东昆仑及相邻地区中生代—新生代早期构造过程的热年代学记录

针对东昆仑及相邻地区研究较薄弱的中生代-新生代早期时段的构造过程提供了系列新的热年代学资料．不同热年代学方法综合揭示了东昆仑及相邻地区在中生代-新生代早期至少存在3次明显的热事件记录．第一次大约启动于200Ma的晚三叠世晚期，并可能一直延续到早中侏罗世之交，是一次具有广泛影响并奠定造山带区域构造格架的构造热事件．区域动力背景可能和南部羌塘地块与昆仑地块的碰撞、松潘-甘孜-巴颜喀拉浊积盆地闭合相关．第二次发生在大约130-150Ma的早白垩世，并可能延续到早白垩世末，主要表现为系列区域性NWW—SEE向的挤压性断裂活动，可对应于白垩纪时期拉萨地块沿班公湖-怒江缝合带与欧亚大陆的增生拼贴事件．第三次为大约56-45Ma的古新世，表现为一期伸展抬升．热年代学记录与零星保存的地质记录具有良好的匹配性，并对构造过程提供了更确切的时间限定．

过渡特征提取中的概率统计理论和方法

针对反求工程中过渡曲面特征参数的准确提取问题,提出了一种基于概率统计理论的数据分析和处理方法。通过对数据进行预回归分析、假设检验、噪声去除和再回归分析等步骤,可以从含有噪声的离散特征参数数据中准确地提取出过渡特征参数。实际应用结果表明,概率与统计理论在反求工程特征提取、分析与表达中起着非常重要的作用。

浙南山区小流域WRF模式参数化方案对比与优化组合

准确的降水预报对山区小流域防洪减灾具有重要意义。选取浙南山区好溪流域典型降水场次,基于WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式,开展云微物理过程参数化方案和积云对流参数化方案敏感性分析,优选适用于好溪流域的物理过程参数化组合方案,提高好溪流域降水预报精度。研究结果表明:云微物理过程和积云对流参数化过程的方案选择及组合对降水预报影响显著,然而没有某一种组合方案的模拟效果对于所有场次的降水都是最佳的;综合考虑所有的典型降水场次,当云微物理参数化方案选择Lin(Purdue Lin)方案、积云对流过程参数化方案选择KF(Kain-Fritsch)方案时,降水预报精度最高。

Application of phase diagram calculations to development of new ultra-high temperature structural materials

In-situ refractory metal intermetallic composites(RMICs) based either on (Nb, Si) or (Mo, Si, B) are candidate materials for ultra-high temperature applications (>1400 ℃). To provide a balance of mechanical and environmental properties, Nb-Si composites are typically alloyed with Ti and Cr, and Mo-Si-B composites are alloyed with Ti. Phase diagrams of Nb-Cr-Ti-Si and Mo-Si-B-Ti, as prerequisite knowledge for advanced materials design and processing development, are critically needed. The phase diagrams in the metal-rich regions of multicomponent Nb-Cr-Ti-Si and Mo-Si-B-Ti were rapidly established using the Calphad (Calculation of phase diagram) approach coupled with key experiments. The calculated isotherms, isopleths, and solidification paths were validated by experimental work. The important heterogeneous multiphase equilibria in both quaternary systems identified will offer engineers the opportunity to develop materials with a balance of properties for high-temperature applications.

Preoperative physiological esophageal assessment for anti-reflux surgery:A guide for surgeons on high-resolution manometry and pH testing

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonlyencountered digestive diseases in the world, with the prevalence continuing toincrease. Many patients are successfully treated with lifestyle modifications andproton pump inhibitor therapy, but a subset of patients require more aggressiveintervention for control of their symptoms. Surgical treatment with fundoplicationis a viable option for patients with GERD, as it attempts to improve the integrityof the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). While surgery can be as effective asmedical treatment, it can also be associated with side effects such as dysphagia,bloating, and abdominal pain. Therefore, a thorough pre-operative assessment iscrucial to select appropriate surgical candidates. Newer technologies arebecoming increasingly available to help clinicians identify patients with true LESdysfunction, such as pH-impedance studies and high-resolution manometry(HRM). Pre-operative evaluation should be aimed at confirming the diagnosis ofGERD, ruling out any major motility disorders, and selecting appropriate surgicalcandidates. HRM and pH testing are key tests to consider for patients with GERDlike symptoms, and the addition of provocative measures such as straight legraises and multiple rapid swallows to HRM protocol can assess the presence ofunderlying hiatal hernias and to test a patient’s peristaltic reserve prior tosurgery.

纳粹统治下的德国物理学会

1933年到1945年的德国物理学会的历史并不能完全涵盖希特勒统治下的物理学史,但它确实也反映了在第三帝国期间物理学家工作和生活的许多重要方面。

The Asymptotic Eigenvalues of First-Order Spectral Differentiation Matrices

We complete and extend the asymptotic analysis of the spectrum of Jacobi Tau approximations that were first considered by Dubiner. The asymptotic formulas for Jacobi polynomials PN(α ,β ) ,α ,β > -1 are derived and confirmed by numerical approximations. More accurate results for the slowest decaying mode are obtained. We explain where the large negative eigenvalues come from. Furthermore, we show that a large negative eigenvalue of order N2 appears for -1 1 . The eigenvalues for Legendre polynomials are directly related to the roots of the spherical Bessel and Hankel functions that are involved in solving Helmholtz equation inspherical coordinates.

Grand Unified SU(8) Gauge Theory Based on Baryons which Are Yang-Mills Magnetic Monopoles

Based on the thesis that baryons including protons and neutrons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles which the author has previously developed and which has been confirmed by over half a dozen empirically-accurate predictions, we develop a GUT that is rooted in the SU(4) subgroups for the proton/electron and neutron/neutrino which were used as the basis for these predictions. The SU(8) GUT group so-developed leads following three stages of symmetry breaking to all known phenomenology including a neutrino that behaves differently from other fermions, lepto-quark separation, replication of fermions into exactly three generations, the Cabibbo mixing of those generations, weak interactions which are left-chiral, and all four of the gravitational, strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions. The next steps based on this development will be to calculate the masses and energies associated with the vacuum terms of the Lagrangian, to see if additional empirical confirmations can be achieved, especially for the proton and neutron and the fermion masses.

Predicting the Binding Energies of the 1s Nuclides with High Precision, Based on Baryons which Are Yang-Mills Magnetic Monopoles

In an earlier paper, the author employed the thesis that baryons are Yang-Mills magnetic monopoles and that proton and neutron binding energies are determined based on their up and down current quark masses to predict a relationship among the electron and up and down quark masses within experimental errors and to obtain a very accurate relationship for nuclear binding energies generally and for the binding of 56Fe in particular. The free proton and neutron were understood to each contain intrinsic binding energies which confine their quarks, wherein some or most (never all) of this energy is released for binding when they are fused into composite nuclides. The purpose of this paper is to further advance this thesis by seeing whether it can explain the specific empirical binding energies of the light 1s nuclides, namely, 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He, with high precision. As the method to achieve this, we show how these 1s binding energies are in fact the components of inner and outer tensor products of Yang-Mills matrices which are implicit in the expressions for these intrinsic binding energies. The result is that the binding energies for the 4He, 3He and 3H nucleons are respectively, independently, explained to less than four parts in one million, four parts in 100,000, and seven parts in one million, all in AMU. Further, we are able to exactly relate the neutron minus proton mass difference to a function of the up and down current quark masses, which in turn enables us to explain the 2H binding energy most precisely of all, to just over 8 parts in ten million. These energies have never before been theoretically explained with such accuracy, which leads to the conclusion that the underlying thesis provides the strongest theoretical explanation to date of what baryons are, and of how protons and neutrons confine their quarks and bind together into composite nuclides. As is also reviewed in Section 9, these results may lay the foundation for more easily catalyzing nuclear fusion energy release.

Predicting the Neutron and Proton Masses Based on Baryons which Are Yang-Mills Magnetic Monopoles and Koide Mass Triplets

We show how the Koide relationships and associated triplet mass matrices can be generalized to derive the observed sum of the free neutron and proton rest masses in terms of the up and down current quark masses and the Fermi vev to six parts in 10,000. This sum can then be solved for the separate neutron and proton masses using the neutron minus proton mass difference derived by the author in a recent, separate paper. The oppositely-signed charges of the up and down quarks are responsible for the appearance of a complex phase exp(iδ) and real rotation angle θ which leads on an independent basis to mass and mixing matrices similar to that of Cabibbo, Kobayashi and Maskawa (CKM). These can then be used to specify the neutron and proton mass relationships to unlimited accuracy using θ as a nucleon fitting angle deduced from empirical data. This fitting angle is then shown to be related to an invariant of the CKM mixing angles within experimental errors. Also developed is a master mass and mixing matrix which may help to interconnect all baryon and quark masses and mixing angles. The Koide generalizations developed here enable these neutron and proton mass relationships to be given a Lagrangian formulation based on neutron and proton field strength tensors that contain vacuum-amplified and current quark wavefunctions and masses. In the course of development, we also uncover new Koide relationships for the neutrinos, the up quarks, and the down quarks.

Nanofiller Dispersion in Polymer Dielectrics

Nanodielectric composites have been developed in recent years attempting to improve the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, dielectric strength and voltage endurance. Among various investigations, nanoparticle dispersion was particularly emphasized in this work. General Electric Global Research Center in Niskayuna NY USA has investigated various nanoparticles, nanocomposites and nanocomposite synthesis methods intending to understand particle dispersion and their impact on the nanocomposite dielectric properties. The breakdown strength and microstructures of the nanocomposites containing different particles were studied for projects related to capacitor and electrical insulation technologies. The nanocomposite synthesis methods either employed commerical nanoparticles or utilized nanoparticles that were self-assembled (in-situ precipitation) in a matrix. Our investigations have shown that nanocomposites prepared with solution chemistry were more favorable for producing uniform dispersion of nanoparticles. Structural information of nanocomposites was studied with transmission electron microscopy and the interection between particles and matrix polymers were tentatively probed using dielectric spectroscopy. In these new class of materials high energy densities on the order of 15J/cc were achievable in nanocomposites.

Differential diagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: A comprehensive review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are a new class of cancer pharmacotherapy consisting of antibodies that block inhibitory immune regulators such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4,programmed cell death 1 and programmed death-ligand 1.Checkpoint blockade by ICIs reactivates a tumor-specific T cell response.Immune-related adverse events can occur in various organs including skin,liver,and gastrointestinal tract.Mild to severe colitis is the most common side effect with some experiencing rapid progression to more serious complications including bowel perforation and even death.Prompt diagnosis and management of ICI-induced colitis is crucial for optimal outcome.Unfortunately,its clinical,endoscopic and histopathologic presentations are non-specific and overlap with those of colitis caused by other etiologies,such as infection,medication,graftversus-host disease and inflammatory bowel disease.Thus,a definitive diagnosis can only be rendered after these other possible etiologies are excluded.Sometimes an extensive clinical,laboratory and radiologic workup is required,making it challenging to arrive at a prompt diagnosis.Most patients experience full resolution of symptoms with corticosteroids and/or infliximab.For ICI-induced colitis that is treatment-refractory,small scale studies offer alternative strategies,such as vedolizumab and fecal microbiota transplantation.In this review,we focus on the clinical features,differential diagnosis,and management of ICIinduced colitis with special attention to emerging treatment options for treatmentrefractory ICI-induced colitis.

Using Sports Wagering Markets to Evaluate and Compare Team Winning Streaks in Sports

Point spreads and money lines from sports wagering markets are used to evaluate the impressiveness of team streaks. Sports wagering data have previously been useful in assessing competitive balance in sports. Our approach was motivated by the amount of media scrutiny that accompanied the winning streak of the NBA’s Miami Heat and the point streak of the NHL’s Chicago Blackhawks which occurred simultaneously for the most part in 2013. The topic came to the forefront again with the 2014-2015 winning streak of the Atlanta Hawks. Three streaks are highlighted in our paper. The length of the streaks, the quality of the competition, injuries, and a variety of other factors were mentioned in the media but the discussion was limited to subjective opinions as no way of properly weighing relative influence of the factors was identified. Wagering markets provide an excellent source of information for making these judgments. Several complementary measures are described and the most impressive team streaks within and across professional baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey are identified.

附睾扭转

Anomalies of the epididymis are most commonly associated with an undescended testis but also found occasionally in a normally descended testis. Our 11- year-old patient presented with an acute scrotum and Doppler ultrasound that suggested epididymitis. Painful symptoms required scrotal exploration with the finding of a torsion and infarction of the epididymis. The etiology of the torsion was an abnormal attachment of the epididymis to the testis. Torsion of the epididymis has not previously been reported.

Extrusion-base d 3D-printe d“rolle d-up”composite scaffolds with hierarchical pore structure for bone growth and repair

Three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,specifically direct ink writing(DIW)capable of printing biologically active substances such as growth factors or drugs under low-temperature conditions,is an emerging di-rection in bone tissue engineering.However,limited by the bio-ink mobility and the poor resolution of this printing technology,the lateral pores of current crisscross-stacked scaffolds printed through DIW tend to clog and are inimical to bone growth.Therefore,it is critical to develop DIW printed biologi-cal scaffold structure with high mechanical strength,porosity,and biocompatibility performance.Herein,patterned polylactic acid(PLA)/polycaprolactone(PCL)/nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA)based scaffold was printed through DIW technological and rolled-up for properties characterization,cytocompatibility test,and bone repair experiment.The result not only shows that the hexagonal patterned scaffolds are me-chanically strong with porosity,but also demonstrated that the hierarchical pore structure formed during rolled-up has the potential to address the clogging problem and stimulates bone growth and repair.

东昆仑造山带新生代早期构造事件的碎屑裂变径迹年代学证据

东昆仑造山带作为青藏高原北部地貌向北衰减的第一条构造地貌边界,其新生代构造过程是检验和揭示板块碰撞远程变形效应、机制及空间拓展过程的关键.基于东昆仑造山带系统的碎屑锆石裂变径迹测试分析,揭示东昆仑造山带新生代早期构造演化过程,为板块作用远程效应过程提供年代学证据.碎屑裂变径迹分析表明东昆仑造山带前新生代地层在埋藏后经历了古新世-始新世以前的差异性退火作用(约300～200℃),峰值年龄解析获得最年轻峰值年龄(P1)主体集中在42～59Ma,代表了东昆仑造山带锆石裂变径迹差异性退火作用的结束年龄.区域性热历史重建及区域资料一致表明,古新世-始新世阶段,东昆仑造山带发生了区域性构造隆升作用,表明东昆仑造山带在印度欧亚板块碰撞后随即成为青藏高原岩石圈(地壳)变形的前缘,这进一步暗示了青藏高原岩石圈地壳变形具有明显的刚性块体特征,而现今地壳流动变形特征可能是地壳分层加厚、多圈层多机制共同作用的结果.

New discovery rarely runs smooth： an update on progranulin/TNFR interactions

Progranulin （PGRN） is a growth factor implicated in various pathophysiological processes, including wound healing, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and neurodegeneration. It was previously reported that PGRN binds to tumor necrosis factor receptors （TNFR） and has thera- peutic effects in inflammatory arthritis （Tang et. al, in Science 332：478-484, 2011）; however, Chen et al. reported their inability to demonstrate the PGRN-TNFR interactions under their own conditions （Chert et. al, in J Neurosci 33：9202-9213, 2013）. A letter-to-editor was then published by the original group in response to the Chen et al. paper that discussed the reasons for the latter＇s inability to recapitulate the interactions. In addition, the group published follow-up studies that further reinforced and dissected the interactions of PGRN- TNFR. Recently, the dispute about the legitimacy of PGRN-TNFR interactions appears to be finally settled with independent confirmations of these interactions in various conditions by numerous laboratories. This review presents a chronological update on the story of PGRN-TNFR interactions, highlighting the independent confirmations of these interactions in various diseases and conditions.

Localized Corrosion Characteristics of Nickel Alloys： A Review

There are a great variety of commercial nickel alloys mainly because nickel is able to dissolve a large amount of alloying elements while maintaining a single ductile austenitic phase. Nickel alloys are generally designed for and used in highly aggressive environments, for example, those where stainless steels may experience pitting corrosion or environmentally assisted cracking. While nickel alloys are generally resistant to pitting corrosion in chloride-containing environments, they may be prone to crevice corrosion attack. Addition of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten increases the localized corrosion resistance of nickel alloys. This review on the resistance to localized corrosion of nickel alloys includes specific environments such as those present in oil and gas upstream operations, in the chemical process industry and in seawater service.