On People’s Worries about Becoming a Victim of Events or Conditions Often Blamed on Those up There

The authors study people’s worries about becoming victimized by events and conditions often blamed on“those up there”.Excessive worries are bad for people’s performance because they lead to risk avoidance and lower self-confidence.In two representative surveys conducted in Germany,it is found that victimization concerns are positively correlated with people’s gender,previous victimization,their estimated likelihood of being victimized,their fear of crime,their crime-avoidance behavior,their striving for tradition and security,and their negative attitudes toward crimes.Negative correlations are found for people’s education,their striving for universalism,and their social capital.When considering all predictors combined,people’s expected likelihood to become victimized is found to be the optimal predictor of victimization concerns.It is recommended that management concentrates on setting realistic levels of such risk estimates to avoid negative effects on people’s performance.

Inside and Outside Perspectives on the Relation of People’s Personal Values and Their Acceptance of Legal Norms

Based on a representative survey on crime prevention,this paper studies how personal values are related to persons’acceptance of legal norms(LNA).We here take a closer look at these relations than previous research.Offenses,in particular,are classified into different offense types,and the persons’ratings are studied both as observed and as individually centered data.It is found that conservation-oriented persons give higher and less differentiated badness ratings to all offenses than persons striving for hedonism and stimulation.The correlational structure of basic personal values and norm acceptance ratings for 14 different offenses,when represented via multidimensional scaling,exhibits that conservation orientation becomes a better predictor of LNA of all offense types if it is augmented by an additional value,peace of mind.When looking at centered ratings(i.e.,controlling for each person’s mean ratings),social values become the best predictors of offenses such as tax evasion,benefits fraud,or taking bribes.Statements on the impact of personal values on general norm acceptance should,therefore,be replaced with more differentiated relations on how particular values are related to people’s attitudes towards particular offenses.

Search for the doubly heavy baryon Ξ_(bc)^(+)→ decaying to J/ψΞ_(c)^(+)

A first search for the Ξ_(bc)^(+)J/ψΞ_(c)^(+) decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of 4.3(2.8) and 4.1(2.4) standard deviations at masses of 6571 and 6694 MeV/c2, respectively. Upper limits are set on the Ξ+bc baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the B+c→J/ψD+s decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, in the Ξ+bc and in the B+c rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to 20GeV/c, respectively. Upper limits are presented as a function of the Ξ+bc mass and lifetime.

Challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 malaria surveillance and response strategy in China: a qualitative study

Background:China has made great progress in malaria control over the last century and now aims to eliminate malaria by 2020.In 2012,the country launched its 1-3-7 surveillance and response strategy for malaria elimination.The strategy involves to case reporting within 1 day,case investigation within 3 days,and focus investigation and public health actions within 7 days.The aim of this study was to evaluate the challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China so far.Methods:This qualitative study was conducted in two provinces in China:Gansu province(northwestern China)and Jiangsu province(southeastern China)in 2014.Key informant interviews(n=6)and in-depth interviews(n=36)about the implementation aspects of the 1-3-7 strategy were conducted with malaria experts,health staff,laboratory practitioners,and village doctors at the provincial,city,county,township,and village levels.Results:Broad themes related to the challenges in and lessons learned during the implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy were identified according to:case reporting within 1 day,case investigation within 3 days,focus investigation within 7 days,and the overall strategy.The major challenges outlined were related to respecting the timeline of surveillance procedures,the absence of or difficulties in following guidelines on conducting focus investigations,diagnostics,and the increasing number of returning migrant workers from malaria-endemic countries.Important lessons learned revolve around the importance of continuous capacity building,supervision and motivation,quality control,information technology support,applied research,governmental commitment,and intersectoral collaboration.Conclusions:Surveillance is a key intervention in malaria elimination programs.The Chinese 1-3-7 strategy has already proven to be successful but still needs to be improved.In particular,dealing appropriately with imported malaria cases through the screening of migrant workers from malaria-endemic countries is essential for achieving and sustaining malaria elimination in China.China has perfect preconditions for successful malaria elimination provided political commitment and financial investment are guaranteed.The 1-3-7 strategy may also be considered as a model for other countries.

Multi-material multi-photon 3D laser microand nanoprinting

Three-dimensional(3D)laser micro-and nanoprinting based upon multi-photon absorption has made its way from early scientific discovery to industrial manufacturing processes,e.g.,for advanced microoptical components.However,so far,most realized 3D architectures are composed of only a single polymeric material.Here,we review 3D printing of multi-materials on the nano-and microscale.We start with material properties that have been realized,using multi-photon photoresists.Printed materials include bulk polymers,conductive polymers,metals,nanoporous polymers,silica glass,chalcogenide glasses,inorganic single crystals,natural polymers,stimuliresponsive materials,and polymer composites.Next,we review manual and automated processes achieving dissimilar material properties in a single 3D structure by sequentially photo-exposing multiple photoresists as 3D analogs of 2D multicolor printing.Instructive examples from biology,optics,mechanics,and electronics are discussed.An emerging approach–without counterpart in 2D graphical printing–prints 3D structures combining dissimilar material properties in one 3D structure by using only a single photoresist.A controlled stimulus applied during the 3D printing process defines and determines material properties on the voxel level.Change of laser power and/or wavelength,or application of quasi-static electric fields allow for the seamless manipulation of desired materials properties.

Measurement of Ξcc++ production in pp collisions at s1/2=13 TeV

The production of ■baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range 4<pT<15GeV/c and the rapidity range2.0<y<4.5.The data used in this measurement correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7fb^-1,recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2016.The ratio of the ■ production cross-section times the branching fraction of the■→∧^+cK^-π^+ π^+decay relative to the prompt ∧^+c production cross-section is found to be(2.22±0.27±0.29)×10^-4,assuming the central value of the measured lifetime,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.

■^(−)_(b)→J/ψΛK^(−)衰变中一个J/ψΛ结构的迹象与■^(−)激发态的发现

夸克和胶子组成的粒子统称强子,其中包含4个或以上组分夸克的强子被称为奇异强子.目前实验上发现的奇异强子最多包含5个夸克,称为五夸克态.对五夸克态的深入研究可以检验对强相互作用的理解.利用质心能量为7、8和13 TeV,总积分亮度9 fb^(−1)的质子-质子对撞数据,大型强子对撞机底夸克实验(LHCb)采用全谱分析的方法,研究了■^(−)_(b)→J/ψΛK^(−)衰变过程中的共振态结构.实验发现J/ψΛ系统中存在质量约为4.46 MeV/c^(2)的共振结构存在的迹象,其显著程度为3.1倍标准偏差,性质与五夸克态相符.这是实验上首次观测到包含奇异夸克的五夸克态的存在证据,为五夸克态的理论研究和后续的实验探索提供了重要的依据.除此之外,实验还精细测量了ΛK−系统中部分共振态的共振参数,精度远高于当前世界平均值,这对加深传统重子谱学的认识有着重要的意义.