应用型高校“专创融合”的逻辑思路与实践策略

创新创业与专业教育并非割裂的,将创新创业融入专业教育,不仅没有改变大学育人的根本属性,而且有助于实现创新人才的培养目标。目前,应用型高校“专创融合”虽然在理念认知、课程教学、师资队伍、协同平台等方面存在短板,但结合学校的办学定位、“专创融合”的现实发展、党和国家的政策引导,应用型高校可以以培养创新应用型人才为目标导向,通过重塑融合理念、重构课程教学、重组师资队伍、重整平台资源,促进“专创融合”教育发展。

The Impact of Social Media on Dietary Behaviors and Body Image of College Students: A Qualitative Approach

Background: The use of social media platforms for health and nutrition information has become popular among college students. Although social media made information readily accessible in different formats, nutritional misinformation promoted by influencers and non-experts caused negative impact on diet behavior and perception of body image. Previous research indicated that extensive use of social media was positively linked to disordered eating behaviors. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram that allow users to follow celebrities intensified exposure to influencers’ messages and images and resulted in negative moods and body dissatisfaction. Objective: This paper aims to explore the impact of social media on college students’ dietary behaviors and body image. Participants: 18 undergraduate students from a public university in the Southern United States were recruited through a mass email. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study of three focus groups was conducted. The focus groups were based on guiding open-ended questions. Atlas.ti was used to code and analyze the data using inductive and deductive codes. Results: Three main themes were identified. The conditions theme included elements that explain why and how social media influences the participants’ actions. The actions theme included eating behavior, physical activity, and dietary supplement intake. The consequences theme describes anticipated or actual outcomes of actions such as body image and ideal weight. Conclusions: Social media has had a negative influence on diet behaviors and a positive influence on physical activity. Evidence-based nutrition and weight management information is needed to thwart potential misinformation.

Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of urinary arsenic concentration for elementary school children in Bangladesh

Background:Arsenic(As)is a toxic element that can lead to various health issues in humans.The primary exposure to As is through the consumption of water contaminated with high As levels,particularly in Bangladesh.Previous studies have shown that urinary arsenic(UAs)concentration can reflect As exposure and metabolism in individuals.However,little is known about how other factors,such as age,sex,and socioeconomic status,may affect UAs concentrations in children.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the influence of factors such as age,sex,and socioeconomic status on UAs concentrations in children,in addition to the impact of drinking water arsenic(WAs)levels.Methods:We conducted our study on elementary school-going children aged 8-11 years from rural Araihazar in Bangladesh.We measured UAs(available for a subset of 391 children)and WAs levels and collected information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.We employed regression analysis and t-tests to analyze the data.Results:Our findings revealed that younger children(β=197.95,95%confidence interval[CI]:111.97 to 283.94),female children(β=93.95,95%CI:8.49 to 179.40),and children with less educated fathers(β=138.03,95%CI:26.47 to 249.58)had higher UAs levels,particularly when they consumed water with high As content.Conclusion:The study concludes that children's As exposure and UAs concentration may vary depending on their age,sex,and socioeconomic status.Therefore,these factors should be considered when assessing the health risks associated with As.

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

革命老区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究

革命老区在打赢脱贫攻坚战后,需要进一步巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接,但目前革命老区在这方面还存在不少障碍,主要表现为基层干部和群众内生动力不足,乡村产业衔接乡村振兴任重道远,乡村振兴人才依然匮乏,乡村产业发展建设用地捉襟见肘,以及集体经济自身造血功能薄弱等。要解决这些障碍,需要进一步加强农村基层组织建设,激发基层干部和群众的内生动力;以县域为区域布局好农业主导产业,统筹规划以县为区域的农产品加工产业园,化解农村产业发展建设用地矛盾;落实中央有关乡村振兴的人才政策并完善配套措施以吸引更多的人才加入到乡村振兴队伍中来;根据自身的资源禀赋参考借鉴条件相似且做得好的乡村振兴模式,助推革命老区的乡村振兴。

气候变暖背景下樟树食叶害虫樟巢螟分布格局预测分析

为明确樟树重要食叶害虫樟巢螟在我国的适生性,根据全国林业有害生物普查数据及相关文献资料中的最新分布数据,利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件对其当前和未来在我国的潜在地理分布进行预测,并对相关环境因子的贡献率进行分析。结果表明,所构建MaxEnt模型的AUC均值高于0.9,说明模型具有较高的预测准确性;影响樟巢螟适生区分布的主导气候变量和条件为:最暖季降水量(367.64—2222 mm)、等温性(0.16—34.80)、年平均气温(13.68—38.58℃)、最暖季平均气温(25.18—45.53℃)。MaxEnt模型预测,在当前气候条件下,樟巢螟在我国适生区位于104°—121°E,20°—35°N区域内,总面积为181.11万km 2,占国土总面积的18.87%。在未来(2041—2060年,2061—2080年)2个时期CCM4气候变化模型下rcp26和rcp452种碳排放模式,樟巢螟适生区主要位于103°—121°E,20°—40°N区域内,总面积187.79万—210.39万km 2,占国土总面积的19.56%—21.92%,发生面积与当代樟巢螟预测面积相比较有所增加,发生区逐渐向北扩张,其中高适生区增加明显,中低生区减少,低适生区增加明显。

座椅辅助阻力带运动对老年人身体功能、睡眠质量和抑郁的影响:系统评价

目的系统评价座椅辅助阻力带运动(chair-based resistance band exercise,CRBE)对长期护理机构老年人身体功能、睡眠质量和抑郁的影响。方法对AgeLine,CINAHL,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Scopus和Web of Science等数据库进行检索。检索时间为建库至2022年3月,纳入对慢性疾病老年人进行CRBE的随机对照试验研究。采用物理治疗证据数据库量表(the Physiotherapy Evidence Database,PEDro)对纳入文献进行质量评价,随机效应模型和固定效应模型用于生成集合效应量。结果共9篇文章符合纳入标准。结果显示,CRBE可促进日常生活活动(6项研究;SMD=0.30,P=0.001),肺活量(3项研究;MD=40.35,P<0.001),握力(5项研究;MD=2.17,P<0.001),上肢肌肉耐力(5项研究;MD=2.23,P=0.012),下肢肌肉耐力(4项研究;MD=1.32,P<0.001),上肢柔韧性(4项研究;MD=3.06,P=0.022),下体柔韧性(4项研究;MD=5.34,P<0.001),动态平衡(3项研究;MD=-0.35,P=0.011)、睡眠质量(2项研究;MD=-1.71,P<0.001),并减轻抑郁状况(2项研究;SMD=-0.33,P=0.035)。结论证据表明CRBE改善了长期慢性疾病老年人的身体功能参数、睡眠质量,并减轻抑郁状况。这项研究可用以敦促长期护理机构让行动不便的老年人参与体育活动。

Astragalin attenuates diabetic cataracts via inhibiting aldose reductase activity in rats

AIM:To investigate the aldose reductase(AR)inhibition capacity of astragalin(AST)against streptozoticin-induced diabetic cataracts(DCs)in rats.METHODS:Ex vivo investigations were conducted by treating the lens of a goat placed for 72h in artificial aqueous humor(AAH)of pH 7.8 at room temperature with cataract-causing substance(55 mmol/L of galactose)and in vivo studies were performed on rats via induction with streptozotocin.AST was administered at different dose levels and scrutinize for DC activity.RESULTS:In diabetic rats,AST improved the body weight,blood insulin,and glucose as well as the levels of galactitol in a dose-dependent way,other biochemical parameters i.e.inflammatory mediators and cytokines,and also suppress AR activity.The level of the antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)activity were also altered on a diabetic lens after the administration of the AST.CONCLUSION:AST protects against lens opacification to avoid cataracts and polyols formation,indicating that it could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes.

Profiling of Antifungal Activities from the Leaf Extract of Selected Apiaceae Family Plants against Aspergillus fumigates

Many ethnic plants are used as a source of traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses in both humans and animals. Developing secondary metabolites in plants with antifungal characteristics, offer alternative medications for reasonably priced and safe treatments. In the present study, methanolic, ethanolic, hexane and ethyl acetate leaves extracts of fifteen Apiaceae family plants were taken on the premise of their ethno botanical uses. The antifungal activity was assessed against significant fungal strain;Aspergillus fumigates by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Zone of inhibition compared with standard drug fluconazole. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the plants were more effective than the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts against A. fumigates. Extracts of Cuminum cyminum, Pastinca sativa, Carum carvi, Dacus carota, Centella asiatica, Anthriscus cerefolium, Trachyspermum ammi, Pimpenella anisum and Apium graveolens showed relatively low inhibition effects between 3.5 to 8.5 mm. The MIC value of extracts was determined ranging between 0.8 to 0.43 μg/ml. The extract of Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula assaefoetida, Bunium persicum, Anethum graveolens and Coriander sativum could be considered as potential source of antifungal compounds for treating diseases in humans. Conclude remarks that these six extracts show astonishing fungicidal properties that can be used to discover drugs of very high potential.

Spatial variability of soil hydraulic and physical properties in erosive sloping agricultural fields

It is essential to minimize soil quality degradation in sloping agricultural fields through stabilization and improvement of soil hydraulic properties using sustainable soil management.This study aimed to analyze the impact of different tillage practices,including conventional tillage(CT),minimum tillage(MT),and zero tillage(ZT),on soil hydraulic conductivity in a sloping agricultural field under maizeewheat rotation.The results showed that the highest runoff volume(257.40 m3),runoff coefficient(42.84%),and soil loss(11.3 t)were observed when the CT treatment was applied.In contrast,the lowest runoff volume(67.95 m3),runoff coefficient(11.35%),and soil loss(1.05 t)were observed when the ZT treatment was adopted.The soil organic carbon and aggregate mean weight diameter were found to be significantly greater(with mean values of 0.79%and 1.19 mm,respectively)with the ZT treatment than with the CT treatment.With the tilled treatments(CT and MT),substantial changes in the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity(ks),near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity(k),and water-conducting porosity(ε)were observed between two crop seasons.These three soil parameters were significantly higher in the period after maize harvesting than in the wheat growing period.In contrast,no significant difference in these soil parameters was found when the untilled treatment(ZT)was carried out.With regard to the slope positions,ks,k,andεshowed different behaviors under different treatments.The toe slope position showed significantly lower ks andεvalues than the summit and middle slope positions.Of the evaluated tillage practices,ZT was found to be the most promising means to improve the soil hydro-physical properties and effectively reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.

Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Differentially Expressed Homologous Genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides under Normal and Simulated Microgravity Conditions

The term “microgravity” is used to describe the “weightlessness” or “zero-g” circumstances that can only be found in space beyond earth’s atmosphere. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a gram-negative purple phototroph, used as a model organism for this study due to its genomic complexity and metabolic versatility. Its genome has been completely sequenced, and profiles of the differential gene expression under aerobic, semi-aerobic, and photosynthetic conditions were examined. In this study, we hypothesized that R. sphaeroides will show altered growth characteristics, morphological properties, and gene expression patterns when grown under simulated microgravity. To test that, we measured the optical density and colony-forming units of cell cultures grown under both microgravity and normal gravity conditions. Differences in the cell morphology were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images by measuring the length and the surface area of the cells under both conditions. Furthermore, we also identified homologous genes of R. spheroides using the differential gene expression study of Acidovorax under microgravity in our laboratory. Growth kinetics results showed that R. sphaeroides cells grown under microgravity experience a shorter log phase and early stationary phase compared to the cells growing under normal gravity conditions. The length and surface area of the cells under microgravity were significantly higher confirming that bacterial cells experience altered morphological features when grown under microgravity conditions. Differentially expressed homologous gene analysis indicated that genes coding for several COG and GO functions, such as metabolism, signal-transduction, transcription, translation, chemotaxis, and cell motility are differentially expressed to adapt and survive microgravity.

埃克替尼联合常规化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨埃克替尼联合常规化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果及对改善免疫功能的作用。方法选取2019年6月—2022年12月三明市第一医院收治的晚期非小细胞肺癌76例患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方案不同分为研究组37例采用埃克替尼联合常规化疗,对照组37例采用常规。比较两组临床效果、用药前后的免疫功能及肿瘤标志物改善情况。结果研究组客观有效率(62.16%)及疾病控制率(89.19%)均高于对照组的43.24%、69.70%,两组疾病控制率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组用药后CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于用药前,CD8^(+)均低于用药前,且研究组改善更显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药后研究组癌胚抗原(27.52±2.39)ng/mL、细胞角蛋白19的可溶性片段(3.52±0.63)ng/mL,对照组癌胚抗原(32.83±2.86)ng/mL、角蛋白19的可溶性片段(4.27±0.79)ng/mL水平均低于用药前,且研究组下降趋势更显著,差异有统计学意义(t=8.666、4.515,P<0.05)。结论埃克替尼联合常规化疗有助于改善晚期非小细胞肺癌的免疫功能,减低肿瘤标志物水平,从而提高整体治疗效果。

A Decisive Study on Dielectric Response of Bi2O3/Polystyrene &Bi2O3/PVDF Composite as Flexible Electrodes for Energy Storage

In this manuscript a comparative study on Bi2O3/polystyrene and Bi2O3/PVDF composites has been executed via analysis of structural, bonding, surface morphology and dielectric response of composites for energy storage. The composites have been synthesized using solution cast method by varying concentrations of Bi2O3 (BO = 1 - 5 mw%) into polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers respectively. X-ray diffraction confirms the generation of crystallinity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirms bonding behavior and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms uniform distribution of Bi2O3 (BO) in PS and PVDF polymers. Impedance spectroscopy has been employed for determination of dielectric response of the fabricated composites. The dielectric constant has been found to be increased as 1.4 times of pristine PS to BO5%PS95% composites and 1.8 times of pristine PVDF to BO5%PVDF95% composites respectively. These high dielectric composite electrodes are useful for flexible energy storage devices.

Effects of hydrogel-encapsulated bacteria on the healing efficiency and compressive strength of concrete

Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation is a promising technology for self-healing concrete due to its capability to seal microcracks.The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding hydrogelencapsulated bacteria on the compressive strength and the self-healing efficiency of concrete.To achieve this objective,12 sets of mortar samples were prepared,including three different mineral precursors(magnesium acetate,calcium lactate,and sodium lactate),at two concentrations(67.76 and 75.00 mM/L),and under two different biological conditions(with and without bacteria).In addition,a set of plain mortar samples was prepared to serve as a control.For each sample set,three mortar cubes and three beams were prepared and subjected to compression and flexural strength tests.From the compression tests,it was found that the sample containing calcium lactate along with yeast extract and bacteria displayed the best results.As for the flexural tests,once cracked,the beams were subjected to 28 d of wet/dry cycles(16 h of water immersion and 8 h of drying),where the bottom crack width was monitored(at 0,3,7,14,28 d of wet/dry cycles).Once the sample with the highest healing efficiency was identified(the one containing calcium lactate and hydrogel-encapsulated bacteria),the study was scaled up to concrete specimens.Two sets of concrete cylinders(consisting of three control samples and three samples with bacteria along with calcium lactate)were tested under compression in order to evaluate the effect of the bacteria-precursor combination on the concrete mechanical properties.The samples that yielded the greatest compressive strength were the ones containing calcium lactate and bacteria,displaying an improvement of 17%as compared to the control specimen.Furthermore,a flexural strength recovery analysis was performed on the concrete specimens revealing that the control showed better flexural strength recovery than the bacteriacontaining variant(41.5%vs.26.1%)after 28 d of wet/dry cycles.A healing efficiency analysis was also performed on the cracked samples,revealing that the control displayed the best results.These results are due to the fact that the control specimen showed a narrower crack width in comparison to the bacteria-containing samples.

Curl Constraint-Preserving Reconstruction and the Guidance it Gives for Mimetic Scheme Design

Several important PDE systems,like magnetohydrodynamics and computational electrodynamics,are known to support involutions where the divergence of a vector field evolves in divergence-free or divergence constraint-preserving fashion.Recently,new classes of PDE systems have emerged for hyperelasticity,compressible multiphase flows,so-called firstorder reductions of the Einstein field equations,or a novel first-order hyperbolic reformulation of Schrödinger’s equation,to name a few,where the involution in the PDE supports curl-free or curl constraint-preserving evolution of a vector field.We study the problem of curl constraint-preserving reconstruction as it pertains to the design of mimetic finite volume(FV)WENO-like schemes for PDEs that support a curl-preserving involution.(Some insights into discontinuous Galerkin(DG)schemes are also drawn,though that is not the prime focus of this paper.)This is done for two-and three-dimensional structured mesh problems where we deliver closed form expressions for the reconstruction.The importance of multidimensional Riemann solvers in facilitating the design of such schemes is also documented.In two dimensions,a von Neumann analysis of structure-preserving WENOlike schemes that mimetically satisfy the curl constraints,is also presented.It shows the tremendous value of higher order WENO-like schemes in minimizing dissipation and dispersion for this class of problems.Numerical results are also presented to show that the edge-centered curl-preserving(ECCP)schemes meet their design accuracy.This paper is the first paper that invents non-linearly hybridized curl-preserving reconstruction and integrates it with higher order Godunov philosophy.By its very design,this paper is,therefore,intended to be forward-looking and to set the stage for future work on curl involution-constrained PDEs.

Indonesian marine and its medicinal contribution

The archipelagic country of Indonesia is populated by the densest marine biodiversity in the world which has created strong global interest and is valued by both Indigenous and European settlements for different purposes.Nearly 1000 chemicals have been extracted and identified.In this review,a systematic data curation was employed to collate bioprospecting related manuscripts providing a comprehensive directory based on publications from 1988 to 2022.Findings with significant pharmacological activities are further discussed through a scoping data collection.This review discusses macroorganisms(Sponges,Ascidian,Gorgonians,Algae,Mangrove)and microorganism(Bacteria and Fungi)and highlights significant discoveries,including a potent microtubule stabilizer laulimalide from Hyattella sp.,a prospective doxorubicin complement papuamine alkaloid from Neopetrosia cf exigua,potent antiplasmodial manzamine A from Acanthostrongylophora ingens,the highly potent anti trypanosomal manadoperoxide B from Plakortis cfr.Simplex,mRNA translation disrupter hippuristanol from Briareum sp,and the anti-HIV-1(+)-8-hydroxymanzamine A isolated from Acanthostrongylophora sp.Further,some potent antibacterial extracts were also found from a limited biomass of bacteria cultures.Although there are currently no examples of commercial drugs from the Indonesian marine environment,this review shows the molecular diversity present and with the known understudied biodiversity,reveals great promise for future studies and outcomes.

内存取证研究与进展

网络攻击内存化和网络犯罪隐遁化,使部分关键数字证据只存在于物理内存或暂存于页面交换文件中,这使得传统的基于文件系统的计算机取证不能有效应对.内存取证作为传统文件系统取证的重要补充,是计算机取证科学的重要组成部分,通过全面获取内存数据、详尽分析内存数据,并在此基础上提取与网络攻击或网络犯罪相关的数字证据,近年来,内存取证已赢得安全社区的持续关注,获得了长足的发展与广泛应用,在网络应急响应和网络犯罪调查中发挥着不可替代的作用.首先回顾了内存取证研究的起源和发展演化过程;其次介绍了操作系统内存管理关键机制;然后探讨了内存取证的数据获取和分析方法,归纳总结目前内存取证研究的最新技术;最后讨论了内存取证存在的问题、发展趋势和进一步的研究方向.

基于危险理论的APT攻击实时响应模型

针对当前破坏性极大的APT(advanced persistent threat,高级持续性威胁)攻击威胁,提出一种基于免疫危险理论的APT攻击实时响应模型。定义了网络活动中的自体、非自体、危险抗原、危险信号、抗原提呈细胞(特征提取器)、免疫细胞(特征识别器),使用危险信号浓度来实时定量计算抗原危险性,并在此基础上建立了抗原提呈细胞、免疫细胞和抗原基因库动态演化方程。理论分析与实验结果表明,提出的模型有效克服了抗原危险性难以实时定量计算的问题,且对于APT攻击抗原的检测较传统方法有更好的适应性。

自保温再生混凝土砌块砌体抗剪性能数值模拟

为探讨研制的自保温再生混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪性能,选取10.6 MPa和4.5 MPa两种强度砌块及15 MPa、7.5 MPa和5.0 MPa三种强度砂浆,分析了不同材料在ABAQUS数值模拟中本构模型和相应参数的选取,进行了不同强度的砌块与砂浆组合砌筑砌体抗剪性能的数值模拟分析.结果表明:砌块和砂浆的强度较为一致时,有利于砌体发挥较好的受剪性能;单独提高砌块或砂浆的强度,对砌体受剪性能的提升效果有限;但砂浆强度高时,砌体受剪破坏后仍能保持较高的残余应力;砂浆强度过低时,砌体受剪性也随之急剧降低.

基于免疫和代码重定位的计算机病毒特征码提取与检测方法

针对当前感染率高、威胁性极大的感染型计算机病毒,提出了一种基于免疫和代码重定位的计算机病毒特征码提取与检测方法.借鉴生物免疫系统机理,定义了计算机系统中的自体、非自体、抗体、病毒检测器、病毒基因等免疫概念,利用感染型病毒独特的代码重定位特性来提取病毒基因、构建病毒基因库,并在此基础上建立了自体/非自体、病毒基因库和病毒检测器动态演化模型.理论分析与实验结果表明,本方法有效克服了传统方法存在的自体集完备性问题和病毒检测器抗体完整性问题,因而比传统方法有更好的效率与适应性.