Systematically sorting out the evolving pattern of solid waste management policies and studying the key points and development trends of solid waste management policies are conducive to the clarification of improvemen...Systematically sorting out the evolving pattern of solid waste management policies and studying the key points and development trends of solid waste management policies are conducive to the clarification of improvement path of solid waste management policies.Based on the promulgated solid waste management policies,this study applies statistical methods to the analysis of the text structure and contents of the solid waste management policies,attempting to find out the internal evolving pattern of the solid waste management policies in China.Closely integrating the current policy requirements for the construction of‘waste-free city’,this study puts forward a policy optimization and improvement path.The findings are briefly listed blow:①The solid waste management policies have demonstrated multiple text types and various levels of effectiveness,and the policy framework system is gradually optimized.②In each edition of solid waste management policy,the hotspot issues are highlighted with distinctive characteristics of the times and dynamic evolution.The policies are covering more fields,the contents are more targeted and comprehensive,and the implementation is more specific and practical.③The policies mainly focus on harmlessness,reduction,reclamation,pollution prevention,supervision and management,secondary pollution,recycling,circular economy,etc.④The government strengthens the top-level design from the macro level,focusing on policy guidance and standardization,policy coordination,technical support,and governance improvement to promote the realization of the goals of‘harmlessness,reduction,reclamation’.⑤The diversification of tools,approaches and factors supporting solid waste management,and the growing awareness of the technical support of solid waste management,and the management mode and governance path have entered the phase of adaptive transformation.Based on practical needs,the market oriented policies and incentive mechanisms for solid waste management are inadequate,applicable technical attention is not highly paid,and the comprehensive management level and governance capabilities are in urgent need of improvement.Combined with the theoretical research,practical actions and policy initiatives of the construction of‘waste-free city’in other countries,from the perspectives of solid waste full product lifecycle management,technical support paradigm policy,main body coordination policy,guidance incentive policy,laws and regulations and other aspects,the policy improvement path and direction of China’s‘waste-free city’are thoroughly discussed in this study.展开更多
The nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problem is defined as the minimization of a convex function with multiple linear constraints. The methods developed for nonlinear multidimensional programming problems are often...The nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problem is defined as the minimization of a convex function with multiple linear constraints. The methods developed for nonlinear multidimensional programming problems are often applied to solve the nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problems, but they are inefficient or limited since most of them do not exploit the characteristics of the knapsack problems. In this paper, by establishing structural properties of the continuous separable nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problem, we develop a multi-tier binary solution method for solving the continuous nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problems with general structure. The computational complexity is polynomial in the number of variables. We presented two examples to illustrate the general application of our method and we used statistical results to show the effectiveness of our method.展开更多
Purpose:This study empirically analyzes whether the rapid growth of loans and risktaking behavior during the expansion of loans affected non-performing loans(NPLs)and the solvency of financial institutions in the Turk...Purpose:This study empirically analyzes whether the rapid growth of loans and risktaking behavior during the expansion of loans affected non-performing loans(NPLs)and the solvency of financial institutions in the Turkish banking system.Design/methodology/approach:Using the GMM Generalized Method of Moments,this study used data on Turkish banks from 2011 to 2017 to test two hypotheses on the effects of loan growth on NPLs and solvency.Findings:This study finds significant results for the effect of loan growth on NPLs and solvency.NPLs rose from the previous year’s loan growth,which tended to reduce solvency.Research limitations/implications:Due to selected research methods,the results may lack generality.Therefore,future studies should test the propositions herein further.Practical implications:The results indicate that careful allocation behavior is required when lending.Additionally,these findings may be helpful to financial managers and decision makers.Originality/value:This study confirms the need to determine how to allocate loans during the loan boom periods.展开更多
文摘Systematically sorting out the evolving pattern of solid waste management policies and studying the key points and development trends of solid waste management policies are conducive to the clarification of improvement path of solid waste management policies.Based on the promulgated solid waste management policies,this study applies statistical methods to the analysis of the text structure and contents of the solid waste management policies,attempting to find out the internal evolving pattern of the solid waste management policies in China.Closely integrating the current policy requirements for the construction of‘waste-free city’,this study puts forward a policy optimization and improvement path.The findings are briefly listed blow:①The solid waste management policies have demonstrated multiple text types and various levels of effectiveness,and the policy framework system is gradually optimized.②In each edition of solid waste management policy,the hotspot issues are highlighted with distinctive characteristics of the times and dynamic evolution.The policies are covering more fields,the contents are more targeted and comprehensive,and the implementation is more specific and practical.③The policies mainly focus on harmlessness,reduction,reclamation,pollution prevention,supervision and management,secondary pollution,recycling,circular economy,etc.④The government strengthens the top-level design from the macro level,focusing on policy guidance and standardization,policy coordination,technical support,and governance improvement to promote the realization of the goals of‘harmlessness,reduction,reclamation’.⑤The diversification of tools,approaches and factors supporting solid waste management,and the growing awareness of the technical support of solid waste management,and the management mode and governance path have entered the phase of adaptive transformation.Based on practical needs,the market oriented policies and incentive mechanisms for solid waste management are inadequate,applicable technical attention is not highly paid,and the comprehensive management level and governance capabilities are in urgent need of improvement.Combined with the theoretical research,practical actions and policy initiatives of the construction of‘waste-free city’in other countries,from the perspectives of solid waste full product lifecycle management,technical support paradigm policy,main body coordination policy,guidance incentive policy,laws and regulations and other aspects,the policy improvement path and direction of China’s‘waste-free city’are thoroughly discussed in this study.
文摘The nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problem is defined as the minimization of a convex function with multiple linear constraints. The methods developed for nonlinear multidimensional programming problems are often applied to solve the nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problems, but they are inefficient or limited since most of them do not exploit the characteristics of the knapsack problems. In this paper, by establishing structural properties of the continuous separable nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problem, we develop a multi-tier binary solution method for solving the continuous nonlinear multidimensional knapsack problems with general structure. The computational complexity is polynomial in the number of variables. We presented two examples to illustrate the general application of our method and we used statistical results to show the effectiveness of our method.
文摘Purpose:This study empirically analyzes whether the rapid growth of loans and risktaking behavior during the expansion of loans affected non-performing loans(NPLs)and the solvency of financial institutions in the Turkish banking system.Design/methodology/approach:Using the GMM Generalized Method of Moments,this study used data on Turkish banks from 2011 to 2017 to test two hypotheses on the effects of loan growth on NPLs and solvency.Findings:This study finds significant results for the effect of loan growth on NPLs and solvency.NPLs rose from the previous year’s loan growth,which tended to reduce solvency.Research limitations/implications:Due to selected research methods,the results may lack generality.Therefore,future studies should test the propositions herein further.Practical implications:The results indicate that careful allocation behavior is required when lending.Additionally,these findings may be helpful to financial managers and decision makers.Originality/value:This study confirms the need to determine how to allocate loans during the loan boom periods.
