We review the development of High Energy Density Physics(HEDP)with intense heavy ion beams as a tool to induce extreme states of matter.The development of this field connects intimately to the advances in accelerator ...We review the development of High Energy Density Physics(HEDP)with intense heavy ion beams as a tool to induce extreme states of matter.The development of this field connects intimately to the advances in accelerator physics and technology.We will cover the generation of intense heavy ion beams starting from the ion source and follow the acceleration process and transport to the target.Intensity limitations and potential solutions to overcome these limitations are discussed.This is exemplified by citing examples from existing machines at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI-Darmstadt),the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow(ITEP-Moscow),and the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP-Lanzhou).Facilities under construction like the FAIR facility in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility(HIAF),proposed for China will be included.Developments elsewhere are covered where it seems appropriate along with a report of recent results and achievements.展开更多
Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power system...Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power systems. Moreover, currently in the developing countries, there are no highly skilled personnel to provide construction and reliable and safe operation of the nuclear plants, which are complex and potentially hazardous systems. In some countries, the level of terroristic threat is extremely high. For that reason, there are specific requirements to the nuclear PSs intended for use in the developing countries. In the presented report, the specific requirements which must be met by the NPT proposed for use in developing countries are formulated, basic statements of the SVBR-100 concept are presented, design and principal scheme of the reactor fa-ility are described, major characteristics of SVBR-100 are summarized.展开更多
Aloe dichotoma (Quiver tree) occurs in the arid regions of Namaqualand and Bushman land in South Africa, and in arid regions of southern Namibia. The Quiver trees are not only threatened by agricultural expansion, ove...Aloe dichotoma (Quiver tree) occurs in the arid regions of Namaqualand and Bushman land in South Africa, and in arid regions of southern Namibia. The Quiver trees are not only threatened by agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and mining;but also by climate changes and droughts. Previous studies show that Quiver trees are very sensitive to environmental changes, and do not respond well to extreme hot and dry conditions. This study investigates the current status of the Quiver tree within its existing environment, and also assesses the projected future changes of the Quiver tree habitat under different climatic scenarios. It provided evidence regarding the importance of the study to understanding the climate change impacts on the Quiver tree and its geographical response to climate changes.展开更多
基金support of the German BMBF is acknowledged for many supporting grants for PRIOR,cryo-target development,beam diagnostics and material properties researchthe support of DFGRFBR(German Science Foundation-Russian Foundation of Basic Research)+1 种基金the Russian grant of Scientific school НШ-5814.2014.2 is acknowledgedgrateful for funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China NSFC grants Nos.:U1532263,11505248,11375034,11205225,11275241,and 11275238.
文摘We review the development of High Energy Density Physics(HEDP)with intense heavy ion beams as a tool to induce extreme states of matter.The development of this field connects intimately to the advances in accelerator physics and technology.We will cover the generation of intense heavy ion beams starting from the ion source and follow the acceleration process and transport to the target.Intensity limitations and potential solutions to overcome these limitations are discussed.This is exemplified by citing examples from existing machines at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung(GSI-Darmstadt),the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow(ITEP-Moscow),and the Institute of Modern Physics(IMP-Lanzhou).Facilities under construction like the FAIR facility in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility(HIAF),proposed for China will be included.Developments elsewhere are covered where it seems appropriate along with a report of recent results and achievements.
文摘Many developing countries need ecologically clean power sources (PS). The nuclear power plants are such sources. However, a great number of the developing countries do not possess developed large capacity power systems. Moreover, currently in the developing countries, there are no highly skilled personnel to provide construction and reliable and safe operation of the nuclear plants, which are complex and potentially hazardous systems. In some countries, the level of terroristic threat is extremely high. For that reason, there are specific requirements to the nuclear PSs intended for use in the developing countries. In the presented report, the specific requirements which must be met by the NPT proposed for use in developing countries are formulated, basic statements of the SVBR-100 concept are presented, design and principal scheme of the reactor fa-ility are described, major characteristics of SVBR-100 are summarized.
文摘Aloe dichotoma (Quiver tree) occurs in the arid regions of Namaqualand and Bushman land in South Africa, and in arid regions of southern Namibia. The Quiver trees are not only threatened by agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and mining;but also by climate changes and droughts. Previous studies show that Quiver trees are very sensitive to environmental changes, and do not respond well to extreme hot and dry conditions. This study investigates the current status of the Quiver tree within its existing environment, and also assesses the projected future changes of the Quiver tree habitat under different climatic scenarios. It provided evidence regarding the importance of the study to understanding the climate change impacts on the Quiver tree and its geographical response to climate changes.
