冻融及耦合酸化作用下土壤中重金属的浸出性及其机制解析

冻融与不同pH溶液的耦合作用下土壤中重金属浸出行为尚缺乏研究。本研究采用TCLP测试评估了冻融及耦合酸化处理前后土壤中重金属的浸出毒性,并采用孔隙(颗粒)与裂隙图像识别与分析系统(PCAS)和地球化学模拟软件(PHREEQC)分别探究土壤矿物颗粒的微观结构和矿物学演化特征。结果表明,经过30次冻融循环后,As、Cd、Cu、Mn、Pb和Zn的最大浸出浓度分别为0.22 mg/L、0.61 mg/L、2.46 mg/L、3.08 mg/L、29.36 mg/L和8.07 mg/L。在冻融和酸化的耦合作用下,土壤颗粒的孔隙度增加了4.79%。孔隙和裂缝的演化所引起的颗粒结构破坏证实了这一结果。在冻融作用下,土壤颗粒的各向异性增加,而在冻融与酸化的耦合作用下,土壤颗粒的各向异性降低。SEM-EDS、PCAS量化和PHREEQC模拟的结果表明,重金属的释放机制不仅与矿物颗粒的微观结构演化特征有关,还受质子腐蚀以及矿物的溶解和沉淀的影响。这些结果将为季节性冻土地区污染场地土壤修复评价提供重要参考。

Synergistic catalysis of the N-hydroxyphthalimide on flower-like bimetallic metal-organic frameworks for boosting oxidative desulfurization

Synergic catalytic effect between active sites and supports greatly determines the catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidative desulfurization of fuel oils.In this work,Ni-doped Co-based bimetallic metal-organic framework(CoNi-MOF)is fabricated to disperse N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI),in which the whole catalyst provides plentiful synergic catalytic effect to improve the performance of oxidative desulfurization(ODS).As a bimetallic MOF,the second metal Ni doping results in the flower-like morphology and the modification of electronic properties,which ensure the exposure of NHPI and strengthen the synergistic effect of the overall catalyst.Compared with the monometallic Co-MOF and naked NHPI,the NHPI@CoNi-MOF triggers the efficient activation of molecular oxygen and improves the ODS performance without an initiator.The sulfur removal of dibenzothiophene-based model oil reaches 96.4%over the NHPI@CoNi-MOF catalyst in 8 h of reaction.Furthermore,the catalytic product of this aerobic ODS reaction is sulfone,which is adsorbed on the catalyst surface due to the difference in polarity.This work provides new insight and strategy for the design of a strong synergic catalytic effect between NHPI and bimetallic supports toward high-activity aerobic ODS materials.

基于文献回顾的有色金属冶炼废渣的特征、资源化途径及其安全利用评价

冶炼废渣作为冶炼过程中产生的工业副产物,由于其缺乏安全、合理的防护和管理措施可能导致环境问题。通过全面分析近年来发表的相关文献,本文对有色金属冶炼废渣的特性、资源化利用途径及安全利用评价等方面的最新研究进展进行了介绍。研究结果表明,不同的原生精矿、冶炼条件和冶炼类型决定了冶炼废渣的化学和矿物学特征。此外,冶炼废渣在各种资源化利用中表现出极高的灵活性,不仅可以用于金属回收和建筑材料,还可以作为农业肥料和修复剂。同时,本文强调了在各种利用情景下对废渣进行安全性评估的重要性,以降低其潜在环境风险。此外,本文还强调了未来的研究方向,包括建立一种综合且量化的土渣混合体中重金属环境风险评价方法,以及探索更多创新的冶炼废渣资源化利用方法。综上所述,本文对于推动冶炼废渣在环境保护和资源可持续利用方面的研究有重要意义。

某铅锌冶炼污染场地基于多源信息的重金属稳定化修复及其评价

冶炼污染场地土壤中多重金属复合污染的特征增大了对土壤的修复和最终利用的难度。本研究深入调查了某铅锌冶炼场地土壤重金属污染特征,针对性地制定多种联合稳定化修复方案,采用高精度混合装备添加药剂,实施稳定化修复工程。结果表明,Cd、Pb、Zn和As是场地土壤中最主要的重金属污染物,其中Cd、Pb、As的超标率分别为75.80%、76.43%、88.54%。重金属的分布模式与土壤理化性质、污染物迁移路径、水文地质条件、地层岩性、冶炼工艺、厂区功能布局等密切相关。土壤重金属污染主要来源于冶炼粉尘、废渣和废水排放等冶炼活动。稳定化工程效果显示,在药剂与土壤混匀程度不低于90%时,采用无机混合药剂与TJ400螯合剂的组合方案,对土壤稳定化处理7 d后,土壤中Cd、Pb和As同步稳定化效果最好。本研究结果可对多金属重污染场地土壤的稳定化修复提供实践指导。

Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

Proof of Aerobically Autoxidized Self-Charge Concept Based on Single Catechol-Enriched Carbon Cathode Material

The self-charging concept has drawn considerable attention due to its excellent ability to achieve environmental energy harvesting,conversion and storage without an external power supply.However,most self-charging designs assembled by multiple energy harvesting,conversion and storage materials increase the energy transfer loss;the environmental energy supply is generally limited by climate and meteorological conditions,hindering the potential application of these selfpowered devices to be available at all times.Based on aerobic autoxidation of catechol,which is similar to the electrochemical oxidation of the catechol groups on the carbon materials under an electrical charge,we proposed an air-breathing chemical self-charge concept based on the aerobic autoxidation of catechol groups on oxygen-enriched carbon materials to ortho-quinone groups.Energy harvesting,conversion and storage functions could be integrated on a single carbon material to avoid the energy transfer loss among the different materials.Moreover,the assembled Cu/oxygen-enriched carbon battery confirmed the feasibility of the air-oxidation self-charging/electrical discharging mechanism for potential applications.This air-breathing chemical self-charge concept could facilitate the exploration of high-efficiency sustainable air self-charging devices.

An Analysis of Liberia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Context of Least Developed Countries (LDCs): A Review

Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Current Situation Analysis and Suggestions for Solid Waste Management Practices among Households in Freetown

Freetown which is the capital city of Sierra Leone is facing challenges with population growth, urbanization, and industrialization, leading to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. The study aims to evaluate MSW generation, composition, and disposal methods, as well as the impact of collection fees, policy implementation, and women’s participation in municipal solid waste management (MSWM). The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. The study administered 393 structured questionnaires in three selected sections to collect data on variables such as family size, education, level of knowledge, etc. The study used door-to-door data collection to determine the rate of solid waste generation, composition, and disposal in 66 households from two of the selected sections and 34 households from the other section to evaluate the current situation of MSWM practices among households in Freetown. The study used a descriptive statistic to analyze the data collected using Origin-Pro9 and MS Excel software. The findings showed that with a 4.2% urban growth rate, Freetown had a population of 1,467,543 in 2023, generating 851 tons of MSW per day, with organic waste accounting for 78% of the total MSW generated. Plastic waste generation also increased from 7.6% in 2020 to 13% in 2023. The study emphasizes the need to sustain the MSWM system by prioritizing solid waste collection fees, policy enforcement, and women’s participation in the MSWM sector. It further suggests and provides recommendations for developing an efficient and sustainable MSWM system in Sierra Leone, including knowledge transfer from countries like China and the US.

Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

Modeling Scenic Quality of Wetland Landscape Resources in South Dongting Lake,China

This study introduces a method to quantify the scenic value of wetland landscapes and provides the guidance on the allocation of efforts for the purpose of preserving the most important environments.Dongting Lake,a traditional tourist location,is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and a Grade 5A National Scenic Region. This study objectively analyzes the scenic resources of South Dongting Lake,and presents a model based on Quantification TheoryⅠto assess wetland scenic landscapes.Employing a multilinear regression relationship between land-scape factors and their associated scenic value,we built up the Wetland Landscape Quantification Model(WLQM), which was used to classify 221 landscapes into five grades.Finally,some suggestions are proposed regarding quantitative assessment and its use for the sustainable development of wetland environments.

Polyphosphate Accelerates Transformation of Nonstructural Carbohydrates to Improve Growth of ppk-Expressing Transgenic Rice in Phosphorus Deficiency Culture

Crop yield and quality are often limited by the amount of phosphate fertilizer added to infertile soils,a key limiting factor for sustainable development in modern agriculture.The polyphosphate kinase(ppk)gene-expressing transgenic rice with a single-copy line(ETRS)is constructed to improve phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency for phosphorus resource conservation.To investigate the potential mechanisms of the increased biomass in ETRS in low phosphate culture,ETRS was cultivated in a low inorganic phosphate(Pi)culture medium(15μmol/L Pi,LP)and a normal Pi culture medium(300μmol/L Pi,CP),respectively.After 89 d of cultivation in different concentrations of phosphate culture media,the total phosphorus,polyphosphate(polyP),biomass,photosynthetic rate,nonstructural carbohydrate(NSC)contents,related enzyme activities,and related gene expression levels were analyzed.The results showed that ETRS had a high polyP amount to promote the photosynthetic rate in LP,and its biomass was almost the same as the wild type(WT)in CP.The NSC content of ETRS in LP was higher than that of WT in LP,but slightly lower than that of WT in CP.PolyP notably promoted the sucrose phosphate synthase activities of ETRS and significantly down-regulated the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes(OsSUT3 and OsSUT4),resulting in inhibiting the transport of sucrose from shoot to root in ETRS.It was concluded that polyP can stimulate the synthesis of NSCs in LP,which improved the growth of ETRS and triggered the biological activities of ETRS to save phosphate fertilizer.Our study provides a new way to improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in rice production.

过硫酸盐诱导的缺陷氮化碳中三配位氮(N3C)空位增强光催化产过氧化氢

近年来,原位光催化可持续过氧化氢合成技术受到越来越多的关注。其中石墨氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))被认为是最有前途的合成过氧化氢的光催化剂之一;并且,在g-C_(3)N_(4)中引入氮空位已被证明是提高其光催化活性的有效策略。然而,由于g-C_(3)N_(4)中不同类型的氮空位对光催化活性的影响方式不同,氮空位的光催化作用机制尚不清楚。在此,本文提出了一种简便的过硫酸钠共晶聚合方法,制备了具有丰富三配位氮空位(N3C)的g-C_(3)N_(4)。这种类型的氮空位在g-C_(3)N_(4)光催化产过氧化氢的研究中尚未得到重视。本研究的结果表明,在g-C_(3)N_(4)中引入N3C空位可以成功地拓宽光吸收范围,抑制光激发电荷的重组,增强O2的吸附和活化。富含N3C空位的g-C_(3)N_(4)的光催化过氧化氢产量是原始g-C_(3)N_(4)的4.5倍。本研究提出了在g-C_(3)N_(4)中引入N3C空位的新策略,为开发光催化产过氧化氢的活性催化剂提供了一种新方法。

Coking of Pt/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst in landfill gas deoxygen and its effects on catalytic performance

Catalytic oxidation of CH_(4) has been proved to be an attractive option for landfill gas(LFG) upgrading.However, coking of catalysts in catalytic LFG deoxygen has been clearly observed in industrial applications. In this regard, it is necessary to investigate whether coke deposition originates from CH_(4) or volatile organic compounds present in LFG, and the influence of coke deposition on catalytic performance. Herein,we evaluate the LFG deoxygen on Pt/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst in simulated LFG(CH_(4), CO_(2), O_(2), N_(2)) and its co-feed with representative volatile organic compounds, ethylbenzene, toluene, benzene and cyclohexane. The results show that the coking of the catalyst is originated from volatile organic compounds rather than CH_(4). The Pt/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst does not deactivate during LFG deoxygen process, even significant amount of coke deposited, up to 18.15%(mass). Characterization analyses reveal that although coke deposition overall covers the catalyst surface, resulting in mesopores blockage and a reduced number of accessible Pt sites, however, the coke formed, H-rich carbonaceous components, behaves as counterpart for O_(2) elimination. Besides, the coke deposited is mainly filamentous. Thus, coke formation has little negative effect on the overall catalytic performance of Pt/γ-Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst ultimately. The results obtained in this work are helpful for the rational design of robust Pt based catalysts for LFG deoxygen without undue attention to their coking properties, and also favor the innovation of more attractive purification scheme configurations.

Highly Selective Electrocatalytic CuEDTA Reduction by MoS_(2) Nanosheets for Efficient Pollutant Removal and Simultaneous Electric Power Output

Electrocatalytic reduction of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid copper(CuEDTA),a typical refractory heavy metal complexation pollutant,is an environmental benign method that operates at mild condition.Unfortunately,the selective reduction of CuEDTA is still a big challenge in cathodic process.In this work,we report a MoS_(2) nanosheet/graphite felt(GF)cathode,which achieves an average Faraday efficiency of 29.6%and specific removal rate(SRR)of 0.042 mol/cm^(2)/h for CuEDTA at−0.65 V vs SCE(saturated calomel electrode),both of which are much higher than those of the commonly reported electrooxidation technology-based removal systems.Moreover,a proofof-concept CuEDTA/Zn battery with Zn anode and MoS_(2)/GF cathode is demonstrated,which has bifunctions of simultaneous CuEDTA removal and energy output.This is one of the pioneer studies on the electrocatalytic reduction of heavy metal complex and CuEDTA/Zn battery,which brings new insights in developing efficient electrocatalytic reduction system for pollution control and energy output.

Trifunctional Cu-Mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO Nanoarrays for Highly Efficient Degradation of Antibiotic, Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, and Damage of Antibiotics Resistance Genes

Trifunctional Cu-mesh/Cu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays heterostructure is designed and fabricated by integrating CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays onto Cu-mesh(CM)via an in situ growth and phase transformation process.It is successfully applied to efficiently mitigate the antibiotic pollution,including degradation of antibiotics,inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB),and damage of antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs).Under visible-light irradiation,CM/CuCu_(2)O@FeO nanoarrays exhibit a superior degradation efficiency on antibiotics(e.g.,up to 99%in 25 min for tetracycline hydrochloride,TC),due to the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS),especially the dominant·O^(2−).It can fully inactivate E.coli(HB101)with initial number of~108 CFU mL^(−1) in 10 min,which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of 1D nanostructure,dissolved metal ions,and generated ROS.Meanwhile,it is able to damage ARGs after 180 min of photodegradation,including tetA(vs TC)of 3.3 log 10,aphA(vs kanamycin sulfate,KAN)of 3.4 log 10,and tnpA(vs ampicillin,AMP)of 4.4 log 10,respectively.This work explores a green way for treating antibiotic pollution under visible light.

Ultralow-Energy-Barrier H_(2)O_(2)Dissociation on Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers in Binary Ce-Fe Prussian Blue Analogue for Efficient and Stable Photo-Fenton Catalysis

The low intrinsic activity of Fenton catalytic site and high demand for light-energy input inhibit the organic-pollution control efficiency of photo-Fenton process.Here,through structural design with density functional theory(DFT)calculations,Ce is predicted to enable the construction of coordinatively unsaturated metal centers(CUCs)in Prussian blue analogue(PBA),which can strongly adsorb H_(2)O_(2)and donate sufficient electrons for directly splitting the O-O bond to produceOH.Using a substitution-co-assembly strategy,binary Ce-Fe PBA is then prepared,which rapidly degrades sulfamethoxazole with the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant exceeding reported values by 1-2 orders of magnitude.Meanwhile,the photogenerated electrons reduce Fe(Ⅲ)and Ce(Ⅳ)to promote the metal valence cycle in CUCs and make sulfamethoxazole degradation efficiency only lose 6.04%in 5 runs.Overall,by introducing rare earth metals into transition metal-organic frameworks,this work guides the whole process for highly active CUCs from design and construction to mechanism exploration with DFT calculations,enabling ultrafast and stable photo-Fenton catalysis.

Progress in Electrolyte Engineering of Aqueous Batteries in a Wide Temperature Range

Aqueous rechargeable batteries are safe and environmentally friendly and can be made at a low cost;as such,they are attracting attention in the field of energy storage.However,the temperature sensitivity of aqueous batteries hinders their practical application.The solvent water freezes at low temperatures,and there is a reduction in ionic conductivity,whereas it evaporates rapidly at high temperatures,which causes increased side reactions.This review discusses recent progress in improving the performance of aqueous batteries,mainly with respect to electrolyte engineering and the associated strategies employed to achieve such improvements over a wide temperature domain.The review focuses on fi ve electrolyte engineer-ing(aqueous high-concentration electrolytes,organic electrolytes,quasi-solid/solid electrolytes,hybrid electrolytes,and eutectic electrolytes)and investigates the mechanisms involved in reducing the solidifi cation point and boiling point of the electrolyte and enhancing the extreme-temperature electrochemical performance.Finally,the prospect of further improving the wide temperature range performance of aqueous rechargeable batteries is presented.

Establishing an Assessment Index System for Sewage Treatment Works in China

1.Introduction The urban sewage treatment system,including sewage pipe networks and sewage treatment plants,is an important infrastructure to ensure urban social and economic operation.In the past few decades,due to the unremitting efforts of the Chinese government,the construction of China’s urban sewage treatment infrastructure has developed rapidly[1].

Effect of coagulation pretreatment on the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect and mechanism of preventing membrane fouling, by coagulation pretreatment, in terms of fractional component and molecular weight of natural organic matter （NOM）. A relatively higher molecular weight （MW） of hydrophobic compounds was responsible for a rapid decline in the ultrafiltration flux. Coagulation could effectively remove the hydrophobic organics, resulting in the increase of flux. It was found that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds, which could remove inadequately by coagulation, was responsible for the slow declining flux. The fluxes in the filtration of coagulated water and supernatant water were compared and the results showed that a lower MW of neutral hydrophilic compounds remained in the supernatant water after coagulation could be rejected by a membrane, resulting in fouling. It was also found that the coagulated flocs could absorb neutral hydrophilic compounds effectively. Therefore, with the coagulated flocs formed on the membrane surface, the flux decline could be improved.

Production and application of a novel bioflocculant by multiple-microorganism consortia using brewery wastewater as carbon source

The flocculating activity of a novel bioflocculant MMF1 produced by multiple-microorganism consortia MM1 was investigated. MM1 was composed of strain BAFRT4 identified as Staphylococcus sp. and strain CYGS1 identified as Pseudomonas sp. The flocculating activity of MMF1 isolated from the screening medium was 82.9%, which is remarkably higher than that of the bioflocculant produced by either of the strains under the same condition. Brewery wastewater was also used as the carbon source for MM1, and the cost-effective production medium for MM1 mainly comprised 1.0 L brewery water （chemical oxygen demand （COD） 5000 mg/L）, 0.5 g/L urea, 0.5 g/L yeast extract, and 0.2 g/L （NH4）2SO4. The optimal conditions for the production of MMF1 was inoculum size 2%, initial pH 6.0, cultivating temperature 30℃, and shaking speed 160 r/min, under which the flocculating activity of the MMF1 reached 96.8%. Fifteen grams of purified bioflocculant could be recovered from 1.0 L of fermentation broth. MMF1 was identified as a macromolecular substance containing both protein and polysaccharide. It showed good flocculating performance in treating indigotin printing and dyeing wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiencies of COD and chroma were 79.2% and 86.5%, respectively.