Small mixer impeller design is not tailored for granulation because impellers are intended for a wide range of processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performances of several impellers to provide guida...Small mixer impeller design is not tailored for granulation because impellers are intended for a wide range of processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performances of several impellers to provide guidance on the selection and design for the purposes of granulation. Lactose granules were produced using wet granulation with water as a binder. A Kenwood KM070 mixer was used as a standard apparatus and five impeller designs with different shapes and surface areas were used. The efficacy of granulate for- mation was measured by adding an optically sensitive tracer to determine variations in active ingredient content across random samples of granules from the same size classes. It was found that impeller design influenced the homogeneity of the granules and therefore can affect final product performance. The vari- ation in active ingredient content across granules of differing size was also investigated. The results show that small granules were more potent than larger granules,展开更多
In their study“Pancreatic Enucleation Patients Share the Same Quality of Life as the General Population at Long-Term Follow-Up”,Giuliani et al.(1)assess short-and long-term outcomes including quality of life after p...In their study“Pancreatic Enucleation Patients Share the Same Quality of Life as the General Population at Long-Term Follow-Up”,Giuliani et al.(1)assess short-and long-term outcomes including quality of life after pancreatic enucleation(PE).PE aims to preserve endocrine and exocrine function while ensuring surgical ablation of a presumed benign pancreatic tumor(neuroendocrine tumors,mucinous cystadenoma,serous cystadenoma,branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and solid pseudopapillary tumors).展开更多
INTRODUCTION There are billions of piezoelectric sensors globally in our vehicles,consumer electronics,medical devices,advanced scientific equipment,fuel gauges,and structural health monitoring units.The vast majority...INTRODUCTION There are billions of piezoelectric sensors globally in our vehicles,consumer electronics,medical devices,advanced scientific equipment,fuel gauges,and structural health monitoring units.The vast majority of these sensors contain the perovskite lead zirconium titanate(PZT).It is estimated that there is 100 g of PZT distributed across a variety of integrated sensors in every one of the 1.4 billion cars on our roads.PZT requires toxic lead oxide(PbO)during its synthesis and leaches lead into water supplies at end-of-life disposal.Lead-free alternatives are a large field of research,yet the most-touted candidates,which are also ceramic materials containing elements such as niobium,bismuth,and barium,are even more damaging to the environment(Figure 1).展开更多
While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years,highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus®,there remain se...While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years,highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus®,there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery.One such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures,which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution state.Using insulin as a model peptide,this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation pathways.Chemically denatured,deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy,reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding,chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively.Solid state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60°C and 75%relative humidity for 1,3,5 and 7 d,and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in solution.While no unfolding was observed to occur,significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were detected.Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.展开更多
文摘Small mixer impeller design is not tailored for granulation because impellers are intended for a wide range of processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performances of several impellers to provide guidance on the selection and design for the purposes of granulation. Lactose granules were produced using wet granulation with water as a binder. A Kenwood KM070 mixer was used as a standard apparatus and five impeller designs with different shapes and surface areas were used. The efficacy of granulate for- mation was measured by adding an optically sensitive tracer to determine variations in active ingredient content across random samples of granules from the same size classes. It was found that impeller design influenced the homogeneity of the granules and therefore can affect final product performance. The vari- ation in active ingredient content across granules of differing size was also investigated. The results show that small granules were more potent than larger granules,
文摘In their study“Pancreatic Enucleation Patients Share the Same Quality of Life as the General Population at Long-Term Follow-Up”,Giuliani et al.(1)assess short-and long-term outcomes including quality of life after pancreatic enucleation(PE).PE aims to preserve endocrine and exocrine function while ensuring surgical ablation of a presumed benign pancreatic tumor(neuroendocrine tumors,mucinous cystadenoma,serous cystadenoma,branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and solid pseudopapillary tumors).
基金S.G.acknowledges funding from the Science Foundation Ireland under grant number 21/PATH-S/9737 and ongoing support from the Irish Centre for High-End Computing(ICHEC).
文摘INTRODUCTION There are billions of piezoelectric sensors globally in our vehicles,consumer electronics,medical devices,advanced scientific equipment,fuel gauges,and structural health monitoring units.The vast majority of these sensors contain the perovskite lead zirconium titanate(PZT).It is estimated that there is 100 g of PZT distributed across a variety of integrated sensors in every one of the 1.4 billion cars on our roads.PZT requires toxic lead oxide(PbO)during its synthesis and leaches lead into water supplies at end-of-life disposal.Lead-free alternatives are a large field of research,yet the most-touted candidates,which are also ceramic materials containing elements such as niobium,bismuth,and barium,are even more damaging to the environment(Figure 1).
基金supported in part by a research grant from Science Foundation Ireland(SFI)and is co-funded under the European Regional Development Fund(grant numbers 12/RC/2275(P2)and 18/EPSRC-CDT/3587)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council UK(grant number EP/S023054/1).
文摘While there have been significant advances in the development of peptide oral dosage forms in recent years,highlighted by the clinical and commercial success of approved peptides such as Rybelsus®,there remain several barriers in the way of broad range applicability of this approach to peptide delivery.One such barrier includes the poor physical and chemical stability inherent to their structures,which persists in the solid state although degradation typically occurs at different rates and via different pathways in comparison to the solution state.Using insulin as a model peptide,this work sought to contribute to the development of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin degradation pathways.Chemically denatured,deamidated and aggregated samples were prepared and used to benchmark circular dichroism spectroscopy,reverse phase HPLC and size exclusion chromatography methods for the investigation of unfolding,chemical modifications and covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively.Solid state degraded samples were prepared by heating insulin powder at 60°C and 75%relative humidity for 1,3,5 and 7 d,and the degradation profiles of the samples were evaluated and compared with those observed in solution.While no unfolding was observed to occur,significant deamidation and covalent aggregation were detected.Reductive disulfide bond cleavage using dithiothreitol allowed for separation of the insulin A-and B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of deamidation and covalent aggregation occurring in the solid state.
