Ancient DNA unravels species identification from Laosicheng site,Hunan Province,China,and provides insights into maternal genetic history of East Asian leopards

DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).

Analysis on Causes of Rural Land Expropriation Disputes Based on Smith's Model

Frequent occurrence of land expropriation disputes in rural areas of China has attracted attention of scholars to study causes. Most existing studies discuss causes from " structure- institution" level. In other words,land expropriation disputes are caused by existing imperfect institutions,regulations,and policies. Such analysis model points institutional causes,but pays little attention to policy implementation process,especially the subjective initiative of parties concerned. This paper described a decade-long land expropriation dispute case in detail.Through description of event and process and survey of reasons of actors,it revealed factors resulting in occurrence and upgrade of dispute,and analyzed factors and their interactions with the aid of Smith Process Model.

Antecedents of Microblogging Users’Purchase Intention Toward Celebrities’Merchandise:Perspectives of Virtual Community and Fan Economy

Over the last few decades,cross-fertilization between marketing and fandom studies in a mediated world has been rare,hindering the knowledge development for marketing practitioners in the Chinese fan economy context.The purpose of this study is to find and establish a conceptual framework that includes Online Interaction(OI),Parasocial Relationships(PSR)and virtual fan communities on Weibo,and how these contributory factors embedded in the interplay process of digital fandom practices in terms of enhancing fans’Purchase Intention(PI)and media consumption behaviours toward the celebrities’merchandise.Using an online survey instrument,this research collected 294 completed responses from fans who had online interactions with celebrities and engagement of virtual fan communities on Weibo.Key results and findings provided a clear framework of four antecedents based on the conceptual model and indicated that the high intensity of OI led to higher levels of the perception of PSR and the Sense of Virtual Community(SOVC).Increased PSR and the SOVC can be seen as significant positive predictors of the PI(a part of consumer identity construction as a fan)also.This study revealed the underlying mechanism of an emerging marketing genre,also provide useful implications of audiences’digital marketing practices for marketers,celebrities and policymakers.

Modified couple stress and thickness-stretching included formulation of a sandwich micro shell subjected to electro-magnetic load resting on elastic foundation

This paper studies electromagnetoelastic static investigation of a sandwich doubly curved microshell subjected to multi-field loading based on a new thickness stretching included refined higher order shear/normal deformable model.Modified-couple-stress-theory(MCST)is used for accounting small-scaledependency.The numerical results are derived using an analytical method.The effect of small scale parameter in micro scale,initial electric and magnetic potentials and foundation parameters is studied on the electromagnetoelastic bending results.It is confirmed an enhancing in stiffness of small scale shell with an increase in micro length scale parameter.

Bayesian Network Model of Product Information Diffusion and Reasoning of Influence

Information diffusion on social media has become a key strategy in people’s daily interactions. This paper studies consumers’ participation in the product information diffusion, and analyzes the complexity of information diffusion which is affected by many factors. Prior investigations of information diffusion have primarily focused on the composition of diffusion networks with independent factors and the intricacy of the process has not been completely evaluated. The majority of prior investigations have focused on strategies and the moving forces in social media processes and the determination of influential seed nodes, with few evaluations conducted about the factors affecting consumers’ choices in information diffusion. In this study, a Bayesian network model of product information diffusion was created to examine the links between factors and consumer deportment. It revealed how those factors had an impact on each other and on consumer deportment choice. The innovation of the thesis is reflected in the exploration and analysis of the specific communication path of product information diffusion, which provides a better marketing idea and practical method for the development of mobile e-commerce. The research findings can help identify the quantitative relationships between the factors affecting the process of product information diffusion and user behavior.

Discussion on Cooperative Learning of TourismEnglish in Higher Vocational Colleges

Training high-quality tourism talents is the teaching goal of tourism English in Higher Vocational colleges. It is necessary torationally design teaching objectives, tasks and planning projects. This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of positioningand transforming the new teacher's role in tourism English classroom teaching. In English teaching, we should take students as themain body, teachers as the leading role, situational teaching as the main means, and pay attention to the cultivation ofstudents'comprehensive English application ability. Through the introduction and implementation of cooperative learning intourism English teaching, while changing the traditional teaching mode, students'comprehensive ability can be enhanced bycultivating their subjective and participatory awareness. Create a real situation, integrate English learning into professionallearning, so that students' original professional knowledge and social experience can promote the learning of English knowledgeand help students construct English knowledge system. Encouraging students to participate in learning enthusiasm and creativity,reflects the modern educational concept, is a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy system adopted by many countriesin the world.

On Translation Thoughts of American Translator Howard Goldblatt

In 2012,Moyan won the Nobel Prize for literature to which the media and the scholars paid great attention.The translations of his works by Howard Goldblatt were also caught great attention.Howard Goldblatt was believed to help Moyan win the Nobel Prize.Based on this,it is necessary to study translation thoughts of Howard Goldblatt,which will provide some references for Chinese literature translations.

Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvironment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal China.It also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,respectively.Based on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and quantification.Results show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal assemblage.The ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of sustenance.Eventually,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their settlement.The research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.

钙化合物对高磷铁矿直接还原提铁降磷的影响

世界对铁矿石需求的不断增长导致磁铁矿资源逐渐枯竭,高磷铁矿的利用成为焦点。分别以碳酸钙(CaCO_(3))、氯化钙(CaCl_(2))、硫酸钙(CaSO_(4))为添加剂,使用直接还原-磨矿-磁选的方法,从热力学、铁金属化率、矿物组成和微观结构等方面研究了高磷铁矿(磷主要以Fe_(3)PO_(7)和磷灰石形式赋存)直接还原提铁降磷的过程。结果表明:在无钙化合物条件下,Fe_(3)PO_(7)中的磷被还原为单质磷,磷和金属铁反应生成铁磷合金,导致还原铁产品中磷含量高。CaCO_(3)促进了赤铁矿和磁铁矿的还原,提高了铁金属化率,但抑制了金属铁颗粒的生长。CaCl_(2)有利于金属铁颗粒的长大,由于挥发性FeCl_(2)的生成,降低了铁的回收率。CaSO_(4)促进了铁颗粒的生长,由于非磁性FeS的生成,铁的回收率急剧降低。CaCO_(3)、CaCl_(2)或CaSO_(4)均可与Fe_(3)PO_(7)反应生成磷酸钙(Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2))。添加CaCO_(3)生成的Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)与细小铁颗粒结合紧密,通过磨矿磁选难以铁磷分离,还原铁产品中磷含量为0.18%。添加CaCl_(2)或CaSO_(4),生成的Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)与金属铁颗粒的界限明显,磷通过磨矿磁选除去,还原铁产品中磷含量低于0.10%。

Melamine Nephrotoxicity is Mediated by Hyperuricemia

Objective We tested whether melamine nephrotoxicity was exacerbated by urate(a typical component of renal stones in humans)in rats with hyperuricemiainduced by the uricase inhibitor,potassium oxonate(Oxo).Methods Rats were exposed to melamine or Oxo alone or combinations of melamine(200-400 mg/kg)and Oxo(200-600 mg/kg)for 3 consecutive days.Kidney injury was evaluated by renal biochemical functions,histomorphology,and lipid peroxidation.Kidney crystals were analyzed for their composition.Results Nephrotoxicity was minimal in animals administered melamine or Oxo alone,but it was demonstrable in animals administered at least 800 mg/kg of the two compounds combined.All rats in the 400+600(melamine+Oxo)and 400+400 mg/kg groups and 4 out of 6 in the 200+600 mg/kg group died within 3 days;no rat died in the 200+400 or 200+200 mg/kg group.Dose-dependent renal damage resembling clinical findings in affected patients was observed in rats administered the two compounds.Crystal composition determination revealed the existence of melamine and uric acid in the affected kidneys,resembling human stones.Conclusion Our findings suggest that uric acid plays a key role in melamine-related kidney injury in humans.Future studies should consider uric acid together with melamine when examining adverse effects in humans.

基于氨基酸的古代食谱重建

古代食谱重建是目前国际考古学研究的热点之一。随着研究的深入,传统基于骨骼提取出骨胶原蛋白进行分析的方法逐渐凸显出一定的局限性。尤其是在考察先民食物结构和营养等级等方面,针对蛋白大分子获得的同位素信息,无法排除一些内在或外在因素的影响,因而常会引导我们做出错误的判断。因此,发展一种能进一步提高古代食谱研究准确率和分辨率的新方法,是当前科技考古研究的迫切需求。不同于大分子蛋白,氨基酸能在更细微的层面提供有机体和生态环境中有机代谢过程中多方面的信息,在生物考古领域内具有极大的应用潜力。以北非突尼斯迦太基凡达里奇墓地出土的人和动物样品为例(遗址年代约在公元5世纪中期至6世纪早期),进行基于骨胶原和单分子氨基酸的稳定同位素分析工作。对10个人和4具动物考古样品提取骨胶原,并进一步进行酸水解、衍生化等操作,通过气相色谱(GC)与同位素质谱(IRMS)串联技术,开展特定化合物同位素分析。研究结果揭示了该遗址先民的食谱特征,以C3类食物为主。重点考察了该遗址先民饮食中的蛋白摄入情况,结果表明该遗址先民饮食摄入有大量的动物蛋白,且不同个体存在较大差异。最后,通过对骨胶原和氨基酸分析结果所得结论的比较,证实基于单分子氨基酸的氮同位素分析对个体营养级位置的准确判断具有较大的优势。研究结果为深入研究我国古代先民食物结构差异和人群分化等问题提供了新的思路和依据。研究证实基于单分子氨基酸的同位素分析,将是显著提高古代食谱重建分辨率的有力手段,呼吁未来在我国考古材料中开展大量相关研究。

Eating disorders, body image, and dichotomous thinking among Japanese and Russian college women

This study explored cross-cultural differences between Japan and Russia in terms of women’s body images, proneness to eating disorders, and the effects of dichotomous thinking. Participants included 419 Japanese and 187 Russian college women who completed the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory (DTI), the 26-item version of the Eating Attitudes Test, and responses regarding nine figures representing female body shapes. The mean age of the participants was 19.8 years, with no significant age differences between the countries. The results showed that Japanese women have leaner ideal body images than Russian women, whereas there were no cross-cultural differences in the participants’ real body images. DTI scores among Russian participants were higher than DTI scores among Japanese participants, which indicated that Russian women think more dichotomously than Japanese. Structural equation modeling indicated a significantly negative effect of dichotomous thinking only on real body image in Russia;the ideal body image had greater effects on eating disorder in Russia than in Japan.

A Loaded Label:Intricacies of Being a Fan in Henrik and Sara Linden's Fans and Fan Cultures

In Fans and Fan Cultures,Henrik and Sara Linden examine what it means to be a fan in an increasingly globalized,digitized,and capitalized world.In an age when personal information is easily searchable in the Internet era,people can now become fans immediately with the click of a"like,""follow,"or"subscribe"button.The ideal fan is not an obsessive fanatic who claims ownership of the product,but rather one who is balanced and has a following of their own,thus making them not only a fan,but also an influencer and a brand advocate.As worldwide media is largely controlled by an exclusive number of corporations that determine what kind of media we consume,fandom and fan communities offer a compromise:Though corporations and brands shape and control the majority of media content,fandom serves as an opportunity for people with shared interests to come together,forge connections,and find a sense of value and belonging that exists outside the mundane.My analysis will concentrate on a selection of Linden and Linden's topics and explore how fandom has become a manifestation of the need for authentic,meaningful connections in a time when technological development effectively renders authenticity as a bargaining chip in a much larger marketing ploy.