Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Research and Practice on the Construction of Professional Cluster in Application-Oriented Local Undergraduate Universities:Taking Environ-mental Chemical Engineering Professional Cluster in Pingdingshan University as an Example

Based on the analysis of the importance of professional cluster construction by ecological theory,with the change of social demand for talents,this paper explores the practice of environmental chemical professional cluster construction in Pingdingshan University,including gradually perfecting teaching conditions and reforming teaching mode,breaking through the limitations of resources,integrating the boundaries of colleges and departments,integrating multiple resources,innovating systems and mechanisms,reconstructing professional clusters,decon-structing professional connotations,reorganizing curriculum systems,etc.,in order to better build the ecological chain network of education in application-oriented colleges and universities,realize the deep integration of industry and education,train future-oriented interdisciplinary applied talents of new engineering,and realize the construction of characteristic professional cluster in application-oriented colleges.

Construction Method of Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in the Course of Environmental Microbiology for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Environmental Microbiology is a professional basic course in the curriculum system of Environmental and Ecological Engineering major,which follows the requirements of ideological and political theories teaching in the course in higher education,and should be implemented in every course.Therefore,the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in the course should be an important task in the course construction of Environmental Microbiology.In view of the curriculum characteristics of Environmental Microbiology,such as multi-disciplinary feature,wide coverage and rapid development,it is an effective method for the construction of ideological and political theories teaching in the course of Environmental Microbiology by fully tapping the ideological and political elements of the curriculum,such as patriotism,scientific spirit and practical innovation,and integrating the ideological and political theories teaching in the course into the whole curriculum design and classroom teaching construction.

Research progress of CO_(2) capture and mineralization based on natural minerals

Natural minerals,such as kaolinite,halloysite,montmorillonite,attapulgite,bentonite,sepiolite,forsterite,and wollastonite,have considerable potential for use in CO_(2) capture and mineralization due to their abundant reserves,low cost,excellent mechanical prop-erties,and chemical stability.Over the past decades,various methods,such as those involving heat,acid,alkali,organic amine,amino sil-ane,and ionic liquid,have been employed to enhance the CO_(2) capture performance of natural minerals to attain high specific surface area,a large number of pore structures,and rich active sites.Future research on CO_(2) capture by natural minerals will focus on the full utiliza-tion of the properties of natural minerals,adoption of suitable modification methods,and preparation of composite materials with high specific surface area and rich active sites.In addition,we provide a summary of the principle and technical route of direct and indirect mineralization of CO_(2) by natural minerals.This process uses minerals with high calcium and magnesium contents,such as forsterite(Mg_(2)SiO_(4)),serpentine[Mg_(3)Si_(2)O(OH)_(4)],and wollastonite(CaSiO_(3)).The research status of indirect mineralization of CO_(2) using hydro-chloric acid,acetic acid,molten salt,and ammonium salt as media is also introduced in detail.The recovery of additives and high-value-added products during the mineralization process to increase economic benefits is another focus of future research on CO_(2) mineralization by natural minerals.

Biocatalytic enhancement of laccase immobilized on ZnFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles and its application for degradation of textile dyes

Efficient and convenient treatment of industrial dyeing wastewater is of great significance to guarantee human and animal health.This work presented the enhanced catalytic activity at pH 3.0 of laccase immobilized on amino-functionalized ZnFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles(ZnFe_(2)O_(4)-laccase)and its application for the degradation of textile dyes.Due to the existence of a large number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the ZnFe_(2)O_(4) nanoparticles,negative ions accumulated on the magnetic carriers,which resulted in a harsh optimal pH value of the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)-laccase.Laccase activity assays revealed that the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)-laccase possessed superior pH and thermal stabilities,excellent reusability,and noticeable organic solvent tolerance.Meanwhile,the ZnFe_(2)O_(4) laccase presented efficient and sustainable degradation of high concentrations of textile dyes.The initial decoloration efficiencies of malachite green(MG),brilliant green(BG),azophloxine,crystal violet(CV),reactive blue 19(RB19),and procion red MX-5B were approximately 99.1%,95.0%,93.3%,87.4%,86.1%,and 85.3%,respectively.After 10 consecutive reuses,the degradation rates of the textile dyes still maintained about 98.2%,92.5%,83.2%,81.5%,79.8%and 65.9%,respectively.The excellent dye degradation properties indicate that the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)-laccase has a technical application in high concentrations of dyestuff treatment.

Solvent-free synthesis of diacylglycerols via enzymatic glycerolysis between edible oils and glycerol catalyzed by self-made immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000

Diglycerol(DAG)is a structural lipid with the functions to lower body fat accumulation and decrease serum triglyceride level.However,the enzymatic synthesis of DAG is limited by the high-efficient and economic lipases.In this paper,the immobilized lipase PS@LXTE-1000 was self-made by immobilizing the Pseudomomas cepacian lipase on to the hydrophobic microporous resin LXTE-1000.The results indicate that LXTE-1000 was a uniform mesoporous sphere with the mean diameter of 400μm,pore size of 14.6 nm,pore volume of 0.5 cm3/g and surface area of 126.0 m^(2)/g,showing superior structural properties for lipase immobilization.Under the optimal reaction conditions with the molar ratio of rapeseed oil to glycerol being 1:1,adding amount of immobilized lipase being 4%,reaction at 50℃,the highest DAG content of 46.7%was achieved in 3 h via enzymatic glycerolysis catalyzed by LXTE-1000.After 7 cycles of reuse,the self-made LXTE-1000 could still retain 78.3%of its initial catalytic ability.Besides,LXTE-1000 was observed to facilitate the DAG production via glycerolysis reaction between glycerol with other seven edible oils including corn oil,sesame oil,peony seed oil,rice bran oil,peanut oil,soybean oil and flaxseed oil.Specifically,the glycerolysis reaction with sesame oil,peony seed oil and rice bran oil even led to the DAG content of 52.1%,53.3%and 51.2%,respectively,Hence,this paper provide a novel strategy to produce high-efficient and economic immobilized lipases,which shows great potential in the green synthesis of functional lipids such as DAG.

Development of Fenghuang Dancong Tea and Chestnut Sauce

To produce Fenghuang Dancong tea and chestnut sauce that is more in line with people s health needs and has better flavor,the dosage of tea,tea powder,white sugar and milk was analyzed,and the optimal formula of Fenghuang Dancong tea and chestnut sauce was studied through a single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The results showed that the best formula of Fenghuang Dancong tea and chestnut sauce was composed of 4.5 g of tea,1.5 g of tea powder,60 g of milk and 5 g of white sugar.The Fenghuang Dancong tea and chestnut sauce made under these conditions was light brown,and had suitable viscosity,delicate and rich taste.It had the fragrance of Fenghuang Dancong tea and the sweet aroma of chestnuts.

Structural characteristics andoil-removal mechanisms of the adsorbentsmade from petrochemical sludge

A new type of carbon-inorganic absorbent with good oil-removing performance is prepared by sintering and activating petrochemical sludge. Of the absorbents prepared by three different methods (non-activated, vapor /840 ℃/6 h, CO2/1 000 ℃/2 h), the one prepared by the second method is the best in oil-removing, which can remove 60% of oil from petrochemical wastewater with a concentration of 76.42 mg/L. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the constituents of the adsorbents are basically similar to those of inorganic granulating materials, such as SiO2, Al2O3, orthoclase feldspar, iron ore, etc. Composition analysis reveals that the activated absorbent has a large specific surface area with a high carbon content in activated compositions and a good oil-removing capability.

Geological and geochemical characteristics of basalts from Hardat Tolgoi Mine, Inner Mongolia, China

Basalts from Hardat Tolgoi Mine were studied systematically by using petrochemical and isotope geochemical methods in order to discuss their chemical properties, diagenetic material sources and tectonic environment. The analysis results indicate that the alkali basalts are characterized by low silica and high alkalinic(Na>K) and iron-titanium contents. The distribution patterns of the rare earth elements(REE) are the "rightist" type, which typically show evident fractionation between light REEs and heavy REEs with(La/Yb)N ratios from 8.04 to 10.4, but no significant negative Eu anomalies were observed(δEu=1.01 to 1.04). The basalts are relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements(LILE, Ba, Sr) and high field strength elements(HFSE, Nb, Ta, Hf). Ratios of 206Pb/204Pb vary between 18.434 and 18.550, ratios of 207Pb/204Pb are between 15.541 and 15.569, and ratios of 208Pb/204Pb are between 38.331 and 38.536. The diagenetic substance is believed from the asthenospheric mantle and in intraplate environment, which was constructed during continent stretch, without being significantly contaminated by crustal materials.

The Effects of Environmental Materials on Pb and Cd Solidification

The leaching experiments of soils contaminated by heavy metal Pb or Cd were conducted with four kinds of environmental materials, polymer absorbent material （PAM）, coal-based nutrient （CBN）, mineral adsorption material （MAM） and mineral chemical material （MCM） to explore Pb and Cd solidification effects. Then the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer （FTIR） analysis was used to explain the solidification mechanism of the effective environmental materials, and the Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） test was applied to demonstrate their solidifi- cation morphology. The results showed that MCM was the best material for Pb solidification, and Pb concentration in the leachate accounted for 68.6% of that in CK; MAM was the best material for Cd solidification, and the Cd concentration accounted for 74.6% of that in CK. The FTIR analysis showed the functional groups, such as C-OH in MCM and COOH in MAM, could explain the adsorption mechanism by ion exchange and chemical bond force. The SEM images indicated there were obvious adsorption morphological changes in MCM and MAM after adsorbing Pb and Cd respectively.

Fabrication and properties of foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash

In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash （CFA） is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning elec- tron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray fluorescence （XRF）. The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabri- cated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an akernative source material for geopolymer production.

Surface modification of calcium carbonate:A review of theories,methods and applications

Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.

A review of the synthesis and application of zeolites from coal-based solid wastes

Zeolite derived from coal-based solid wastes(coal gangue and coal fly ash)can overcome the environmental problems caused by coal-based solid wastes and achieve valuable utilization.In this paper,the physicochemical properties of coal gangue and coal fly ash are introduced.The mechanism and application characteristics of the pretreatment processes for zeolite synthesis from coal-based solid wastes are also introduced.The synthesis processes of coal-based solid waste zeolite and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.Furthermore,the application characteristics of various coal-based solid waste zeolites and their common application fields are illustrated.Finally,we propose an alkaline fusion-assisted supercritical hydrothermal crystallization as an efficient method for synthesizing coal-based solid waste zeolites.In addition,more attention should be given to the recycling of alkaline waste liquid and the application of coal-based solid waste zeolites in the field of volatile organic compound adsorption removal.

Separation of m-cresol from aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane using ionic liquids via hydrogen bond interaction

Low temperature coal tar contained a large amount of phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons and alkanes;the separation of phenols from coal tar has a great significance to the deep processing of coal tar. In this work, the separation of m-cresol from cumene and n-heptane by liquid–liquid extraction using ionic liquids(ILs) as extractants was studied. The suitable ILs were screened by conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS)model and the liquid–liquid phase equilibrium(LLE) experiments were to verify the accuracy of the screening results. The extraction conditions such as extraction time, extraction temperature and mass ratio of ILs to model oils were evaluated. An internal mechanism of the m-cresol extract by ILs was revealed by COSMO-RS calculation and FT-IR. The results showed that the selected ILs can extract m-cresol effectively from cumene and nheptane, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate(emim CH3 COO) was the best extraction solvent. A hydrogen bond between anion of ILs and phenolic hydroxyl groups was observed. M-cresol in model oils could be extracted with extraction efficiencies up to 98.85% at an emim CH3 COO: model oils mass ratio of 0.5 and 298.15 K,emim CH3 COO could be regenerated and reused for 4 cycles without obvious decreases in extraction efficiency and extractant mass.

Solubility and metastable zone width measurement of 3,4-bis (3-nitrofurazan-4-yl) furoxan (DNTF) in ethanol + water

The solubility and supersolubility of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan(DNTF) in ethanol + water at different operation were determined by laser monitoring system under atmospheric pressure to study the metastable zone width(MSZW). The modified Apelblat equation was adopted to correlate the experimental solubility data, and the correlation result showed perfect consistent with the experimental data. The standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and Gibbs energy were calculated according to the experimental solubility data. The effect of the cooling rate, stirring rate, temperature and the concentration of ethanol + water on the MSZW was studied. It was found that the MSZW of DNTF increased with the increasing cooling rate, decreasing temperature, decreasing stirring rate and decreasing ratio of water. And the apparent nucleation order of DNTF in ethanol + water was calculated by the relationship between the cooling rate and the MSZW.

Experimental forward and reverse in situ combustion gasification of lignite with production of hydrogen-rich syngas

This research focused on the feasibility of applying the forward and reverse combustion approach to the in situ gasification of lignite with the production of hydrogen-rich syngas(H_(2)and CO).The so-called forward combustion gasification(FCG)and reverse combustion gasification(RCG)approach in which oxygen and steam are simultaneously fed to the simulated system of underground coal gasification(UCG)was studied.A simulated system of UCG was designed and established.The underground conditions of the coal seam and strata were simulated in the system.The combustion gasification of lignite has been carried out experimentally for almost 6.5 days.The average effective content(H_(2)+CO)of syngas during the FCG phase was 62.31%and the maximum content was 70.92%.For the RCG phase the corresponding figures are 61.33%and 67.91%.Thus,the feasibility of using RCG way for UCG has been demonstrated.The temperature profiles have been provided by using of 85 thermocouples during the model experiment,which portrayed the several nephograms of thermal data in the gasifier were of significance for the prospective gasification processes.

Strength and thermal behavior of low weight foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash

A comparative study of the influence of elevated temperature on foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash（CFA） was reported. Foam geopoymers were prepared with different amounts of foam agent and different Si O2/Al2O3 molar ratios of 3.1, 3.4, and 3.8. The mechanical, thermo-physical properties and microstructure of the foam geopolymers before and after exposure to elevated temperature of 800, 1000, and 1200 ℃ were investigated. The specimen with Si O2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 3.8 exhibits the highest compressive strength, better microstructure and dimension stability before and after firing. Carnegeite, nepheline, and zeolite crystalline phases appearing after exposure may contribute to the good post-exposure strength. Low weight foam geopolymer using CFA can increase strength and maintain higher stability as high as 1000 ℃.

Effects of coal rank, Fe_3O_4 amounts and activation temperature on the preparation and characteristics of magnetic activated carbon

Coal-based Magnetic Activated Carbons （CMAC＇s） were prepared from three representative coal samples of various ranks： Baorigele lignite from Inner Mongolia; Datong bitumite from Shanxi province; and Taixi anthracite from Ningxia Hui Auto- nomous Region. Fe3O4 was used as a magnetic additive. A nitrogen-adsorption analyzer was used to determine the specific surface area and pore structure of the resulting activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was assessed by the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the evolution behavior of Fe304 during the preparation process. Magnetic properties were characterized with a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The effect of the activation temperature on the performance of CMAC＇s was also studied. The results show that, compared to Baorigele lignite and Taixi anthracite, the Datong bitumite is more appropriate for the preparation of CMAC＇s with a high specific surface area, an advanced pore structure and suitable magnetic properties. Fe304 can effectively enhance the magnetic properties and control the pore structure by increasing the ratio of meso- pores. An addition of 6.0% Fe304 and an activation temperature of 880 ℃ produced a CMAC having a specific surface area, an iodine adsorption, a methylene blue adsorption and a specific saturation magnetization of 1152.0 m2/g, 1216.7 mg/g, 229.5 mg/g and 4.623 emu/g, respectively. The coal used to prepare this specimen was Datong bitumite.

Lowering ash slagging and fouling tendency of high-alkali coal by hydrothermal pretreatment

High-alkali species in coal are notorious for causing ash slagging and fouling incidents.In this paper,four high-alkali coals were individually subject to hydrothermal pretreatment(HTP),within a batch-type autoclave at 300 -C for 1 h,and the treated coals were analyzed,along with the oxygen-containing functional groups determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR).Then the alkali species and other components in the coal ash were quantified by X-ray fluorescence(XRF)for evaluating the ash slagging and fouling tendency.Apart from this,FactSage was adopted to simulate the occurrence and transformation of alkali species during coal thermal conversion ending at various temperatures.The findings indicate that the treated coals are superior to the parent ones in terms of certain remarkable changes via HTP.The moisture,oxygen and sulfur of the hydrothermally treated coals decline obviously,while the calorific value rises sharply.HTP could reduce the alkali species to less than 2%(%,by weight,equivalent to Na2O in dry ash),with a maximum removal ratio of 88.9%,lowering the ash slagging and fouling tendency.The proposed mechanism of HTP was that the alkali species in coal matrix became released due to the breakage of the coal functional groups and micropores during HTP.

An Efficient and Stable Ionic Liquid System for Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol via Hydrolysis of Ethylene Carbonate

An ionic liquid system of [Bmim]X/[Bmim]OH(X Cl,BF4,and PF6,) was developed for the hydroly-sis of ethylene carbonate to ethylene glycol. The important parameters,such as the variety of ionic liquids,molar ratio of [Bmim]X to [Bmim]OH,amount of ionic liquid,molar ratio of water to ethylene carbonate,reaction tem-perature,pressure and reaction time,were investigated systematically. Excellent yield(>93%) and high selectivity(99.5%) of ethylene glycol were achieved. Under the optimum reaction conditions,the ionic liquid system could be reused at least five times and the selectivity of ethylene glycol remained higher than 99.5%.