Characteristics of diffuse pollution of nitrogen and phosphorous from a small town in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin,China

Hydrological and hydro-chemical monitoring of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in a small urbanized catchment was conducted in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin,China,from 2010 through 2011.The diffuse N and P loadings in different forms of total nitrogen(TN) and phosphorus(TP),dissolved nitrogen(DN) and phosphorus(DP),as well as particulate nitrogen(PN) and phosphorus(PP) were calculated based on runoff discharges and chemical analyses.The results revealed that the diffuse pollution concentrations of TN,DN,PN,TP,DP and PP exhibited large variations during rainfall events,with peak concentrations occurring during the initial period.For all of the measured parameters,the event mean concentrations(EMCs) were observed to clearly vary among rainfall events.The EMCs of TN,DN,PN,TP,DP and PP(for all of the observed rainfall events) were 10.04,6.62,3.42,1.30,0.47 and0.83 mg/L,respectively.The losses of diffuse N and P exhibited clear seasonal patterns and mainly occurred during the period from July through September,when the losses totaled 99.3 and 9.6 kg/ha for TN and TP,respectively,accounting for 75% and 74% of the total annual loadings.The mean annual loadings of TN and TP were 124.6 and 12.9 kg/ha,respectively.The results indicate that residential areas in the hilly areaof the central Sichuan Basin are subject to high diffuse N and P loadings,posing a serious risk to the receiving water quality.Ecological buffering belts are recommended to incorporate into the urbanized catchment to reduce diffuse pollution.

Evaluation on Emergency Ability of Agricultural Envrironmental Pollution Incident in Central Plains Economic Zone

Abstract The level of emergency ability directly reflects response effect of an area to emergency. Taking Central Plains Economic Zone as re- search object, by documents retrieval, field survey, mechanism analysis and logical reasoning, evaluation index system for emergency ability of ag- ricultural environmental pollution incident was established, which included 5 first grade indexes, 19 second grade indexes and 53 third grade inde- xes. By mechanism analysis and mathematical derivation, evaluation model for emergency ability of agricultural environmental pollution incident： I =m∑i=1∑j=1Pij, On this basis, four prefecture-level cities （A, B, C and D） of Central Plains Economic Zone were evaluated by using the index system and the evaluated model. The research could provide important theoretical reference for emergency ability construction of agricultural environmental pol- lution incident in Central Plains Economic Zone.

Study on Cognition of Urban Residents on Haze Control and Their Willingness to Pay:A Case Study of Zhengzhou City and Jiaozuo City

Residents’payment is an important supplement to the government’s urban haze control costs.In this paper,Zhengzhou City and Jiaozuo City of Henan Province were taken as research objects.Through research methods such as data mining,questionnaire survey and model construction,the residents’cognition on haze control,willingness to pay and its influencing factors were deeply studied.Main research results were as below:residents in Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo have improved their awareness and satisfaction with haze control,but the growth rate was slow.In 2014,2018 and 2021,the expected values of willingness to pay for haze control in Zhengzhou were 79.94,85.52 and 47.20 yuan/month respectively,while they were 62.17,57.77 and 46.96 yuan/month in Jiaozuo City.Residents’haze awareness had the most significant effect on the willingness to pay for haze control,and there was positive correlation(P<0.05).Residents’cognition of haze control was the most important factor affecting their willingness to pay for haze control.Residents’income level and air pollution level had a positive effect on residents’willingness to pay,while residents’confidence in the government had a weak impact on their willingness to pay.

Research Progress on the Relationship between Air Pollution and Socio-economic Growth in China

Air pollution is a hot issue studied by scholars all over the world.Academic circles generally believe that socio-economic factors such as extensive economic growth,unbalanced proportion of industrial structure and unreasonable energy consumption structure are the main"culprits"of serious air pollution in China.Therefore,the relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for air pollution prevention and control and promoting the sustainable and healthy development of cities.Through literature research and summary methods,this paper studies the severity and harmfulness of air pollution in China,and deeply studies the research progress of socio-economic influencing factors of air pollution,environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis of air pollution,decoupling relationship between air pollution and socio-economic growth,so as to provide useful reference for the prevention and control of air pollution.

Analysis on Air Quality Statuses in 31 Provincial Capital Cities in China--Taking 2014 as an Example

Air pollution is a hot issue of current research. In recent years,air quality of China shows the significantly declining tendency. To explore temporal-spatial distribution rule of air quality status of China not including Hongkong,Macao and Taiwan,air quality indexes( AQI) of 31 provincial capitals of China in 2014 were taken as research objects. By literature retrieval,data excavation,statistic analysis and logical reasoning,temporalspatial distribution rule of air quality status from 31 provincial capitals of China and its macroscopic origin were deeply studied. The results showed that: firstly,more than 80% of provincial capitals in China had the phenomenon of air quality exceeding standard to different degrees in 2014; secondly,air quality status of China showed significant spatial difference characteristics( P < 0. 05); thirdly,rapid development of the three major industries,promotion of urbanization process and growth of urban population were important causes for bad air quality of 31 provincial capitals of China.

Evaluation of Social Vulnerability to Natural Disasters on a County Scale in Henan Province

Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( population,economy,infrastructure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity) are selected to assess social vulnerability to natural disasters on a county scale in Henan Province. The results show that the population vulnerability and economic vulnerability to natural disasters in the eastern region is generally higher than in the western region,while the areas with high infrastructure vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest; the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in northwest is higher than in east and south,and this capacity of various districts is obviously higher than that of counties; in terms of the spatial pattern,social vulnerability to natural disasters is roughly higher in a belt from northeast to southwest,and lower on both sides of the belt. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in Henan Province.

Study on the Key Influence Factors of Environmental Mass Incidents by Delphi-PCA-Frequency Analysis Composite Method

In order to prevent and control environmental mass incidents,by comprehensively using literature research,case analysis and logical reasoning method,27 factors influencing environmental mass incidents were selected. Among them,15 key influencing factors were screened by Delphi-PCA-frequency analysis composite method. The key influencing factors were analyzed,and corresponding countermeasures were put forward.