Cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer in women:A prospective pilot study

Purpose:To assess the association between cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)and the incidence and mortality from cancer in women,and to evaluate the potential public health implications for cancer prevention.Methods:Maximal exercise testing was performed in a pilot cohort of 184 women(59.3 ± 15.2 years)who were followed for 12.0 ± 6.9 years.Cox hazard models adjusted for established cancer risk factors and accounting for competing events were analyzed for all-type cancer incidence and mortality from cancer.Population-attributable risks and exposure impact number were determined for low CRF(<5 metabolic equivalents(METs))as a risk factor.Results:During the follow-up,11.4% of the participants were diagnosed with cancer and 3.2% died from cancer.CRF was inversely and independently associated with cancer outcomes.For every 1-metabolic equivalent increase in CRF,there was a 20% decrease in the risk of cancer incidence(hazard ratio(HR)= 0.80,95% confidence interval(CI):0.69-0.92;p=0.001)and a 26% reduction in risk of cancer mortality(HR = 0.74,95%CI:0.61-0.90;p=0.002).The population-attributable risks of low CRF were 11.6% and 14% for incidence and mortality of cancer,respectively,and the respective exposure impact numbers were 8 and 20.Conclusion:Greater CRF was independently associated with a lower risk of incidence and mortality from cancer in women.Screening for low CRF as a cancer risk factor and referring unfit individuals to a supervised exercise program could be a public health strategy for cancer prevention in middle-age women.

Applications of smart proxies for subsurface modeling

Using artificial intelligence(AI) and machine learning(ML) techniques, we developed and validated the smart proxy models for history matching of reservoir simulation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment by artificial neural network(ANN). The smart proxy models were applied on two cases, the first case study investigated the application of a proxy model for calibrating a reservoir simulation model based on historical data and predicting well production while the second case study investigated the application of an ANN-based proxy model for fast-track modeling of CO2 enhanced oil recovery, aiming at the prediction of the reservoir pressure and phase saturation distribution at injection stage and post-injection stage. The prediction effects for both cases are promising. While a single run of basic numerical simulation model takes hours to days, the smart proxy model runs in a matter of seconds, saving 98.9% of calculating time. The results of these case studies demonstrate the advantage of the proposed workflow for addressing the high run-time, computational time and computational cost of numerical simulation models. In addition, these proxy models predict the outputs of reservoir simulation models with high accuracy.

Fluorescence quenching of tryptophan and tryptophanyl dipeptides in solution

We report measurements of fluorescence quantum yields of tryptophan, tryptophanylaspartate and tryptophanylarginine in several solvents as well as in aqueous solutions over a wide range of pH. We aim to test a computational model developed by Callis and coworkers of fluorescence quantum yield, which postulates that quenching in tryptophan arises from energy loss due to an electron transfer from the aromatic system of tryptophan to one of the amides in the protein backbone. Since the electron transfer state is expected to be high in energy, normally this would not be a possible outcome, but because of its large dipole, such a state should be more accessible in polar solvents. In addition, conditions of low (high) pH, which result in a net positive (negative) charge for the terminal amine (carboxyl) should result in an increase (decrease) of electron transfer rates and low (high) quantum yields. The observed results confirm the predictions of the model.

Accumulation model and geochemistry characteristics of oil occurring from Jurassic coal measures in the Huangling mining area of the Ordos Basin, China

The Ordos Basin is an important intracontinental sedimentary basin in China,containing a significant amount of coal,oil,and natural gas.This study analyzed the sedimentary environment,sedimentary facies,parent material type,maturity,and carbon isotopic composition of the coal-bearing organic matter using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS)and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.The source of oil occurring in the No.2 coal seam of the Jurassic Yan’an Formation(An-1 oil)and its accumulation model were also investigated.The results show that the relative abundances of C_(27),C_(28),and C_(29) steranes in the An-1 oil are 43.8%,33.0%,and 23.2%,respectively.The tricyclic terpanes,C_(29)20S/(20S+20R),and C_(29)ββ/(ββ+αα)contents of the An-1 oil are 31.4%−34.8%,0.85 and 0.81,respectively.Pr/n-C17,Ph/n-C18,and Pr/Ph values are 0.34,0.42,and 0.87,respectively.Biomarker parameters indicate that the An-1 oil mainly comes from the plankton source rock deposited in the freshwater lake facies and a reducing environment,which has evolved to maturity.The correlation of oil-oil indicates that the An-1 oil is homologous to the Chang-7 oil(Chang-7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation).The correlation of oil-source rock presents that the An-1 oil is generated from the Yanchang Formation(Chang-6 and Chang-7 source rocks)and occurred in the coal seam during the stage of stratum uplift since the Early of Late Cretaceous.The distribution characteristics of δ13C group components in the An-1 oil and Chang-7 oil also reveal the fractionation phenomenon during the migration of crude oil.

当代中国犯罪数据收集与实证研究

一、引言犯罪学研究在中国是一个相对较新的学术领域。从1949年共产党执政到20世纪80年代中国开始实行'改革开放'政策,几乎不存在有关犯罪和刑事司法的研究。根据当时的中国共产党的意识形态,人们普遍认为,犯罪,特别是街头犯罪,不应该是社会主义社会的一部分,况且,当时中国的刑事犯罪水平都很低,因此,一些学者认为.