Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women ag...Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women aged 50 and older by an equation using fitness outcomes and its correlation with chronological age(CA) and to analyze the external validity of our results by comparing our sample to others.Methods: Participants(n=459, age: 70.3 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. We applied a multiple regression and a subsequent Holt's exponential smoothing to analyze the outcomes.Results: We obtained a statistically significant expression of F(6, 452) = 328.384; p < 0.0005 in which the coefficients of the equation explain81% of variability(R_(corrected)~2 = 0.813). The equation correlates fitness assessment in women aged 50 and over with regards to CA:FFA = 40.146 + 0.350 X CS(stand)-0.714 X AC(rep)-0.110 X ST(step)-0.177 X CSR(cm)-0.101 X BS(cm) + 8.835 X FUG(s) where CS means chair stand test, AC. means arm curl test, ST means 2-min step test, CSR means chair sit-and-reach test, BS means back scratch test, FUG means 8-foot up-and-go test. We compared this index with percentiles distribution from our sample and from other studies.Conclusion: We suggest the use of FFA as a valid indicator of fitness in adult and senior women as well as a useful motivational tool to undertake exercise programs.展开更多
A gain-of-function mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene(FGFR3)results in achondroplasia(ACH),the most frequent form of dwarfism.Constitutive activation of FGFR3 impairs bone formation and elongatio...A gain-of-function mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene(FGFR3)results in achondroplasia(ACH),the most frequent form of dwarfism.Constitutive activation of FGFR3 impairs bone formation and elongation and many signal transduction pathways.Identification of new and relevant compounds targeting the FGFR3 signaling pathway is of broad importance for the treatment of ACH,and natural plant compounds are prime drug candidate sources.Here,we found that the phenolic compound(-)-epicatechin,isolated from Theobroma cacao,effectively inhibited FGFR3’s downstream signaling pathways.Transcriptomic analysis in an Fgfr3 mouse model showed that ciliary mRNA expression was modified and influenced significantly by the Indian hedgehog and PKA pathways.(-)-Epicatechin is able to rescue mRNA expression impairments that control both the structural organization of the primary cilium and ciliogenesis-related genes.In femurs isolated from a mouse model(Fgfr3^(Y367C/+))of ACH,we showed that(-)-epicatechin eliminated bone growth impairment during 6 days of ex vivo culture.In vivo,we confirmed that daily subcutaneous injections of(-)-epicatechin to Fgfr3^(Y367C/+) mice increased bone elongation and rescued the primary cilium defects observed in chondrocytes.This modification to the primary cilia promoted the typical columnar arrangement of flat proliferative chondrocytes and thus enhanced bone elongation.The results of the present proof-of-principle study support(-)-epicatechin as a potential drug for the treatment of ACH.展开更多
Sulfonated catalysts based on zirconia (SO3</sub>H-ZrO2</sub>), silica (SO3</sub>H-SBA-15) and zeolite (SO3</sub>H-ZSM-5) were studied in the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of hemicellulose in a...Sulfonated catalysts based on zirconia (SO3</sub>H-ZrO2</sub>), silica (SO3</sub>H-SBA-15) and zeolite (SO3</sub>H-ZSM-5) were studied in the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of hemicellulose in a microwave reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques (XRD, N2</sub> physisorption at 77 K, SEM, TEM and NH3</sub>-TPD). The obtained results reveal that despite the differences in their structural and textural properties, the ZrO2</sub>, Al-SBA-15 and H-ZSM-5 supports show similar conversions. Doping supports with sulfonate species created hydrogen bonds between SO3</sub>H groups and increased the amount of weak acid sites, which enhanced the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. SO3</sub>H- ZSM-5 showed the highest catalytic activity followed by SO3</sub>H-SBA-15 while SO3</sub>H-ZrO2</sub> exhibited a poor conversion. Furthermore, the catalytic hydrolysis of the hemicellulose leads to several interesting products, such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid and xylan. The correlation between the catalytic performances and the acidic properties of the different samples indicates that the best catalytic performances were obtained with the least acidic solids and especially when the density of strong acid sites decreases.展开更多
The expansion of electronic memory capacity is having fundamental long-term effects on the way texts are produced and used,and thus on the way they are translated.Translators are increasingly working on data bases in ...The expansion of electronic memory capacity is having fundamental long-term effects on the way texts are produced and used,and thus on the way they are translated.Translators are increasingly working on data bases in non-linear ways,separated from awareness of any active communicative context.This enhances productivity and consistency but challenges more humanistic values like understanding,cooperation, and job satisfaction.In order to address these changes,teaching practices should 1)make students aware of the communicative functions of texts, particularly the ways in which particular parts of texts become high-risk in particular situations,2)teach students how to use electronic tech- nologies within such a frame,and how to teach themselves about the technologies,and 3)train students for a range of professional communica- tion jobs,incorporating both the technical sides and the various revision and editing techniques now required by the technologies.展开更多
In existing software registration schemes, the privacy of users is not taken into account and may be in the risks of abuses. In this paper, we proposed a novel software registration system which can greatly reduce una...In existing software registration schemes, the privacy of users is not taken into account and may be in the risks of abuses. In this paper, we proposed a novel software registration system which can greatly reduce unauthorized use of software while keeping the privacy of users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system that the privacy of users is guaranteed in software registration. Our system enjoys a modular design and can be implemented by any secure ID-based partially blind signature scheme. Furthermore, the proposal allows flexible registration information definition. This feature makes our scheme flexible and practical for more software registration applications.展开更多
A defensive k-alliance in a graph is a set S of vertices with the property that every vertex in S has at least k more neighbors in S than it has outside of S. A defensive k-alliance S is called global if it forms a do...A defensive k-alliance in a graph is a set S of vertices with the property that every vertex in S has at least k more neighbors in S than it has outside of S. A defensive k-alliance S is called global if it forms a dominating Set. In this paper we study the problem of partitioning the vertex set of a graph into （global） defensive k-alliances. The （global） defensive k-alliance partition number of a graph Г = （V, E）, ψkgd（F）） ψkd（F）, is defined to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V such that each set is a （global） defensive k-alliance. We obtain tight bounds on ψkd（F） and ψkgd（F） in terms of several parameters of the graph including the order, size, maximum and minimum degree, the algebraic connectivity and the isoperimetric number. Moreover, we study the close relationships that exist among partitions of F1 × F2 into （global） defensive （kl ＋ k2）-alliances and partitions of Fi into （global） defensive ki-alliances, i ∈ {1, 2}.展开更多
Objective.The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D)by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene(TCF7L2).We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interven...Objective.The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D)by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene(TCF7L2).We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on glycemic traits,body weight,or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Methods.From October 2016 to May 2018,a large collaborative analysis was performed by pooling individualparticipant data from 7 RCTs.These RCTs reported changes in glycemic control and adiposity of the variant rs7903146 after dietary/lifestyle-related interventions in overweight or obese adults.Gene treatment interaction models which used the genetic effect encoded by the allele dose and common covariates were applicable to individual participant data in all studies.Results.In the joint analysis,a total of 7 eligible RCTs were included(n=4,114).Importantly,we observed a significant effect modification of diet/lifestyle-related interventions on the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 and changes in fasting glucose.Compared with the control group,diet/lifestyle interventions were related to lower fasting glucose by-3.06(95%CI,-5.77 to-0.36)mg/dL(test for heterogeneity and overall effect:I^(2)=45:1%,p<0:05;z=2:20,p=0:028)per one copy of the TCF7L2 T risk allele.Furthermore,regardless of genetic risk,diet/lifestyle interventions were associated with lower waist circumference.However,there was no significant change for diet/lifestyle interventions in other glycemic control and adiposity traits per one copy of TCF7L2 risk allele.Conclusions.Our findings suggest that carrying the TCF7L2 T risk allele may have a modestly greater benefit for specific diet/lifestyle interventions to improve the control of fasting glucose in overweight or obese adults.展开更多
基金the Institut Municipal d'Activitats Esportives (IMAE)the Lleida City Council+1 种基金the Universidad Santo Tomas Aquino of Colombiathe National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC) for their support
文摘Background: The construction of useful and attainable indicators of fitness assessment deserves special attention in clinical practice. We aimed to construct an indicator of the functional fitness age(FFA) of women aged 50 and older by an equation using fitness outcomes and its correlation with chronological age(CA) and to analyze the external validity of our results by comparing our sample to others.Methods: Participants(n=459, age: 70.3 ± 7.9 years, mean ± SD) were evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test battery. We applied a multiple regression and a subsequent Holt's exponential smoothing to analyze the outcomes.Results: We obtained a statistically significant expression of F(6, 452) = 328.384; p < 0.0005 in which the coefficients of the equation explain81% of variability(R_(corrected)~2 = 0.813). The equation correlates fitness assessment in women aged 50 and over with regards to CA:FFA = 40.146 + 0.350 X CS(stand)-0.714 X AC(rep)-0.110 X ST(step)-0.177 X CSR(cm)-0.101 X BS(cm) + 8.835 X FUG(s) where CS means chair stand test, AC. means arm curl test, ST means 2-min step test, CSR means chair sit-and-reach test, BS means back scratch test, FUG means 8-foot up-and-go test. We compared this index with percentiles distribution from our sample and from other studies.Conclusion: We suggest the use of FFA as a valid indicator of fitness in adult and senior women as well as a useful motivational tool to undertake exercise programs.
基金This program received a state subsidy managed by the National Research Agency under the “Investments for the Future” Program bearing the reference ANR-10-IAHU-01Some of the work presented here was funded by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement 602300 (the SYBIL program (https://www.sybil-fp7.eu/) is funded by the MRC (MC_UU_000007/9))
文摘A gain-of-function mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene(FGFR3)results in achondroplasia(ACH),the most frequent form of dwarfism.Constitutive activation of FGFR3 impairs bone formation and elongation and many signal transduction pathways.Identification of new and relevant compounds targeting the FGFR3 signaling pathway is of broad importance for the treatment of ACH,and natural plant compounds are prime drug candidate sources.Here,we found that the phenolic compound(-)-epicatechin,isolated from Theobroma cacao,effectively inhibited FGFR3’s downstream signaling pathways.Transcriptomic analysis in an Fgfr3 mouse model showed that ciliary mRNA expression was modified and influenced significantly by the Indian hedgehog and PKA pathways.(-)-Epicatechin is able to rescue mRNA expression impairments that control both the structural organization of the primary cilium and ciliogenesis-related genes.In femurs isolated from a mouse model(Fgfr3^(Y367C/+))of ACH,we showed that(-)-epicatechin eliminated bone growth impairment during 6 days of ex vivo culture.In vivo,we confirmed that daily subcutaneous injections of(-)-epicatechin to Fgfr3^(Y367C/+) mice increased bone elongation and rescued the primary cilium defects observed in chondrocytes.This modification to the primary cilia promoted the typical columnar arrangement of flat proliferative chondrocytes and thus enhanced bone elongation.The results of the present proof-of-principle study support(-)-epicatechin as a potential drug for the treatment of ACH.
文摘Sulfonated catalysts based on zirconia (SO3</sub>H-ZrO2</sub>), silica (SO3</sub>H-SBA-15) and zeolite (SO3</sub>H-ZSM-5) were studied in the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of hemicellulose in a microwave reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques (XRD, N2</sub> physisorption at 77 K, SEM, TEM and NH3</sub>-TPD). The obtained results reveal that despite the differences in their structural and textural properties, the ZrO2</sub>, Al-SBA-15 and H-ZSM-5 supports show similar conversions. Doping supports with sulfonate species created hydrogen bonds between SO3</sub>H groups and increased the amount of weak acid sites, which enhanced the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. SO3</sub>H- ZSM-5 showed the highest catalytic activity followed by SO3</sub>H-SBA-15 while SO3</sub>H-ZrO2</sub> exhibited a poor conversion. Furthermore, the catalytic hydrolysis of the hemicellulose leads to several interesting products, such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid and xylan. The correlation between the catalytic performances and the acidic properties of the different samples indicates that the best catalytic performances were obtained with the least acidic solids and especially when the density of strong acid sites decreases.
文摘The expansion of electronic memory capacity is having fundamental long-term effects on the way texts are produced and used,and thus on the way they are translated.Translators are increasingly working on data bases in non-linear ways,separated from awareness of any active communicative context.This enhances productivity and consistency but challenges more humanistic values like understanding,cooperation, and job satisfaction.In order to address these changes,teaching practices should 1)make students aware of the communicative functions of texts, particularly the ways in which particular parts of texts become high-risk in particular situations,2)teach students how to use electronic tech- nologies within such a frame,and how to teach themselves about the technologies,and 3)train students for a range of professional communica- tion jobs,incorporating both the technical sides and the various revision and editing techniques now required by the technologies.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2006AA01Z442)the Spanish Government through Projects (E-AEGIS) (TSI2007- 65406-C03-01)+1 种基金(ARES) CONSOLIDER INGENIO 2010 (CSD2007- 00004)the Government of Catalonia (2005 SGR 00446)
文摘In existing software registration schemes, the privacy of users is not taken into account and may be in the risks of abuses. In this paper, we proposed a novel software registration system which can greatly reduce unauthorized use of software while keeping the privacy of users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system that the privacy of users is guaranteed in software registration. Our system enjoys a modular design and can be implemented by any secure ID-based partially blind signature scheme. Furthermore, the proposal allows flexible registration information definition. This feature makes our scheme flexible and practical for more software registration applications.
文摘A defensive k-alliance in a graph is a set S of vertices with the property that every vertex in S has at least k more neighbors in S than it has outside of S. A defensive k-alliance S is called global if it forms a dominating Set. In this paper we study the problem of partitioning the vertex set of a graph into （global） defensive k-alliances. The （global） defensive k-alliance partition number of a graph Г = （V, E）, ψkgd（F）） ψkd（F）, is defined to be the maximum number of sets in a partition of V such that each set is a （global） defensive k-alliance. We obtain tight bounds on ψkd（F） and ψkgd（F） in terms of several parameters of the graph including the order, size, maximum and minimum degree, the algebraic connectivity and the isoperimetric number. Moreover, we study the close relationships that exist among partitions of F1 × F2 into （global） defensive （kl ＋ k2）-alliances and partitions of Fi into （global） defensive ki-alliances, i ∈ {1, 2}.
文摘Objective.The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes(T2D)by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene(TCF7L2).We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of TCF7L2 rs7903146 on glycemic traits,body weight,or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Methods.From October 2016 to May 2018,a large collaborative analysis was performed by pooling individualparticipant data from 7 RCTs.These RCTs reported changes in glycemic control and adiposity of the variant rs7903146 after dietary/lifestyle-related interventions in overweight or obese adults.Gene treatment interaction models which used the genetic effect encoded by the allele dose and common covariates were applicable to individual participant data in all studies.Results.In the joint analysis,a total of 7 eligible RCTs were included(n=4,114).Importantly,we observed a significant effect modification of diet/lifestyle-related interventions on the TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 and changes in fasting glucose.Compared with the control group,diet/lifestyle interventions were related to lower fasting glucose by-3.06(95%CI,-5.77 to-0.36)mg/dL(test for heterogeneity and overall effect:I^(2)=45:1%,p<0:05;z=2:20,p=0:028)per one copy of the TCF7L2 T risk allele.Furthermore,regardless of genetic risk,diet/lifestyle interventions were associated with lower waist circumference.However,there was no significant change for diet/lifestyle interventions in other glycemic control and adiposity traits per one copy of TCF7L2 risk allele.Conclusions.Our findings suggest that carrying the TCF7L2 T risk allele may have a modestly greater benefit for specific diet/lifestyle interventions to improve the control of fasting glucose in overweight or obese adults.
