New food sources and production systems:a comparison of international regulations and China’s advancements in novel foods with synthetic biology

The global shift towards sustainable food systems has sparked innovations in food sources and production systems,including cell-based meat,plant-based food products,precision fermentation,and 3D food printing.These advancements pose regulatory challenges and opportunities,with China emerging as a critical player in adopting and regulating new food technologies.This review explores the international landscape of new food sources and production systems(NFPS),focusing on China’s role and regulatory approaches compared to global practices.Through this comparative analysis,we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on food safety regulation,offering insights and recommendations for policymakers,industry stakeholders,and researchers engaged in the global food system’s evolution.This comprehensive overview underscores the dynamic nature of regulatory frameworks governing NFPS,highlighting the international efforts to ensure food safety,consumer protection,and the sustainable evolution of the food industry.

Association of nutrients intake during pregnancy with the risk of allergic disease in offspring:a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

To investigate the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy with longitudinal development of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy in offspring.The PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library were searched for articles published throughout May 2022.The pooled effect estimate were presented using relative risk and calculated by the random-effects model.Twenty-three prospective cohort studies enrolling 210817 individuals were included.The risk of wheeze in offspring were lowered when high vitamin D,vitamin E,zinc,and milk intakes during pregnancy,whereas high meat intake during pregnancy could induce additional risk of wheeze in offspring.Moreover,highβ-carotene and magnesium intakes during pregnancy were related to lower eczema risk in offspring,whereas eczema risk in offspring was increased for pregnant women with high intake of butter and margarine.Finally,the asthma risk in offspring could protect against for pregnant women with high intake of vitamin D and apple,whereas high folic acid during pregnancy could produce excess asthma risk in offspring.This study provides the summary evidences regarding the role of nutrients intake during pregnancy and subsequent risk of rhinitis,asthma,eczema,wheeze,and food allergy,and further effective intervention strategies should be employed to improve childhood allergic diseases.

Potential Provoking Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Food Allergy:An Issue That Is Gaining Increasing Attention

Allergic diseases are widespread globally,affecting over 40%of the population.Food allergy(FA),characterized by an abnormal immune response to harmless proteins in foods,is one of these prevalent conditions.Current estimates suggest that approximately 220 million people worldwide suffer from FA(1).In children,over one-third of parents report their children experiencing hypersensitive reactions to food,with FA affecting around 8%of this demographic.

A Methodology of Epidemiologic Study in the General Population Focusing on Food Allergy—China, 2020

Introduction:Adverse reactions to food(ARF)are a major worldwide public health and food safety problem.Among the various causes of ARF,food allergies(FA)are particularly serious as the immune response that is triggered can be fatal even at very low doses.However,the prevalence of ARF and FA in the general population in China is presently unclear.This study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for ARF and FA,which can be a basis for estimating thresholds for major food allergens.Methods:This is a multicenter,cross-sectional,epidemiologic survey with a case-control study nested among a selected population in China.Random individuals were recruited using stratified cluster random sampling;ARF and FA were comprehensively assessed using modified EuroPrevall FA Project questionnaires as well as structured interviews,sensitization testing,and double-blind placebocontrolled food challenges(DBPCFC).Results:This method of epidemiologic study on ARF and FA was a pilot application in Jiangxi Province from January 2020;among the total 21,273 children and adults that completed the questionnaire,5.8%reported ARF and 4.3%reported FA.ARF were determined to be associated with age,gender,and region.Animal-derived foods were the dominant offending foods,especially shrimp,and skin symptoms were the most commonly reported ARF.Discussion:This is the first multi-center,largescale,epidemiologic study on ARF and FA using standardized methods,including DBPCFC,in the Chinese general population.This study presents an important approach to assessing ARF and FA,provides significant insights about the prevalence of ARF and FA,and facilitates support for updating the list of allergenic food labels:which will be essential for improving ARF prevention and management in China.

Risk Assessment of Food Allergens

GLOBAL STRATEGIES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT OF FOOD ALLERGENS Held on the 8th of July every year,World Allergy Day is a global joint initiative launched by the World Health Organization(WHO)and the World Allergy Organization(WAO)as well as other national allergy agencies,which aims to raise the general public awareness of the importance of managing and preventing allergic diseases.Food allergies are a major source of exposure to allergens and a significant public health problem globally with increasing prevalence(1).Importantly,there is currently no effective cure for food allergies and the only strategy for preventing food allergic reactions is to practice a strict avoidance diet.Notably,implementation and adherence to a diet that is free of allergenic foods is challenging because a consumer may be allergic to more than one food or food ingredient and must face a wide variety of food choices in daily life.

Statement on Establishment of A Provisional Health Based Guidance Value for Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in China

The National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation have issued the National Food Safety Standard(GB2762-2022),which delineates the maximum limits(ML)of contaminants in food.This standard will be implemented on June 30,2023.It currently maintains the ML of cadmium in rice(including unhusked rice,husked rice,polished rice)at 0.2 mg/kg,a value first established 40 years ago in GBn238-1984.

Exposure to Chloropropanols and Their Fatty Acid Esters and Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters in the Sixth Total Diet Study—China,2016-2019

What is already known about this topic?Chloropropanols,along with their fatty acid esters and glycidyl fatty acid esters(GEs),are prevalent contaminants in a variety of processed foods,posing potential health risks to humans.What is added by this report?In the Sixth China Total Diet Study(TDS),3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters(3-MCPD esters)and GEs were identified as the predominant chloropropanols and their esters in composite food samples.Vegetables(47.0%)and cereals(15.4%)were the major contributors to exposure among the 12 food categories evaluated.What are the implications for public health practice?The Sixth China TDS highlighted concerns regarding potential health risks associated with dietary exposure to GEs.This study underscores the need for further attention in devising practical strategies to mitigate dietary exposure to GEs.

Self-Reported Food Allergy Prevalence Among Elementary School Children—Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China, 2021

What is already known about this topic?The prevalence of food allergy(FA)among the general population has been increasing in recent decades,and seriously affects the physical and mental health and the quality of life of many people—especially children.What is added by this report?The survey estimated self-reported FA prevalence using a standardized FA questionnaire among school children in Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province,China in 2021.What are the implications for public health practice?Based on the local,epidemiological characteristics of food allergy,public policies on the prevention and management of FA should be developed and preventive practices should be promoted to decrease the overall prevalence of FA.

A Chinese-Specific Reference Amounts Study With TNO Food Allergen Risk Assessment Models-China,2022

What is already known about this topic?There are no consistent regulations on possible unintended allergen presence in food.The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research(TNO)has been committed to developing a quantitative risk assessment methodology for the unintentional intake of allergens.What is added by this report?This study aims to derive the optimal food consumption point for a deterministic food allergy risk assessment under the TNO framework based on Chinese national consumption data.A case study has been presented as an illustration.What are the implications for public health practice?A robust evidence-based food consumption input in quantitative risk assessment of unintended allergens is necessary for future public policy on Precautionary Allergen Labeling for specific products to meet the safety objectives and to be adequately conservative.

National Action Plan in Antimicrobial Resistance Using Framework Analysis for China

INTRODUCTION The emergence of multi-antibiotic-resistant bacteria has turned bacterial resistance into a pressing global issue.Antibiotics that once effectively treated various infectious diseases are now becoming less efficient against a new class of bacteria known as“Super Bacteria,”including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(1).It is estimated that one person dies every minute due to drug-resistant strains of disease,and by 2050,drug-resistant bacterial infections could become the leading cause of death in humans(2).