The unprecedented expansion of the national car ownership over the last few years has been determined by economic growth and the need for the population and economic agents to reduce travel time in progressively expan...The unprecedented expansion of the national car ownership over the last few years has been determined by economic growth and the need for the population and economic agents to reduce travel time in progressively expanding large urban centres. This has led to an increase in the level of road noise and a stronger impact on the quality of the environment. Noise pollution generated by means of transport represents one of the most important types of pollution with negative effects on a population＇s health in large urban areas. As a consequence, tolerable limits of sound intensity for the comfort of inhabitants have been determined worldwide and the generation of sound maps has been made compulsory in order to identify the vulnerable zones and to make recommendations how to decrease the negative impact on humans. In this context, the present study aims at presenting a GIS spatial analysis model-based methodology for identifying and mapping zones vulnerable to noise pollution. The developed GIS model is based on the analysis of all the components influencing sound propagation, represented as vector databases （points of sound intensity measurements, buildings, lands use, transport infrastructure）, raster databases （DEM）, and numerical databases （wind direction and speed, sound intensity）. Secondly, the hourly changes （for representative hours） were analysed to identify the hotspots characterised by major traffic flows specific to rush hours. The validated results of the model are represented by GIS databases and useful maps for the local public administration to use as a source of information and in the process of making decisions.展开更多
Maramures Land is mostly characterized byagricultural and forestry land use due to its specificconfiguration of topography and its specific pedoclimaticconditions. Taking into consideration the trend of the lastcentur...Maramures Land is mostly characterized byagricultural and forestry land use due to its specificconfiguration of topography and its specific pedoclimaticconditions. Taking into consideration the trend of the lastcentury from the perspective of land management, adecrease in the surface of agricultural lands to theadvantage of built-up and grass lands, as well as anaccelerated decrease in the forest cover due to uncontrolledand irrational forest exploitation, has become obvious. Thefield analysis performed on the territory of Maramures Land has highlighted a high frequency of two geomor-phologic processes - landslides and soil erosion - whichhave a major negative impact on land use due to their rateof occurrence. The main aim of the present study is the GISmodeling of the two geomorphologic processes, determin-ing a state of vulnerability （the USLE model for soilerosion and a quantitative model based on the morpho-metric characteristics of the territory, derived from the HG.447/2003） and their integration in a complex model ofcumulated vulnerability identification. The modeling of therisk exposure was performed using a quantitative approachbased on models and equations of spatial analysis, whichwere developed with modeled raster data structures andprimary vector data, through a matrix highlighting thecorrespondence between vulnerability and land useclasses. The quantitative analysis of the risk was performedby taking into consideration the exposure classes asmodeled databases and the land price as a primaryalphanumeric database using spatial analysis techniquesfor each class by means of the attribute table. The spatialresults highlight the territories with a high risk to presentgeomorphologic processes that have a high degree ofoccurrence and represent a useful tool in the process ofspatial planning.展开更多
文摘The unprecedented expansion of the national car ownership over the last few years has been determined by economic growth and the need for the population and economic agents to reduce travel time in progressively expanding large urban centres. This has led to an increase in the level of road noise and a stronger impact on the quality of the environment. Noise pollution generated by means of transport represents one of the most important types of pollution with negative effects on a population＇s health in large urban areas. As a consequence, tolerable limits of sound intensity for the comfort of inhabitants have been determined worldwide and the generation of sound maps has been made compulsory in order to identify the vulnerable zones and to make recommendations how to decrease the negative impact on humans. In this context, the present study aims at presenting a GIS spatial analysis model-based methodology for identifying and mapping zones vulnerable to noise pollution. The developed GIS model is based on the analysis of all the components influencing sound propagation, represented as vector databases （points of sound intensity measurements, buildings, lands use, transport infrastructure）, raster databases （DEM）, and numerical databases （wind direction and speed, sound intensity）. Secondly, the hourly changes （for representative hours） were analysed to identify the hotspots characterised by major traffic flows specific to rush hours. The validated results of the model are represented by GIS databases and useful maps for the local public administration to use as a source of information and in the process of making decisions.
文摘Maramures Land is mostly characterized byagricultural and forestry land use due to its specificconfiguration of topography and its specific pedoclimaticconditions. Taking into consideration the trend of the lastcentury from the perspective of land management, adecrease in the surface of agricultural lands to theadvantage of built-up and grass lands, as well as anaccelerated decrease in the forest cover due to uncontrolledand irrational forest exploitation, has become obvious. Thefield analysis performed on the territory of Maramures Land has highlighted a high frequency of two geomor-phologic processes - landslides and soil erosion - whichhave a major negative impact on land use due to their rateof occurrence. The main aim of the present study is the GISmodeling of the two geomorphologic processes, determin-ing a state of vulnerability （the USLE model for soilerosion and a quantitative model based on the morpho-metric characteristics of the territory, derived from the HG.447/2003） and their integration in a complex model ofcumulated vulnerability identification. The modeling of therisk exposure was performed using a quantitative approachbased on models and equations of spatial analysis, whichwere developed with modeled raster data structures andprimary vector data, through a matrix highlighting thecorrespondence between vulnerability and land useclasses. The quantitative analysis of the risk was performedby taking into consideration the exposure classes asmodeled databases and the land price as a primaryalphanumeric database using spatial analysis techniquesfor each class by means of the attribute table. The spatialresults highlight the territories with a high risk to presentgeomorphologic processes that have a high degree ofoccurrence and represent a useful tool in the process ofspatial planning.
