Design, Synthesis, and Activities of Novel Derivativesof Isophthalamide and Benzene-1,3-disulfonamide

Based on the antiplatelet aggregation mechanism and the bioisosterism principle of the reference drug picotamide, thirteen novel derivatives of arylamide and arylsulfonamide were designed and prepared. The biological activities of these derivatives were investigated. The chemical structures of the target compounds were confirmed by ^1H NMR and IR. The in vitro activities of antiplatelet aggregation of the thirteen target compounds were assessed by Bore＇s method. Compounds 2b and 8h have significant antiplatelet aggregation activities, which are superior to the corresponding activity of Picotamide.

Risk factors of type 2 diabetes in population of Jammu and Kashmir, India

We sought to identify risk factors for type 2 diabetes （T2D） in Jammu and Kashmir populations, India. A total of 424 diabetic and 226 non-diabetic subjects from Jammu, and 161 diabetic and 100 non-diabetic subjects from Kashmir were screened for various parameters including fasting blood glucose level, 2 hour glucose level, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）, very low-density lipoprotein （VLDL-C）, uric acid, systolic and diastolic blood pressure lev- el. We found that subjects aged 40-49 years had the highest rate of diabetes, with family income playing not much of a role. Kashmiri migrants or populations with rapid cultural, environmental, social or lifestyle change along with reduced physical activity, obesity and unhealthy lifestyle （smoking and alcohol consumption） were found to have higher rates of diabetes. High blood glucose, triglycerides and low HDL-C levels were found to be con- tributing to disease outcome. High blood pressure also contributed to a higher risk of developing T2D. Our study supports earlier reports confirming the contribution of comfortable life style, Western dietary habits and rapid life style change along with many other factors to the prevalence of diabetes. This may contribute to the epidemic proportion of diabetes in Jammu and Kashmir. Early diagnosis and routine screening for undiagnosed diabetes in obese subjects and subjects with parental diabetes history is expected to decrease the burden of chronic diabetic complications worldwide.

Two Ion-pair Complexes Constructed by[M(mnt)_2]^(n-) (M=Ni,Co,mnt = Maleonitriledithiolate):Syntheses, Characterization and Thermal Stability

Two new ion-pair complexes [Co（BBP）2]2[Ni（mnt）2]CI2·4DMF-2H20 （1, BBP 2,6-bis（benzimidazol-2＇-yl） pyridine, rant = maleonitriledithiolate） and [（Py）2CH2][Co（mnt）2]2· 4DMF （2） have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction studies show that complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c. The crystal of 2 belongs to a triclinic system with space group P1. Due to the hydrogen bonding interactions, anions and cations formed the mixed packing in complex 1 while the anions and cations formed segregated columns in 2. in addition, thermogravimetric analyses of the two complexes are also investigated.

A Three-dimensional Ba(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer Based on H_4AQTC(Anthraquinone-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic Acid): Quinone Oxygen Atoms Participate in Coordination

A novel coordination polymer [Ba2（AQTC）（H2O）3]n（1, H4 AQTC = anthraquinone-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid） has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Two quinone oxygen atoms and all carboxylate oxygen atoms of AQTC4- are involved in coordination. Two equivalent barium ions are mainly linked by carboxylate oxygen atoms into a dimer. Neighbouring dimers are further connected by the AQTC4- ligand through carboxylate oxygen atom, leading to a 1-D chain structure. Every two adjacent chains are mainly further connected by face carboxylate oxygen atoms and water molecule, generating a two-dimensional layer structure. Such 2-D layer structures are connected with O（6） and O（6C） atoms from water molecules to form a 3-D structure. In addition, luminescent properties of 1 are also investigated.

Morphological variation in the short-tailed fruit bat(Carollia)in Ecuador,with comments on the practical and philosophical aspects of boundaries among species

The mechanisms for the morphological delimitation of species in Carollia remain poorly understood.This is the first study to assess variation in size and shape from strictly geometric terms.Both factors are assessed by statistical perspectives of distribution,overlap and relative distances.Despite its overlap,the size of the skull seems to be the most influential character for the discrimination of species,with shape playing a much smaller role.The smallest species seems to be the most distinct in shape,not only in terms of distance among centroids in morphometric space,but also in the overall trend and direction of variation.Contrary to previous studies,sexual dimorphism is not given by size but by distinct shapes of the skull.Characters such as the shape of the maxilla,previously described qualitatively as discrete with sharp boundaries,appear to be truly continuous with fuzzy borders among species.Because morphometric space is a gamut of continuous variation and overlap,the taxonomic error rate for size characters seems to be substantial for the medium-sized species(Carollia brevicauda Schinz,1821),with approximately 30–40%of individuals erroneously assigned to a different species after a jackknifed discriminant function.This taxonomic error is higher for shape characters.Morphological,systematic and ecological consequences of the observed patterns of shape and size variation are commented within the context of previously proposed arguments and hypotheses.

Design and Preparation of Graphene/Fe_(2)O_(3) Nanocomposite as Negative Material for Supercapacitor

The development of high specific capacitance electrode materials with high efficiency,scalability and economic feasibility is significant for the application of supercapacitors,however,the synthesis of electrode material still faces huge challenges.Herein,graphene(G)/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite was prepared via a simple hydrothermal method connected with subsequent thermal reduction process.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)results showed rod-like Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles were prepared and well-dispersed on graphene layers,providing a rich active site and effectively buffering the aggregation of Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles in the process of electrochemical reaction.The specific capacitance of the obtained G/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite as negative electrode for supercapacitor was 378.7 F/g at the current density of 1.5 A/g,and the specific capacitance retention was 88.76%after 3000 cycles.Furthermore,the asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)was fabricated with G/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite as negative electrode,graphene as positive electrode,which achieved a high energy density of 64.09 W·h/kg at a power density of 800.01 W/kg,maintained 30.07 W·h/kg at a power density of 8004.89 W/kg,and retained its initial capacitance by 78.04%after 3000 cycles.The excellent result offered a promising way for the G/Fe_(2)O_(3) nanocomposite to be applied in high energy density storage systems.

Porous boronate affinity monolith for on-line extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for sensitive analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines in food samples

A novel on-line solid-phase microextraction–high-performance liquid chromatography（SPME–HPLC）system was developed for the determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines（HAAs） in food samples. A poly（vinylphenylboronic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate） polymer monolith was prepared for on-line efficient extraction and large-volume injection was used to increase the sensitivity of detection.The polymermonolith, based on a ternary porogen, was prepared by in situ polymerization of vinylphenylboronic acid（VPBA） and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate（EGDMA） in a fused-silica capillary column. It showed good permeability, high extraction capacity, and high selectivity. The column-tocolumn reproducibility was satisfactory, and the enrichment factors for HAAs were 3746–7414.Conditions influencing the on-line extraction efficiency, including p H of sample solutions, flow rate of extraction and desorption, and desorption volume, were investigated. The proposed method had low limit of detection（0.10–0.15 ng/L） and good linearity. Trace HAAs in roast beef and lamb samples were determined, and the amounts of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline, and 2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in these samples were 0.235–2.08 ng/g. The recoveries for the five HAAs ranged from74.3% to 119%, and the relative standard deviation（RSDs） were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the proposed on-line method was highly sensitive for monitoring HAAs in different food samples.