By automatically learning the priors embedded in images with powerful modelling ca-pabilities,deep learning-based algorithms have recently made considerable progress in reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral...By automatically learning the priors embedded in images with powerful modelling ca-pabilities,deep learning-based algorithms have recently made considerable progress in reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral(HR-HS)image.With previously collected large-amount of external data,these methods are intuitively realised under the full supervision of the ground-truth data.Thus,the database construction in merging the low-resolution(LR)HS(LR-HS)and HR multispectral(MS)or RGB image research paradigm,commonly named as HSI SR,requires collecting corresponding training triplets:HR-MS(RGB),LR-HS and HR-HS image simultaneously,and often faces dif-ficulties in reality.The learned models with the training datasets collected simultaneously under controlled conditions may significantly degrade the HSI super-resolved perfor-mance to the real images captured under diverse environments.To handle the above-mentioned limitations,the authors propose to leverage the deep internal and self-supervised learning to solve the HSI SR problem.The authors advocate that it is possible to train a specific CNN model at test time,called as deep internal learning(DIL),by on-line preparing the training triplet samples from the observed LR-HS/HR-MS(or RGB)images and the down-sampled LR-HS version.However,the number of the training triplets extracted solely from the transformed data of the observation itself is extremely few particularly for the HSI SR tasks with large spatial upscale factors,which would result in limited reconstruction performance.To solve this problem,the authors further exploit deep self-supervised learning(DSL)by considering the observations as the unlabelled training samples.Specifically,the degradation modules inside the network were elaborated to realise the spatial and spectral down-sampling procedures for transforming the generated HR-HS estimation to the high-resolution RGB/LR-HS approximation,and then the reconstruction errors of the observations were formulated for measuring the network modelling performance.By consolidating the DIL and DSL into a unified deep framework,the authors construct a more robust HSI SR method without any prior training and have great potential of flexible adaptation to different settings per obser-vation.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive experiments have been conducted on two benchmark HS datasets,including the CAVE and Harvard datasets,and demonstrate the great performance gain of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
A novel method has been established to realize the experiment of electron scattering off short-lived nuclei. The method was based on the well known ＂ion trapping＂ phenomenon in electron storage rings. In the R^D exp...A novel method has been established to realize the experiment of electron scattering off short-lived nuclei. The method was based on the well known ＂ion trapping＂ phenomenon in electron storage rings. In the R^D experiments at Kyoto University, stable nucleus, 133^Cs, was employed as the target nucleus. The luminosity of scattering experiment was nearly 1026 cm^-2s^-1 at electron beam current around 75 mA. The angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons from trapped Cs ions was measured and the result was well fitted by theoretical calculation. It was indicated that higher luminosity can be reached with larger electron beam current.展开更多
Amphipathic-type thioesters CH3(CH2)mCOS(CH2)nCOONa (m + n = 12) were synthesized and their reaction with various alkylamines was examined. Compounds having thioester moiety close to carboxylate (m = 10, n = 2) afford...Amphipathic-type thioesters CH3(CH2)mCOS(CH2)nCOONa (m + n = 12) were synthesized and their reaction with various alkylamines was examined. Compounds having thioester moiety close to carboxylate (m = 10, n = 2) afforded the corresponding amides in good yields, while the substrate having thioester moiety distant from carboxylate (m = 2, n = 10) afforded the amides in relatively low yield. In all cases, the difference in yield due to the chain length of amine was not observed. The results indicated that the reaction took place effectively near the surface of micelle. However, the reaction was found to occur not only on micelle surface but also in solution.展开更多
We report on the first observation of the neutron-rich nucleus^(131)Ag.This isotope was produced via fragmentation reactions of intense secondary radioactive ion beams,including 134,135Sn.The secondary beams were prod...We report on the first observation of the neutron-rich nucleus^(131)Ag.This isotope was produced via fragmentation reactions of intense secondary radioactive ion beams,including 134,135Sn.The secondary beams were produced from induced fission reactions from a stable 238U beam at 345 MeV/nucleon.Secondary reaction residues were selected by the ZeroDegree spectrometer and identified by measuring their magnetic rigidity,time of flight,energy loss,and total kinetic energy.展开更多
Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pinea...Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.展开更多
Nestling rejection is a rare type of host defense against brood parasitism compared with egg rejection.Theoretically,host defenses at both egg and nestling stages could be based on similar underlying discrimination me...Nestling rejection is a rare type of host defense against brood parasitism compared with egg rejection.Theoretically,host defenses at both egg and nestling stages could be based on similar underlying discrimination mechanisms but,due to the rarity of nestling rejector hosts,few studies have actually tested this hypothesis.We investigated egg and nestling discrimination by the fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis,a host that seemingly accepts nonmimetic eggs of its parasite,the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus,but ejects mimetic parasite nestlings.We introduced artificial eggs or nestlings and foreign gerygone nestlings in gerygone nests and compared begging calls of parasite and host nestlings.We found that the gerygone ejected artificial eggs only if their size was smaller than the parasite or host eggs.Ejection of artificial nestlings did not depend on whether their color matched that of the brood.The frequency of ejection increased during the course of the breeding season mirroring the increase in ejection frequency of parasite nestlings by the host.Cross-fostered gerygone nestlings were frequently ejected when lacking natal down and when introduced in the nest before hatching of the foster brood,but only occasionally when they did not match the color of the foster brood.Begging calls differed significantly between parasite and host nestlings throughout the nestling period.Our results suggest that the fan-tailed gerygone accepts eggs within the size range of gerygone and cuckoo eggs and that nestling discrimination is based on auditory and visual cues other than skin color.This highlights the importance of using a combined approach to study discrimination mechanisms of hosts.展开更多
The deep-space multi-object orbit determination system(DMOODS)and its application in the asteroid proximity operation of the Hayabusa2 mission are described.DMOODS was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agen...The deep-space multi-object orbit determination system(DMOODS)and its application in the asteroid proximity operation of the Hayabusa2 mission are described.DMOODS was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)for the primary purpose of determining the trajectory of deep-space spacecraft for JAXA’s planetary missions.The weighted least-squares batch filter is used for the orbit estimator of DMOODS.The orbit estimator supports more than 10 data types,some of which are used for relative trajectory measurements between multiple space objects including natural satellites and small bodies.This system consists of a set of computer programs running on Linux-based consumer PCs on the ground,which are used for orbit determination and the generation of radiometric tracking data,such as delta differential one-way ranging and doppler tracking data.During the asteroid proximity phase of Hayabusa2,this system played an essential role in operations that had very strict navigation requirements or operations in which few optical data were obtained owing to special constraints on the spacecraft attitude or distance from the asteroid.One example is orbit determination during the solar conjunction phase,in which the navigation accuracy is degraded by the effect of the solar corona.The large range bias caused by the solar corona was accurately estimated with DMOODS by combining light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and ranging measurements in the superior solar conjunction phase of Hayabusa2.For the orbiting operations of target markers and the MINERVA-II2 rover,the simultaneous estimation of six trajectories of four artificial objects and a natural object was made by DMOODS.This type of simultaneous orbit determination of multi-artificial objects in deep-space has never been accomplished before.展开更多
This paper describes the orbit design of the deployable payload Rover 2 of MINERVA-II,installed on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.Because Rover 2 did not have surface exploration capabilities,the operation team decided to e...This paper describes the orbit design of the deployable payload Rover 2 of MINERVA-II,installed on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.Because Rover 2 did not have surface exploration capabilities,the operation team decided to experiment with a new strategy for its deployment to the surface.The rover was ejected at a high altitude and made a semi-hard landing on the surface of the asteroid Ryugu after several orbits.Based on the orbital analysis around Ryugu,the expected collision speed was tolerable for the rover to function post-impact.Because the rover could not control its position,its motion was entirely governed by the initial conditions.Thus,the largest challenge was to insert the rover into a stable orbit(despite its large release uncertainty),and avoid its escape from Ryugu due to an environment strongly perturbed by solar radiation pressure and gravitational irregularities.This study investigates the solution space of the orbit around Ryugu and evaluates the orbit’s robustness by utilizing Monte Carlo simulations to determine the orbit insertion policy.Upon analyzing the flight data of the rover operation,we verified that the rover orbited Ryugu for more than one period and established the possibility of a novel method for estimating the gravity of an asteroid.展开更多
When the pdf version of this paper first published,there were a number of errors in the reference list:accented letters were displaying incorrectly,leading to errors in author names throughout the list.This has now be...When the pdf version of this paper first published,there were a number of errors in the reference list:accented letters were displaying incorrectly,leading to errors in author names throughout the list.This has now been corrected online.展开更多
Two-proton relative momentum distributions from the break-up channels 23Al→p+p+21Na and 22Mg→p+p+20Ne at an energy of 60-70 A MeV have been measured together with two-proton opening angles at the projectile fragment...Two-proton relative momentum distributions from the break-up channels 23Al→p+p+21Na and 22Mg→p+p+20Ne at an energy of 60-70 A MeV have been measured together with two-proton opening angles at the projectile fragment separator beamline (RIPS) in the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron Facility. The results demonstrate the existence of diproton emission component from single-step 2He for highly excited 23Al and 22Mg.展开更多
The lifetime of the first excited 2+ state in 18C was measured using an upgraded recoil shadow method to determine the electric quadrupole transition. The measured mean lifetime is 18.9±0.9(stat)±4.4(syst)ps...The lifetime of the first excited 2+ state in 18C was measured using an upgraded recoil shadow method to determine the electric quadrupole transition. The measured mean lifetime is 18.9±0.9(stat)±4.4(syst)ps,which corresponds to a B(E2; 2+1→0+gs) value of (4.3± 0.2±1.0) e2fm4,or about 1.5 Weisskopf units. The mean lifetime of the first 2+ state in 16C was remeasured to be about 18 ps,about four times shorter than the value reported previously. This discrepancy was explained by incorporating the γ-ray angular distribution measured in this work into the previous measurement. The observed transition strengths in 16,18C are hindered compared to the empirical transition strengths,indicating that the anomalous hindrance observed in 16C persists in 18C.展开更多
Correction to:Oki,Y.,Yoshikawa,K.,Takeuchi,H.et al.Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2's rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu.Astrodynamics 2020,4(4):309-329 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42...Correction to:Oki,Y.,Yoshikawa,K.,Takeuchi,H.et al.Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2's rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu.Astrodynamics 2020,4(4):309-329 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42064-020-0080-y The article“Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2’s rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu”written by Yusuke Oki,Kent Yoshikawa,Hiroshi Takeuchi et al.,was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 05 November 2020 without open access.After publication in Volume 4,Issue 4,page 309–329,the author(s)decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication.展开更多
基金Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:20K11867。
文摘By automatically learning the priors embedded in images with powerful modelling ca-pabilities,deep learning-based algorithms have recently made considerable progress in reconstructing the high-resolution hyperspectral(HR-HS)image.With previously collected large-amount of external data,these methods are intuitively realised under the full supervision of the ground-truth data.Thus,the database construction in merging the low-resolution(LR)HS(LR-HS)and HR multispectral(MS)or RGB image research paradigm,commonly named as HSI SR,requires collecting corresponding training triplets:HR-MS(RGB),LR-HS and HR-HS image simultaneously,and often faces dif-ficulties in reality.The learned models with the training datasets collected simultaneously under controlled conditions may significantly degrade the HSI super-resolved perfor-mance to the real images captured under diverse environments.To handle the above-mentioned limitations,the authors propose to leverage the deep internal and self-supervised learning to solve the HSI SR problem.The authors advocate that it is possible to train a specific CNN model at test time,called as deep internal learning(DIL),by on-line preparing the training triplet samples from the observed LR-HS/HR-MS(or RGB)images and the down-sampled LR-HS version.However,the number of the training triplets extracted solely from the transformed data of the observation itself is extremely few particularly for the HSI SR tasks with large spatial upscale factors,which would result in limited reconstruction performance.To solve this problem,the authors further exploit deep self-supervised learning(DSL)by considering the observations as the unlabelled training samples.Specifically,the degradation modules inside the network were elaborated to realise the spatial and spectral down-sampling procedures for transforming the generated HR-HS estimation to the high-resolution RGB/LR-HS approximation,and then the reconstruction errors of the observations were formulated for measuring the network modelling performance.By consolidating the DIL and DSL into a unified deep framework,the authors construct a more robust HSI SR method without any prior training and have great potential of flexible adaptation to different settings per obser-vation.To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive experiments have been conducted on two benchmark HS datasets,including the CAVE and Harvard datasets,and demonstrate the great performance gain of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.
文摘A novel method has been established to realize the experiment of electron scattering off short-lived nuclei. The method was based on the well known ＂ion trapping＂ phenomenon in electron storage rings. In the R^D experiments at Kyoto University, stable nucleus, 133^Cs, was employed as the target nucleus. The luminosity of scattering experiment was nearly 1026 cm^-2s^-1 at electron beam current around 75 mA. The angular distribution of elastically scattered electrons from trapped Cs ions was measured and the result was well fitted by theoretical calculation. It was indicated that higher luminosity can be reached with larger electron beam current.
文摘Amphipathic-type thioesters CH3(CH2)mCOS(CH2)nCOONa (m + n = 12) were synthesized and their reaction with various alkylamines was examined. Compounds having thioester moiety close to carboxylate (m = 10, n = 2) afforded the corresponding amides in good yields, while the substrate having thioester moiety distant from carboxylate (m = 2, n = 10) afforded the amides in relatively low yield. In all cases, the difference in yield due to the chain length of amine was not observed. The results indicated that the reaction took place effectively near the surface of micelle. However, the reaction was found to occur not only on micelle surface but also in solution.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB834402the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11035001 and 11275011.
文摘We report on the first observation of the neutron-rich nucleus^(131)Ag.This isotope was produced via fragmentation reactions of intense secondary radioactive ion beams,including 134,135Sn.The secondary beams were produced from induced fission reactions from a stable 238U beam at 345 MeV/nucleon.Secondary reaction residues were selected by the ZeroDegree spectrometer and identified by measuring their magnetic rigidity,time of flight,energy loss,and total kinetic energy.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K11823 to AH and JP22J01508 to KW。
文摘Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.
基金This study was funded by the National Science Centre,Poland:NCN 2012/05/E/NZ8/02694 and NCN 2016/23/B/NZ8/03082the Japan Society for Promotion of Science(JSPS):grant no.24-4578(to N.J.S.)+1 种基金24770028(to K.D.T.),23255004(to K.U.)by Rikkyo University:SFR 11-54(to N.J.S.).
文摘Nestling rejection is a rare type of host defense against brood parasitism compared with egg rejection.Theoretically,host defenses at both egg and nestling stages could be based on similar underlying discrimination mechanisms but,due to the rarity of nestling rejector hosts,few studies have actually tested this hypothesis.We investigated egg and nestling discrimination by the fan-tailed gerygone Gerygone flavolateralis,a host that seemingly accepts nonmimetic eggs of its parasite,the shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus,but ejects mimetic parasite nestlings.We introduced artificial eggs or nestlings and foreign gerygone nestlings in gerygone nests and compared begging calls of parasite and host nestlings.We found that the gerygone ejected artificial eggs only if their size was smaller than the parasite or host eggs.Ejection of artificial nestlings did not depend on whether their color matched that of the brood.The frequency of ejection increased during the course of the breeding season mirroring the increase in ejection frequency of parasite nestlings by the host.Cross-fostered gerygone nestlings were frequently ejected when lacking natal down and when introduced in the nest before hatching of the foster brood,but only occasionally when they did not match the color of the foster brood.Begging calls differed significantly between parasite and host nestlings throughout the nestling period.Our results suggest that the fan-tailed gerygone accepts eggs within the size range of gerygone and cuckoo eggs and that nestling discrimination is based on auditory and visual cues other than skin color.This highlights the importance of using a combined approach to study discrimination mechanisms of hosts.
文摘The deep-space multi-object orbit determination system(DMOODS)and its application in the asteroid proximity operation of the Hayabusa2 mission are described.DMOODS was developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)for the primary purpose of determining the trajectory of deep-space spacecraft for JAXA’s planetary missions.The weighted least-squares batch filter is used for the orbit estimator of DMOODS.The orbit estimator supports more than 10 data types,some of which are used for relative trajectory measurements between multiple space objects including natural satellites and small bodies.This system consists of a set of computer programs running on Linux-based consumer PCs on the ground,which are used for orbit determination and the generation of radiometric tracking data,such as delta differential one-way ranging and doppler tracking data.During the asteroid proximity phase of Hayabusa2,this system played an essential role in operations that had very strict navigation requirements or operations in which few optical data were obtained owing to special constraints on the spacecraft attitude or distance from the asteroid.One example is orbit determination during the solar conjunction phase,in which the navigation accuracy is degraded by the effect of the solar corona.The large range bias caused by the solar corona was accurately estimated with DMOODS by combining light detection and ranging(LIDAR)and ranging measurements in the superior solar conjunction phase of Hayabusa2.For the orbiting operations of target markers and the MINERVA-II2 rover,the simultaneous estimation of six trajectories of four artificial objects and a natural object was made by DMOODS.This type of simultaneous orbit determination of multi-artificial objects in deep-space has never been accomplished before.
基金This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant(No.18H01628).
文摘This paper describes the orbit design of the deployable payload Rover 2 of MINERVA-II,installed on the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.Because Rover 2 did not have surface exploration capabilities,the operation team decided to experiment with a new strategy for its deployment to the surface.The rover was ejected at a high altitude and made a semi-hard landing on the surface of the asteroid Ryugu after several orbits.Based on the orbital analysis around Ryugu,the expected collision speed was tolerable for the rover to function post-impact.Because the rover could not control its position,its motion was entirely governed by the initial conditions.Thus,the largest challenge was to insert the rover into a stable orbit(despite its large release uncertainty),and avoid its escape from Ryugu due to an environment strongly perturbed by solar radiation pressure and gravitational irregularities.This study investigates the solution space of the orbit around Ryugu and evaluates the orbit’s robustness by utilizing Monte Carlo simulations to determine the orbit insertion policy.Upon analyzing the flight data of the rover operation,we verified that the rover orbited Ryugu for more than one period and established the possibility of a novel method for estimating the gravity of an asteroid.
文摘When the pdf version of this paper first published,there were a number of errors in the reference list:accented letters were displaying incorrectly,leading to errors in author names throughout the list.This has now been corrected online.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10775167, 10775168, 10979074, 10405032, 10747163, 10805067 and 10605036)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815004)the Shanghai Development Foundation for Science and Technology (Grant No. 09JC1416800)
文摘Two-proton relative momentum distributions from the break-up channels 23Al→p+p+21Na and 22Mg→p+p+20Ne at an energy of 60-70 A MeV have been measured together with two-proton opening angles at the projectile fragment separator beamline (RIPS) in the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron Facility. The results demonstrate the existence of diproton emission component from single-step 2He for highly excited 23Al and 22Mg.
基金Ministry of Education, Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan(15204017,20740163)
文摘The lifetime of the first excited 2+ state in 18C was measured using an upgraded recoil shadow method to determine the electric quadrupole transition. The measured mean lifetime is 18.9±0.9(stat)±4.4(syst)ps,which corresponds to a B(E2; 2+1→0+gs) value of (4.3± 0.2±1.0) e2fm4,or about 1.5 Weisskopf units. The mean lifetime of the first 2+ state in 16C was remeasured to be about 18 ps,about four times shorter than the value reported previously. This discrepancy was explained by incorporating the γ-ray angular distribution measured in this work into the previous measurement. The observed transition strengths in 16,18C are hindered compared to the empirical transition strengths,indicating that the anomalous hindrance observed in 16C persists in 18C.
文摘Correction to:Oki,Y.,Yoshikawa,K.,Takeuchi,H.et al.Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2's rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu.Astrodynamics 2020,4(4):309-329 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42064-020-0080-y The article“Orbit insertion strategy of Hayabusa2’s rover with large release uncertainty around the asteroid Ryugu”written by Yusuke Oki,Kent Yoshikawa,Hiroshi Takeuchi et al.,was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal(currently SpringerLink)on 05 November 2020 without open access.After publication in Volume 4,Issue 4,page 309–329,the author(s)decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an open access publication.
