Peptide fraction from sturgeon muscle by pepsin hydrolysis exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via MAPK and NF-κB pathways

Previous studies have suggested that polypeptides extracted from milk, soybean, fish, eggs, and meat possess potential anti-inflammatory effects. To date, few studies have reported the anti-inflammatory function of sturgeon peptides and their underlying mechanisms are unknown. The current study was therefore to determine the anti-inflammatory potential of sturgeon peptides with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory model. Pepsin hydrolysate (PeH) was purified by ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-15 gel filtration chromatography. PeH significantly reduced the inflammatory mediator (NO) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the purified sturgeon peptide (F2) possessed strong antioxidant potential and effectively inhibited DPPH and ABTS free radicals. F2 significantly suppressed the expression of MAPK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65, indicating that F2 exerted anti-inflammatory influence by the inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

Chromosome-level genome and population genomics of the intermediate horseshoe bat(Rhinolophus affinis)reveal the molecular basis of virus tolerance in Rhinolophus and echolocation call frequency variation

Horseshoe bats(genus Rhinolophus,family Rhinolophidae)represent an important group within chiropteran phylogeny due to their distinctive traits,including constant high-frequency echolocation,rapid karyotype evolution,and unique immune system.Advances in evolutionary biology,supported by high-quality reference genomes and comprehensive whole-genome data,have significantly enhanced our understanding of species origins,speciation mechanisms,adaptive evolutionary processes,and phenotypic diversity.However,genomic research and understanding of the evolutionary patterns of Rhinolophus are severely constrained by limited data,with only a single published genome of R.ferrumequinum currently available.In this study,we constructed a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome for the intermediate horseshoe bat(R.affinis).Comparative genomic analyses revealed potential genetic characteristics associated with virus tolerance in Rhinolophidae.Notably,we observed expansions in several immune-related gene families and identified various genes functionally associated with the SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway,DNA repair,and apoptosis,which displayed signs of rapid evolution.In addition,we observed an expansion of the major histocompatibility complex class II(MHC-II)region and a higher copy number of the HLA-DQB2 gene in horseshoe bats compared to other chiropteran species.Based on whole-genome resequencing and population genomic analyses,we identified multiple candidate loci(e.g.,GLI3)associated with variations in echolocation call frequency across R.affinis subspecies.This research not only expands our understanding of the genetic characteristics of the Rhinolophus genus but also establishes a valuable foundation for future research.

Polymeric biomaterials-based tissue engineering for wound healing: a systemic review

Background:Biomaterials are vital products used in clinical sectors as alternatives to several biological macromolecules for tissue engineering techniques owing to their numerous beneficial properties,including wound healing.The healing pattern generally depends upon the type of wounds,and restoration of the skin on damaged areas is greatly dependent on the depth and severity of the injury.The rate of wound healing relies on the type of biomaterials being incorporated for the fabrication of skin substitutes and their stability in in vivo conditions.In this review,a systematic literature search was performed on several databases to identify the most frequently used biomaterials for the development of successful wound healing agents against skin damage,along with their mechanisms of action.Method:The relevant research articles of the last 5 years were identified,analysed and reviewed in this paper.The meta-analysis was carried out using PRISMA and the search was conducted in major scientific databases.The research of the most recent 5 years,from 2017-2021 was taken into consideration.The collected research papers were inspected thoroughly for further analysis.Recent advances in the utilization of natural and synthetic biomaterials(alone/in combination)to speed up the regeneration rate of injured cells in skin wounds were summarised.Finally,23 papers were critically reviewed and discussed.Results:In total,2022 scholarly articles were retrieved from databases utilizing the aforementioned input methods.After eliminating duplicates and articles published before 2017,∼520 articles remained that were relevant to the topic at hand(biomaterials for wound healing)and could be evaluated for quality.Following different procedures,23 publications were selected as best fitting for data extraction.Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for this review illustrates the selection criteria,such as exclusion and inclusion parameters.The 23 recent publications pointed to the use of both natural and synthetic polymers in wound healing applications.Information related to wound type and the mechanism of action has also been reviewed carefully.The selected publication showed that composites of natural and synthetic polymers were used extensively for both surgical and burn wounds.Extensive research revealed the effects of polymer-based biomaterials in wound healing and their recent advancement.Conclusions:The effects of biomaterials in wound healing are critically examined in this review.Different biomaterials have been tried to speed up the healing process,however,their success varies with the severity of the wound.However,some of the biomaterials raise questions when applied on a wide scale because of their scarcity,high transportation costs and processing challenges.Therefore,even if a biomaterial has good wound healing qualities,it may be technically unsuitable for use in actual medical scenarios.All of these restrictions have been examined closely in this review.

Bolothrips bicolor(Heeger)(Thysanoptera:Idolothripinae):a genus and species newly recorded from China

The genus and species,Bolothrips bicolor(Heeger,1852),are recorded from China for the first time,with both sexes found in Shaanxi Province.A generic diagnosis,morphological description,illustrations and photographs are provided.COI sequence of the newly recorded species is also given.

Review of the genus Ophthalmothrips Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from China, with a new species

The genus Ophthalmothrips from China is reviewed here,with the description of a new species,O.elongatus Li&Dang,sp.nov.,which was collected from the roots of weeds in Hunan Province.An illustrated key is given here to all five species known from China.