Seawater desalination has been peoples fond dream since ancient times, the dream is now becoming a reality. This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis. Much attention was paid to innovative dev...Seawater desalination has been peoples fond dream since ancient times, the dream is now becoming a reality. This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis. Much attention was paid to innovative development in membranes, modules, equipments and applied technology, including asymmetric and composite membranes, spiral-wound element and hollow fiber module, energy recovery equipments and different technological processes. The extension of reverse osmosis, such as desalination, pre-concentration, integrated processes and nanofiltration, is also briefly mentioned.展开更多
Homogeneous NaBH_(4)-reduced Co_(O)_(4) thin film electrodes with enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis were obtained via a controlled-synthesis route.Firstly CoOx colloids were synthesized via ethylene glycol so...Homogeneous NaBH_(4)-reduced Co_(O)_(4) thin film electrodes with enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis were obtained via a controlled-synthesis route.Firstly CoOx colloids were synthesized via ethylene glycol solvothermal method and cast on conductive glass substrates.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysis of these asprepared CO_(3)O_(4) thin films were then significantly enhanced via a simple surface reduction by NaBH_(4) solution.The OER catalytic performance of the NaBH_(4)-reduced thin films was strongly dependent on the NaBH_(4) concentration.The use of NaBH_(4)-reduced thin film electrodes for OER in alkaline solution supported higher current density and consequently negative shifts of the onset potential compared to that of the pristine.The optimal B_(12.5,20)-CO_(3)O_(4) thin films exhibited excellent OER catalytic performances:At the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),a low overpotential of 365 mV and a small Tafel slope of 59.0 mV·dec^(-1) were observed.In addition,these B_(12.5,20)-CO_(3)O_(4) thin film electrodes possessed good stability that can well recover its OER performance in a 24-h chronoamperometric stability test.展开更多
文摘Seawater desalination has been peoples fond dream since ancient times, the dream is now becoming a reality. This paper presents a brief development history of reverse osmosis. Much attention was paid to innovative development in membranes, modules, equipments and applied technology, including asymmetric and composite membranes, spiral-wound element and hollow fiber module, energy recovery equipments and different technological processes. The extension of reverse osmosis, such as desalination, pre-concentration, integrated processes and nanofiltration, is also briefly mentioned.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0600503, 2016YFC0400503, 2016YFC0400506)。
文摘Homogeneous NaBH_(4)-reduced Co_(O)_(4) thin film electrodes with enhanced oxygen evolution electrocatalysis were obtained via a controlled-synthesis route.Firstly CoOx colloids were synthesized via ethylene glycol solvothermal method and cast on conductive glass substrates.The oxygen evolution reaction(OER) electrocatalysis of these asprepared CO_(3)O_(4) thin films were then significantly enhanced via a simple surface reduction by NaBH_(4) solution.The OER catalytic performance of the NaBH_(4)-reduced thin films was strongly dependent on the NaBH_(4) concentration.The use of NaBH_(4)-reduced thin film electrodes for OER in alkaline solution supported higher current density and consequently negative shifts of the onset potential compared to that of the pristine.The optimal B_(12.5,20)-CO_(3)O_(4) thin films exhibited excellent OER catalytic performances:At the current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),a low overpotential of 365 mV and a small Tafel slope of 59.0 mV·dec^(-1) were observed.In addition,these B_(12.5,20)-CO_(3)O_(4) thin film electrodes possessed good stability that can well recover its OER performance in a 24-h chronoamperometric stability test.
