Wood biomass has been viewed as “carbon neutral”—its uses as energy have a zero carbon footprint. Some observers argue that the use of wood biofuels will result in a decrease of the forest stock and a net reduction...Wood biomass has been viewed as “carbon neutral”—its uses as energy have a zero carbon footprint. Some observers argue that the use of wood biofuels will result in a decrease of the forest stock and a net reduction of the carbon captured in the forest. Such assessments take a static, accounting view of forest systems and do not consider the effects of management in renewing the forest and increasing its extent or ability to sequester carbon. This paper addresses the carbon neutrality debate using a dynamic optimization forest management model to examine the effect on the existing and future forests of a changing demand for wood biomass. The results show that under market optimizing conditions, when future demand is anticipated to increase for significant periods, the response of managers will be to increase the intensity of forest production thereby offsetting much of the carbon released in bioenergy production.展开更多
1.Introduction U.S.environmental regulation relies in large measure on polluter liability as both a deterrent and way to finance compensation for environmental damages. While most U.S.environmental statutes also inclu...1.Introduction U.S.environmental regulation relies in large measure on polluter liability as both a deterrent and way to finance compensation for environmental damages. While most U.S.environmental statutes also include ex ante operational,public process,and technological standards,the ex post imposition of liability is a distinctive feature of the American approach to regulation.展开更多
文摘Wood biomass has been viewed as “carbon neutral”—its uses as energy have a zero carbon footprint. Some observers argue that the use of wood biofuels will result in a decrease of the forest stock and a net reduction of the carbon captured in the forest. Such assessments take a static, accounting view of forest systems and do not consider the effects of management in renewing the forest and increasing its extent or ability to sequester carbon. This paper addresses the carbon neutrality debate using a dynamic optimization forest management model to examine the effect on the existing and future forests of a changing demand for wood biomass. The results show that under market optimizing conditions, when future demand is anticipated to increase for significant periods, the response of managers will be to increase the intensity of forest production thereby offsetting much of the carbon released in bioenergy production.
文摘1.Introduction U.S.environmental regulation relies in large measure on polluter liability as both a deterrent and way to finance compensation for environmental damages. While most U.S.environmental statutes also include ex ante operational,public process,and technological standards,the ex post imposition of liability is a distinctive feature of the American approach to regulation.
