Identification and treatment of individuals with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder: An expert consensus statement

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often co-occurs with substance use(SU)and/or substance use disorder(SUD).Individuals with concurrent ADHD and SU/SUD can have complex presentations that may complicate diagnosis and treatment.This can be further complicated by the context in which services are delivered.Also,when working with young people and adults with co-existing ADHD and SU/SUD,there is uncertainty among healthcare practitioners on how best to meet their needs.In February 2022,the United Kingdom ADHD Partnership hosted a meeting attended by multidisciplinary experts to address these issues.Following presentations providing attendees with an overview of the literature,group discussions were held synthesizing research evidence and clinical experience.Topics included:(1)A review of substances and reasons for use/misuse;(2)identification,assessment and treatment of illicit SU/SUD in young people and adults with ADHD presenting in community services;and(3)identification,assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults presenting in SU/SUD community and inpatient services.Discussions highlighted inter-service barriers and fragmentation of care.It was concluded that a multimodal and multi-agency approach is needed.The consensus group generated a table of practice recommendations providing guidance on:identification and assessment;pharmacological and psychological treatment;and multi-agency interventions.

Reasoning and Rehabilitation cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders: Predictors of outcome

AIM To investigate factors predicting treatment completion and treatment outcome of the Reasoning and Rehabilitation Mental Health Programme(R&R2MHP) cognitive skills programme for mentally disordered offenders. METHODS Secondary analysis of data previously obtained from 97 male patients who were sectioned and detained under the United Kingdom Mental Health Act in low, medium and high security hospitals and who had completed R&R2MHP. Predictors of treatment completion included background variables and five outcome measures: Four self-reported measures of violent attitudes, social problem-solving skills, reactive anger and locus of control and an objective measure of behaviour on theward that was completed by staff. Completion of the 16 session programme, which was delivered on a weekly basis, was classified as ≥ 12 sessions.RESULTS It was found that the R&R2MHP is appropriate for delivery to participants of different ages, ethnic background, and at different levels of security without the completion rate or treatment effectiveness being compromised. Participants taking oral typical psychotropic medication were over seven times more likely to complete the programme than other participants. Behavioural disturbance on the ward prior to commencing the programme predicted non-completion(medium effect size). As far as treatment completion was concerned, none of the background factors predicted treatment effectiveness(age, ethnic background, level of security, number of previous convictions and number of previous hospital admissions). The best predictor of treatment effectiveness was attitude towards violence suggesting that this should be the primary outcome measure in future research evaluating outcomes of the R&R2MHP cognitive skills program. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a stable mental state is a key factor that predicts treatment completion.

集总参数模型对地热田储层裂隙模拟的探讨

介绍了利用集总参数模型对于地热田储层裂隙探讨的可能性。地下热储深藏于地下并且难以直接对其进行观测。对地热系统中不同储层之间连通性的研究尤其重要意义。目前,探测不同地热井之间由于储层裂隙而影响它们之间连通强弱常用的方法为同位素示踪法。但由于该方法仅能在定性方面评价地热储层之间的连通性。因此,探讨了另一种可能性,即通过利用集总参数模型模拟地热田响应的基础上,为地热田地质储层连通性能的定量分析提供借鉴意义。

The combination of user centered design and industrial design: Balance between subjective and objective design

Traditional Industrial Design has been an important aspect in the New Product Development process within the last dec- ades. User centered design is a growing research field for product innovation which needs support from both design knowledge and research methodologies. Both TID and UCD focus on user＇s perspective when doing multi-disciplinary work. They take care of style, usability, and balancing the users need and reality. The skills from TID help design expression and realization to communicate effi- ciently with other participants by informative images and real prototypes. The methods from UCD help the idea generation and op- portunity discoveries by facilitating workshops and conducting interview with participants. TID and UCD represent different per- spectives of the subjective and the objective respectively.

Word-Representability of Line Graphs

A graph G=(V,E) is representable if there exists a word W over the alphabet V such that letters x and y alternate in W if and only if (x ,y) is in E for each x not equal to y . The motivation to study representable graphs came from algebra, but this subject is interesting from graph theoretical, computer science, and combinatorics on words points of view. In this paper, we prove that for n greater than 3, the line graph of an n-wheel is non-representable. This not only provides a new construction of non-repre- sentable graphs, but also answers an open question on representability of the line graph of the 5-wheel, the minimal non-representable graph. Moreover, we show that for n greater than 4, the line graph of the complete graph is also non-representable. We then use these facts to prove that given a graph G which is not a cycle, a path or a claw graph, the graph obtained by taking the line graph of G k-times is guaranteed to be non-representable for k greater than 3.

Glucosamine increases the expression of YKL-40 and osteogenic marker genes in hMSC during osteogenic differentiation

Human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSC)can be expanded in vitro and differentiated towards osteogenic,chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages,making them an attractive source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Chitinase-like-proteins(CLPs)belong to the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases and are believed to play a role in inflammation and tissue remodelling.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the aminosugar glucosamine on the expression of the CLP YKL-40 during osteogenic differentiation of hMSC.Glucosamine did not affect multipotency of hMSC nor proliferation rate of undifferentiated hMSC.YKL-40 was expressed during both expansion of undifferentiated hMSC and during osteogenic differentiation.A slight but non-significant increase in YKL-40 expression was observed with glucosamine,accompanied by a pH-dependent delay in mineralization.However,glucosamine induced higher expression of osteogenic marker genes.

Distribution network reconfiguration using feasibility-preserving evolutionary optimization

Distribution network reconfiguration(DNR) can significantly reduce power losses, improve the voltage profile, and increase the power quality. DNR studies require implementation of power flow analysis and complex optimization procedures capable of handling large combinatorial problems. The size of distribution network influences the type of the optimization method to be applied. Straightforward approaches can be computationally expensive or even prohibitive whereas heuristic or meta-heuristic approaches can yield acceptable results with less computation cost. In this paper, a customized evolutionary algorithm has been introduced and applied to power distribution network reconfiguration. The recombination operators of the algorithm are designed to preserve feasibility of solutions(radial structure of the network) thus considerably reducing the size of the search space. Consequently, improved repeatability of results as well as lower overall computational complexity of the optimization process have been achieved. The optimization process considers power losses and the system voltage profile, both aggregated into a scalar cost function. Power flow analysis is performed with the Open Distribution System Simulator,a simple and efficient simulation tool for electric distribution systems. Our approach is demonstrated using several networks of various sizes. Comprehensive benchmarking indicates superiority of the proposed technique over state-of-the-art methods from the literature.