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Asthma Hospital Admissions and Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations in New York City
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作者 Carlos E. Restrepo Jeffrey S. Simonoff +1 位作者 George D. Thurston Rae Zimmerman 《Journal of Environmental Protection》 2012年第9期1102-1116,共15页
Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Neg... Air pollution is considered a risk factor for asthma. In this paper, we analyze the association between daily hospital admissions for asthma and ambient air pollution concentrations in four New York City counties. Negative binomial regression is used to model the association between daily asthma hospital admissions and ambient air pollution concentrations. Potential confounding factors such as heat index, day of week, holidays, yearly population changes, and seasonal and long-term trends are controlled for in the models. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) show the most consistent statistically significant associations with daily hospitalizations for asthma during the entire period (1996-2000). The associations are stronger for children (0 - 17 years) than for adults (18 - 64 years). Relative risks (RR) for the inter-quartile range (IQR) of same day 24-hour average pollutant concentration and asthma hospitalizations for children for the four county hospitalization totals were: NO2 (IQR = 0.011 ppm, RR = 1.017, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.034), SO2 (IQR = 0.008 ppm, RR = 1.023, 95% CI = 1.004, 1.042), CO (IQR = 0.232 ppm, RR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003, 1.025). In the case of ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM2.5) statistically significant associations were found for daily one-hour maxima values and children’s asthma hospitalization in models that used lagged values for air pollution concentrations. Five-day weighted average lag models resulted in these estimates: O3 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 0.025 ppm, RR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.002, 1.098), PM2.5 (one-hour maxima) (IQR = 16.679 μg/m3, RR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.008, 1.103). In addition, seasonal variations were also explored for PM2.5 and statistically significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma were found during the colder months (November-March) of the year. Important differences in pollution effects were found across pollutants, counties, and age groups. The results for PM2.5 suggest that the composition of PM is important to this health outcome, since the major sources of NYC PM differ between winter and summer months. 展开更多
关键词 ASTHMA Air Pollution Epidemiology New YORK CITY Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Carbon MONOXIDE PARTICULATE Matter Ozone
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口罩对听力受损的人可能是致命的 迫切需要创新,以保证在医疗机构中人们能清晰沟通
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作者 Chodosh Joshua Barbara E Weinstein +3 位作者 Jan Blustein 吴庆武(译) 郑瑞(译) 杨钦泰(审校) 《英国医学杂志中文版》 2020年第12期687-688,共2页
新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的大流行确实改变了医疗的面貌:临床医生、护士、其他工作人员以及患者都戴上了口罩。我们试图在保持所需距离的同时进行交流。由于口罩遮住了面孔,我们无法看清对日常交流至关重要的面部表情和嘴唇动作。
关键词 临床医生 医疗机构 听力受损 面部表情 口罩 新型冠状病毒 日常交流 护士
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