Analysis of China's Petroleum Import and Export

Since the1990s,China has become a net importer of petroleum(including crude and refined oil).The new century has seen the country more dependent upon imported oil at a higher price.This has drew attention both from abroad and domestic.This article tries to analyze the factors that affect the volume of import,the influence of import upon the economy development and energy security and deal with issues

Near- and Mid-term Development of Natural Gas Market in China

Economy growth in China is expected to slow down a little during the 13 th Five-Year-Plan period. So will the domestic gas demand and supply market, which may be quite different from that of the 11 th and 12 th Five-Year-Plan periods. The paper summarized the state quo of gas supply and demand in the country and analyzed factors that may affect the demand and supply balance in the new period. It is proposed that there will be many uncertainties in achieving supply and demand goals of gas set for the period, and gas glut is also very possible during the time. To deal with the problem, it is suggested that several measures be taken nationwide: improving utilization of gas in several sectors, straightening and optimizing the pricing mechanism, speeding up construction of infrastructures, implementing relevant policies and boosting up supervision and monitor of the industry.

Analysis of China's Petroleum Import and Export

(from No.4, 2012 )Countermeasures for more oil and gas imports China’s imports of oil and gas may both take the lead in the world A rapid increase of petroleum consumption in China is almost inevitable and any attempt to slow the pace would sure face difficulties. According to BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy, the crude

Sinopec-a Warm Hand Pushing Forward the Geothermal Energy Utilization in China

On 4th July,2022,a campaign for boosting the acceptance of geothermal energy utilization among the public was co-sponsored by the China Association for Science and Technology and SINOPEC,one of the three state-owned oil majors in China.The campaign marks the very first geothermal energy exhibition in the country.

Characteristics and prospect of geothermal industry in China under the“dual carbon”target

Geothermal energy utilization in China had been promoted actively during the 13^(th)Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),with resultant achievements showing unique Chinese characteristics.Buildings(measured by areas)heated/cooled by intermediate-to-deep geothermal energy increased more rapidly than those by shallow geothermal energy.Geothermal power generation was restricted by the distribution of the resource and the sufficiency of local power supply.With the proposition of“dual carbon goal”by the central government of China and the coming era of great development of renewable energy,geothermal energy will be provided more development opportunities in room heating/cooling and power generation in the country ever than before.However,tackling technology bottlenecks and introduction of appropriate policy support are still urgently needed for nurturing a healthy environment for geothermal industry.Analysis suggests that a near-to medium-term development of geothermal energy shall be focused on a comprehensive and efficient utilization both through heating/cooling and power generation.Room heating/cooling by intermediate-to-deep and shallow geothermal energy shall be promoted nationwide according to local resource endowment and economic conditions.Geothermal power generation in Yunnan and Tibet shall be pushed forward in an orderly way.For medium-and long-term development,focus shall be put on power generation by using low to medium temperature geothermal energy and hot dry rocks.The"hot spring+"model shall be adapted in steps on a regular basis.To achieve these,measures including attaching importance to tackling key technologies,promoting standards for geothermal energy development and utilization,strengthening geothermal energy exploration and evaluation,and seeking for necessary policy support shall be taken.

Biodegradation of occluded hydrocarbons and kerogen macromolecules of the Permian Lucaogou shales,Junggar Basin,NW China

Three kerogen samples(JJZG-1,JJZG-2 and JJZG-3)isolated from the Permian Lucaogou shales of varying biodegradation levels(BLs≈0,3 and 7,respectively)were subjected to sequential stepwise pyrolysis combined with on-line detection of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Occluded fractions(bitumenⅡ)released at low-temperature steps(≥410℃)show consistent biodegradative signatures with that reported for solvent-extracted fractions(bitumenⅠ)of the original shales,e.g.,broad range of abundant n-alkanes,isoprenoids and regular hopanes for the non-biodegraded JJZG-1;trace n-alkanes and abundant hopanes for the moderately biodegraded JJZG-2;and no n-alkanes but still prominent hopanes including the microbially produced 25-nohopanes for the severely biodegraded JJZG-3.This consistency between bitumenⅡand bitumenⅠfractions indicates the biodegradability of the kerogenoccluded bitumenⅡwith limited protection from host kerogen.A minor level of protection was suggested by the trace distribution of n-alkanes in the bitumenⅡof JJZG-2,whereas the bitumenⅠhad no nalkanes.The kerogen itself was more resistant to biodegradation as reflected by the persistence of high abundances of both n-alkanes and hopanes in the high temperature(≥460℃)products of all three kerogen samples.However,the relative abundances of these product groups did show some evidence of biodegradation alteration,e.g.,ratios of n-C_(15)alkene/C_(27)hop-17(21)-ene at 510℃pyrolysis decreased by order of magnitude from the non-biodegraded(JJZG-1=27.4)to highly biodegraded(0.3 for JJZG-3)samples.The reduced biodegradation impact on the kerogen fraction(Cf.bitumen fractions)was also evident by the absence of 25-norhopanes in the high-temperature analysis of the JJZG-3 kerogen.

Remaining oil distribution characteristics in an oil reservoir with ultra-high water-cut

An accurate mapping and understanding of remaining oil distribution is very important for water control and stabilize oil production of mature oilfields in ultra-high water-cut stage.Currently,the Tuo-21 Fault Block of the Shengtuo Oilfield has entered the stage of ultra-high water cut(97.2%).Poor adaptability of the well pattern,ineffective water injection cycle and low efficiency of engineering measures(such as workover,re-perforation and utilization of high-capacity pumps)are the significant problems in the ultra-high water-cut reservoir.In order to accurately describe the oil and water flow characteristics,relative permeability curves at high water injection multiple(injected pore volume)and a semiquantitative method is applied to perform fine reservoir simulation of the Sand group 3e7 in the Block.An accurate reservoir model is built and history matching is performed.The distribution characteristics of remaining oil in lateral and vertical directions are quantitatively simulated and analyzed.The results show that the numerical simulation considering relative permeability at high injection multiple can reflect truly the remaining oil distribution characteristics after water flooding in an ultrahigh water-cut stage.The distribution of remaining oil saturation can be mapped more accurately and quantitatively by using the‘four-points and five-types’classification method,providing a basis for potential tapping of various remaining oil types of oil reservoirs in late-stage of development with high water-cut.

Cenozoic Magmatism and Tectonic Framework of Western Yunnan,China：Constrained from Geochemistry,Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopes and Fission Track Dating

Western Yunnan is composed of several extruded continental microblocks that were generated by the oblique collision between the Indian and Asian continents during the Cenozoic.In this study,the magmatic and tectonic frameworks of western Yunnan in the Cenozoic were analyzed based on geochemistry,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes,and apatite/zircon fission track dating.Magmatism during the Cenozoic in western Yunnan was then divided into three distinctive episodes：alkali granite rocks produced from 55 to 46 Ma were derived from the anatexis of crustal materials;bimodal igneous rocks formed between 37 and 24 Ma were possibly derived from an EMII mantle with a contribution from continental materials;and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks produced in the Tengchong microblocks since-16 Ma are considered to be generated by the partial melting of the upper mantle that was induced by the pulling apart of the dextral Gaoligong strike-slip fault system.Moreover,fission track analysis of apatite and zircon indicates that the regional crustal uplift in western Yunnan possibly began at -34 Ma,with accelerated annealing occurring at -24 Ma,-13 Ma,and -4 Ma.During the past24 Ma,the average denudation rate was -0.32 mm/yr for the faulted block controlled by the Chongshan-Lancang River fault.However,crustal uplift has been relatively gentle in places lacking influence from strike-slip shear zones,with an average denudation rate of-0.2 mm/yr.Combined with strike-slip shear and block rotation in the Cenozoic,the tectonic evolution of western Yunnan since -45Ma can thus be divided into four stages occurring at 45-37 Ma,37-24 Ma,24-13 Ma,and 13-0 Ma.

Management Mode and Application of Geoscience-Engineering Integration

1.Introduction With the further development of oil and gas exploration,unconventional oil and gas reservoirs,deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs,and tight oil and gas reservoirs are becoming the main development goals.However,reservoir conditions are becoming increasingly complex and inferior in quality,causing both the difficulties and the cost of exploration and development to escalate.

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S.With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques,the U.S.,the world’s No.1 oil importer even started to dream about energy selfsufficiency with its proudly high production of shale

Application of Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration in rugged seabed

Strong fluctuation of seabed,abrupt variation in depth and dip of seabed bring seismic imaging problems,such as irregular reflection waves,obvious multiple waves,serious lateral wave development,poor imaging on base surface and depression structure,low signal-to-noise ratio of middle and deep layers.In this paper,Gaussian beam migration imaging method is used to analyze the imaging effect of rugged seabed in deep water area,and the ray tracing method of wavefront construction method is used to analyze the kinematic characteristics of seismic waves.By improving the design of seismic data acquisition and observation system,imaging quality of fine structures is improved.

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to

Analysis of lithofacies and evaluation of effective reservoirs of member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area in Western Sichuan

In the Xinchang area in western Sichuan Basin,a total of 121.12 billion cubic meters of proved reserves of natural gas are discovered in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation,but only 7.739 billion cubic meters of proved reserves of natural gas are produced.The main reason is that sandstones in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area are generally tight,with strong heterogeneity,only intervals with relatively good physical properties have a certain production capacity;therefore,it is very necessary and important to evaluate effective reservoirs in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation.Through analysis of cores,with consideration of color,sedimentary texture and grain size,lithofacies of Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area can be divided into 12 types.According to data of physical properties and thin section analysis,it can be concluded that the favorable lithofacies in the upper submember of Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation are the massive medium-coarse sandstone,the medium-coarse sandstone with cross bedding,and the medium-coarse sandstone with carbonaceous fragments.On the basis of electrical characteristics,well-logging interpretation standards for favorable lithofacies are established,in addition,favorable lithofacies and effective reservoir in the Xinchang area are determined,and distribution of favorable lithofacies(effective reservoir)is identified,which lay a solid foundation for next deployment of appraisal well and development of effective reserves.

Distribution prediction of the glutenite in Member 3 of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area,northern Sichuan Basin

Although the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area of northern Sichuan has a large amount of resources,the proportion of proved reserves to the amount of resources is low.Production of most of the pilot production wells is high at the initial stage,but it declines rapidly,mainly due to tight rock properties and strong heterogeneity of Xujiahe Formation.Thus,it is important to investigate the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.The Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation develops sandstone interbedded with mudstone,and its lateral thickness of different sandstone groups varies greatly,so it is a challenge to identify appropriate time windows for seismic attribute analysis,thus,so the prediction effect of the glutenite in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation.In this study,through analysis of core data and logging facies,single-well sedimentary microfacies subdivision is carried out.Single-well lithological interpretation is also studied with application of lithological identification technique.Then,lithological associations and its seismic responses at the top and bottom interfaces of each sandstone group in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation are well investigated,The lithological association with the glutenite above and the mudstone below the stratigraphic interface respectively,corresponds to a trough in seismic profiles;in this case,when extracting the seismic attributes of sandstone groups above the stratigraphic interface,only the difference of between drilling horizons and seismic horizons needs to be considered.The lithological association with the mudstone above and glutenite below the stratigraphic interface respectively,corresponds to a peak in seismic profiles;in this case,when extracting the seismic attributes of sandstone groups above the stratigraphic interface,influence of which should be eliminated;thus,a method of time window determination for seismic attribute extraction is established.Among amplitude,frequency,and phase attributes,the total peak energy has the good correlation with thickness of the glutenite at well sites and it also can reflect the distribution of distributary channels well.The results show that belt-like glutenite in each sandstone group in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation extends in a NW-SE direction and thins out toward the southeast,and the distribution of glutenite has certain inheritance in the longitudinal direction,the glutenite in the third sandstone group in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation(TX33)and the first sandstone group in the Member 3 of Xujiahe Formation(TX31)are both developed.