A Network Calculus Approach for the Analysis of Packet-switching Networks

Network calculus is an evolving new methodology for backlog and delay analysis of packet-switching networks. With network calculus we are able to compute tight bounds on delays,backlogs,and effective bandwidths in a lossless setting applicable to packet-switching networks and better understand some physical properties of networks. In this paper,the basic network calculus concepts of arrival curves and service curves are introduced.Then we provide the approach for modeling leaky-bucket,generic cell rate algorithm(GCRA),constant bit rate(CBR)flow, variable bit rate(VBR) flow with arrival curve.It is shown that all rate-based packet schedulers can be by a simple rate latency service curve.And by applying these fundamental rules of network calculus,bounds on delay, buffer,effective bandwidth for leaky bucket,GCRA,CBR and VBR can be derived and some practical examples are given.Finally,we compare all the results obtained and conclude this paper.

SW在苏州建工厂意欲深耕中国市场

日前,德国埃斯维（SW）机床有限公司在苏州工业园区举行了新工厂开业庆典活动,这是SW集团在德国以外的首家海外工厂,表明了其对中国市场的重视和立足中国的决心。这也是世界上首家多主轴高端供应商首次落户中国。埃斯维机床（苏州）有限公司总投资1750万欧元,工厂占地近18000平方米,现已具备在德国原装进口的SW裸机上完成交钥匙方案的服务,

SW水利枢纽工程水土保持措施设计

SW水利枢纽工程属于开发建设项目,在水库修建过程中水土流失是不可避免的,为有效遏制人为水土流失,减少人为活动对生态环境的破坏,对修建水库过程中产生的水土流失进行防治尤为重要。本文分析了SW水利枢纽工程特点和水土流失特性,结合项目区自然条件,从各项水土保持措施的布设来讨论如何治理水土流失。

SW苏州工厂奠基仪式隆重举行

5月12日，德国埃斯维机床有限公司（以下简称为SW公司）在苏州工业园区举行了新工厂奠基仪式，这是该公司在德国以外地区所建立的首家工厂，也是其中国本地化战略的重要步骤。

Direct Evidence of Coal Swelling and Shrinkage with Injecting CO_(2) and N_(2) Using in-situ Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography

Deep coal seams are one of the world’s most widespread deposits for carbon dioxide(C02)disposal and are generally located near large point sources of CO_(2)emissions.The injection of CO_(2)into coal seams has great potential to sequester CO_(2)while simultaneously enhancing coalbed methane(CO_(2)-ECBM)recovery.Pilot tests of CO_(2)-ECBM have been conducted in coal seams worldwide with favorable early results.However,one of the main technical barriers in coal seams needs to be resolved:Injecting CO_(2)reduces coal permeability and well injectivity.Here,using in situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography,we provide the first observational evidence that injecting nitrogen(N_(2))can reverse much of this lost permeability by reopening fractures that have closed due to coal swelling induced by CO_(2)adsorption.Our findings support the notion that injecting minimally treated flue gas-a mixture of mainly N_(2) and CO_(2)-is an attractive alternative for ECBM recovery instead of pure CO_(2)injection in deep coal seams.Firstly,flue gas produced by power plants could be directly injected after particulate removal,thus avoiding high CO_(2)-separation costs.Secondly,the presence of N_(2)makes it possible to maintain a sufficiently high level of coal permeability.These results suggest that flue-gas ECBM for deep coal seams may provide a promising path toward net-zero emissions from coal mines.

整条生产线仅有两工位需要人工--SW自动化解决方案助力施洛特拓展中国市场

自2009年开始,中国已连续七年成为全球第一大汽车产销国。来自中汽协的统计数据显示,2016年,我国汽车产销量双双突破2800万辆大关,再次创下历史新高;而在2017年前两个月,汽车产销分别完成452.9万辆和445.9万辆,比2016年同期分别增长11.1%和8.8%,总体表现良好。

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) performance under shade in multi-environment trials

Shade caused by trees or buildings can affect the quality and growth of turfgrasses.Thus,breeding for shade tolerance is an essential component of most turfgrass improvement programs.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of seashore paspalum(Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)breeding lines under shade in multi-environment trials.Germplasm sources were 20 lines from the University of Georgia seashore paspalum breeding program and two checks,the cultivars'SeaDwarf'and'SeaStar'.Field trials were conducted from 2016 to 2019 under shade structures designed to reduce ambient sunlight at three locations:Citra(FL),Tifton(GA),and Raleigh(NC).The response variables evaluated were percent living ground cover(%GC),dark green color index(DGCI),canopy height(CH)and turfgrass quality(TQ).Data were analyzed by mixed model approaches using ASReml-R,and the t-statistics were used to group the entries.Significant genetic variances were observed in the single-location-repeated-measures analysis for CH and DGCI at Citra and Tifton,%GC at Citra,and TQ at Raleigh.Spearman correlations of the predicted values for entries between locations ranged from low to moderate,with the exception of between Citra and Tifton(0.76)for CH.There were a few breeding lines with superior performance to the entry average for all traits for which the entry variance was significant.In conclusion,genetic variability was observed for all traits and superior seashore paspalum breeding lines for multiple traits were identified under shade.

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of four epibiotic ciliates(Ciliophora,Peritrichia)from farmed red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard,1852,with notes on the geographic distributions of related taxa

Aquaculture of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is an emerging farming industry in China.As shown recently,one of the most significant diseases affecting the red swamp crayfish is caused by overabundance of epibiotic peritrichs,a group of ciliated protists that are commonly found living as epibionts on aquatic animals.Nevertheless,few studies focusing on this issue have been performed.As part of a faunal study carried out in the Lake Weishan Wetland,China,four colonial sessilid peritrichs,namely Epicarchesium granulatum,Epistylis bimarginata,Epistylis semiciculus,and Zoothamnium procerius,attached to P.clarkii are documented.For each species,redescriptions and improved diagnoses are supplied.As a further aid to identification,14 new rDNA sequences of these four and a closely related species were obtained.In addition,as an aid for future studies on epibiotic ciliates,we supply a list and information about recent integrative studies that document the geographic distributions of related taxa.

Unraveling the landscape of pediatric pancreatic tumors:Insights from Japan

Pediatric pancreatic tumors,though rare,pose significant diagnostic and manage-ment challenges.The recent,22-year nationwide survey on pediatric pancreatic tumors in Japan by Makita et al offers valuable insights into this uncommon enti-ty,revealing striking geographical variations and questioning current treatment paradigms.This editorial commentary analyzes the study's key findings,inclu-ding the predominance of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms and their younger age of onset,which contrast sharply with Western data.It explores the implications for clinical practice and research,emphasizing the need for population-specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment.The revealed limited institutional expe-rience and surgical management patterns prompt a reevaluation of optimal care delivery for these complex cases,suggesting benefits of centralizing healthcare services.Furthermore,the commentary advocates for international collaborative studies to elucidate the genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors influencing the development and progression of pediatric pancreatic tumors across diverse populations.It also outlines future directions,calling for advancements in precision medicine and innovative care delivery models to improve global patient outcomes.Unraveling Makita et al's findings within the broader landscape of pediatric oncology can stimulate further research and clinical advancements in managing pancreatic and other rare tumors in children.

Global transplantation:Lessons from organ transplantation organizations worldwide

Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.

Locally Enhanced Flow and Electric Fields Through a Tip Effect for Efficient Flow‑Electrode Capacitive Deionization

Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.

Recent Advances in Fibrous Materials for Hydroelectricity Generation

Depleting fossil energy sources and conventional polluting power generation pose a threat to sustainable development.Hydroelectricity generation from ubiquitous and spontaneous phase transitions between liquid and gaseous water has been considered a promising strategy for mitigating the energy crisis.Fibrous materials with unique flexibility,processability,multifunctionality,and practicability have been widely applied for fibrous materials-based hydroelectricity generation(FHG).In this review,the power generation mechanisms,design principles,and electricity enhancement factors of FHG are first introduced.Then,the fabrication strategies and characteristics of varied constructions including 1D fiber,1D yarn,2D fabric,2D membrane,3D fibrous framework,and 3D fibrous gel are demonstrated.Afterward,the advanced functions of FHG during water harvesting,proton dissociation,ion separation,and charge accumulation processes are analyzed in detail.Moreover,the potential applications including power supply,energy storage,electrical sensor,and information expression are also discussed.Finally,some existing challenges are considered and prospects for future development are sincerely proposed.

Effects of solvent,supersaturation ratio and silica template on morphology and polymorph evolution of vanillin during swift cooling crystallization

Swift cooling crystallization of vanillin was investigated in water,ethanol,isopropanol and ethyl acetate.Morphology and polymorph evolution of vanillin were discussed in terms of solvent,supersaturation ratio and silica template.PXRD,DSC,FTIR and microscope were used to identify polymorphs of vanillin.Results showed that the nucleated polymorphs of vanillin depended largely on the solvent,supersaturation ratio and silica template.Low supersaturation ratios favor the nucleation of stable form I in water,and high supersaturation ratio exceeds 7 generating 100%metastable form II.However,if the supersaturation ratio is too high(S>8),liquid-liquid phase separation will occur,and no crystals could be obtained.In other solvents such as ethanol,isopropanol and ethyl acetate,only form I was obtained.However,it should be noted that the morphology of form I prepared in ethanol,isopropanol and ethyl acetate is distinct from that obtained in water,the former is flake-like and the latter is rod-like.The nucleation of vanillin from different solution was also studied with the presence of SiO_(2),SiO_(2)-NH_(2)and SiO_(2)−COOH templates,which did not change the nucleated polymorph of vanillin,but changed the nucleation and growth rate of stable form I.

On-chip structure-switching aptamer-modified magnetic nanobeads for the continuous monitoring of interferon-gamma ex vivo

Cytokines are cell signaling molecules that indicate the health status of the body.In this study,we developed a microfluidic device integrated with structure-switching aptamers capable of continuously tracking the concentration of the cytokine interferon gamma(IFN-γ)in cell culture medium and blood serum.First,a ferrocene(Fc)-labeled structure-switching signaling aptamer with a hairpin structure targeting IFN-γwas immobilized on magnetic nanobeads by the strongest noncovalent interactions between streptavidin and biotin.The aptamer-modified magnetic nanobeads were trapped on a customized microfluidic chip by a magnetic field to form the sensing interface.The binding of IFN-γcould trigger the hairpin structure of the aptamer to unfold,pushing Fc redox molecules away from the sensing interface and consequently switching off the electrochemical signal.The change in the redox current of Fc was quantitatively related to the concentration of IFN-γin a linear range of 10–500 pg mL^(−1)and with the lowest detection limit of 6 pgmL^(−1).This microfluidic device was specific to IFN-γin the presence of overabundant serum proteins and allowed the continuous monitoring of IFN-γwithout adding exogenous reagents.It provided a universal point-of-care biosensing platform for the real-time detection of a spectrum of analytes.

基于自产热和外传热的锂离子电池热学模型参数辨识方法

锂离子电池热学模型参数(热容和热阻)的准确辨识对电池热电耦合建模及状态参数估计至关重要。然而传统测量方法成本高且测试周期长,如何利用充放电工况结合产热和传热机理研究快速热参数辨识方法具有重要意义。以8A×h软包锂离子电池为研究对象,建立分布式热路模型;设计双向脉冲工况实验,采用自适应粒子群算法(APSO)进行辨识;同时采用其他工况进行验证,实验和仿真温度误差小于0.1℃。另外,将热容和热阻转换为比热容和导热系数,并与其他文献中同类电池的参数进行比对,量级接近。研究结果表明,该方法可以有效解决层叠式软包锂离子电池热学模型参数辨识难的问题,且简便易行、成本低。

Collaborative Defense with Multiple USVs and UAVs Based on Swarm Intelligence

Modern defense systems are developing towards systematization.intellectualization and automation,which include the collaborative defense system on the sea between multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).UAVs can fly in high altitude and collect marine environment information on patrolling.Furthermore,UAVs can plan defense paths for USVs to intercept intruders with full-assignment or reassignment strategies aiming at maximum overall benefits.Thus,we propose dynamic overlay reconnaissance algor计hm based on genetic idea(GI-DORA)to solve the problem of multi-UAV multi-station reconnaissance.Moreover,we develop continuous particle swarm optimization based on obstaele dimension(OD-CPSO)to optimize defense path of USVs to intercept intruders.In addition,under the designed defense constraints,we propose dispersed particle swarm optimization based on mutation and crossover(MC-DPSO)and real-time batch assignment algorithm(RTBA)in emergency for formulating combat defense mission assignment strategy in different scenarios.Finally,we illus trate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed met hods.

市场环境下智能配用电系统分层协同优化运行:研究挑战、进展与展望

随着分布式资源在配电网中的比例不断提高,如何在市场化交易机制下实现配用电系统安全经济运行成为当下的研究热点。在市场环境下,配用电系统各层的运行管理面临着不确定性逐层加剧、市场规模快速扩展、市场交易与系统安全运行难以有效衔接等多重挑战。该文首先梳理市场环境下配用电系统运行优化的关键问题;其次,对传统解析优化方法的研究成果与研究中仍待解决的问题进行总结;然后,针对配用电系统市场交易、运行优化等问题特点,系统性地介绍深度强化学习技术,分析归纳深度强化学习在配用电系统中的研究现状。最后,提炼出贯穿配用电系统多层多主体协同优化问题中的三重研究需求,并对深度强化学习技术未来的应用路径与发展趋势进行展望。

一种仿人手软体康复机器人结构设计与实验

文章针对手部康复训练提出一种偏心波纹管软体致动器结构,研制出一款具有镜像疗法功能的手部康复软体机器人。设计该偏心波纹管软体致动器结构的波峰、波谷中心存在一定的偏心距,以减少其在变形过程中的能量损耗,提高与人手的适配性;基于镜像疗法进行手部康复软体机器人控制系统的设计,使该系统具有主动康复训练、被动康复训练和镜像康复训练3种工作模式。抓取实验、指尖输出力测试以及镜像训练实验的结果表明,所设计的手部康复机器人具有较好的稳定性和顺应性,能够满足手部功能障碍患者的康复训练需求。

用于蒸汽裂解产物成分预测的集成迁移学习框架

回顾了蒸汽裂解过程建模的方法,阐述了工业实际情况中面临的数据匮乏问题。面对石油化工行业大量的小数据集建模需求,充分利用历史生产数据,提出了一种集成迁移学习框架。首先,利用充足的数据在特定工况下建立了基本的深度学习模型。然后,利用小数据集将迁移学习技术应用于新的工况,源域的专家知识通过基于参数的方法转移到目标领域。最后,引入集成学习来整合获得的迁移学习模型,从而提高性能。在几个实际案例上进行实践,研究了该模型框架的性能。为了更好地理解模型,还进一步实施了层可迁移性分析和SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP)特征重要性分析。结果说明该方法训练出的模型具有良好的准确性、稳定性、计算效率和可解释性,可以满足工业需求。

聚光太阳能SCO_(2)热发电系统性能分析与优化设计

针对聚光太阳能超临界二氧化碳(SCO_(2))热发电系统展开研究,构建系统热力学性能分析模型,分析集热侧、动力循环侧的性能,揭示系统集热-蓄热-热功转化之间的相互匹配特性规律,综合分析比较不同集热器、储热工质、动力循环组成的聚光太阳能SCO_(2)热发电系统的全年发电量和年均光-电转化效率,并对系统参数进行优化设计。结果表明:与线性菲涅尔式、槽形抛物面式聚光方式相比,塔式聚光方式的集热量受季节影响小,单位面积上全年集热量最高,全年集热效率约43%;增大高温储罐工质温度或降低低温储热罐工质温度能增大系统年发电量与年均光-电转化效率;采用塔式集热、NaCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)高温熔融盐、再压缩式超临界CO_(2)循环的聚光太阳能热发电系统具有最佳热力学性能。