Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the global trend of low-carbon economy on China can not be overlooked,and it is both a challenge and an opportunity for China's future development.Based on comparative studies on the low-carbon economy of China,the U.S.,EU and Japan,the authors conclude that China should blaze a new path of lowcarbon economy development with Chinese characteristics,and the authors have put forward relevant countermeasures for China to address the global trend of low-carbon economy from angles of countries,enterprises and the

Quantitative analysis of hepatoma-specific α-fetoprotein(HS-AFP) by a new mini-column affinity chromatography and its clinical value in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To establish a convenient and economic method to determine hepatoma-specific α-fetoprotein(HS-AFP) for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods:HS-AFP from serum of HCC patients was separated by a mini-column Lens culinaris agglutinin(LCA)-affinity chromatography. The levels of serum total AFP and separated HS-AFP were detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Results:Circulating AFP was separated into three peaks(AFP-1,AFP-2,and AFP-3) by LCA-affinity chromatography. During the elution course,the AFP-1 and AFP-2 could be eluted with TE buffer. HS-AFP(AFP-3) from sera of HCC patients was eluted clearly on the LCA-sepharose gel mini-column with a solution containing α-methyl-D-mannoside. It was a part of total AFP and only found in sera of HCC patients. A ratio of more than 15% for HS-AFP to total AFP in serum was considered as a specific marker for HCC diagnosis with higher sensitivity(92.7%) and specificity(88.2%). Conclusion:The new assay for circulating HS-AFP analysis is more sensitive,repeatable,and convenient. Its clini-cal application would be useful to early diagnosis of HCC.

Impact of Sophisticated Stationary Forecast Techniques on the Bullwhip Effect in a Supply Chain

The bullwhip effect in a multistage supply chain was analyzed using sophisticated stationary forecasts (third order moving average and third order exponential smoothing forecasts). The third order exponential smoothing and third order moving average forecasts sometimes have a variance reducing effect on the supply chain.In a supply chain with positively correlated or independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) demands, the order variance based on simple moving average forecast (or simple exponential smoothing forecast) is larger than the order variance based on second order moving average forecast (or second order exponential smoothing forecast),and the order variance based on second order moving average forecast( or second order exponential smoothing forecast) is larger than the order variance based on third order moving average forecast( or third order exponential smoothing forecast). In addition, for i.i.d demands, third order exponential smoothing forecast leads to a larger variation than third order moving average forecast.

Time Optimization of Multiple Knowledge Transfers in the Big Data Environment

In the big data environment, enterprises must constantly assimilate big dataknowledge and private knowledge by multiple knowledge transfers to maintain theircompetitive advantage. The optimal time of knowledge transfer is one of the mostimportant aspects to improve knowledge transfer efficiency. Based on the analysis of thecomplex characteristics of knowledge transfer in the big data environment, multipleknowledge transfers can be divided into two categories. One is the simultaneous transferof various types of knowledge, and the other one is multiple knowledge transfers atdifferent time points. Taking into consideration the influential factors, such as theknowledge type, knowledge structure, knowledge absorptive capacity, knowledge updaterate, discount rate, market share, profit contributions of each type of knowledge, transfercosts, product life cycle and so on, time optimization models of multiple knowledgetransfers in the big data environment are presented by maximizing the total discountedexpected profits (DEPs) of an enterprise. Some simulation experiments have beenperformed to verify the validity of the models, and the models can help enterprisesdetermine the optimal time of multiple knowledge transfer in the big data environment.

Assessment for Production and Operation Ability of Medium and Small-sized Enterprises Based on Neural Network

In order to improve production and operation ability of medium and small-sized enterprises, an assessment-index system of production and operation ability was proposed, and a corresponding assessment model was established based on BP neural network. The conjunction weights of the neural network were continuously modified from output layer to input layer in the process of neural network training to reduce the errors between the anticipated and actual outputs. The results from an example show that this method is reliable and feasible. The production and operation ability of an enterprise with assessed result of 0.833 is fairly powerful, and that with assessed result of 0.644 is average.

Study on the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises

With the development of knowledge economy, the competition between high technology enterprises has gradually evolved into the competition of core competence based on knowledge, because high technology enterprises are typical knowledge-based enterprises. Few enterprises, especially for high technology firms, have all of the knowledge they need to compete effectively in the marketplace both at home and abroad, so more and more high technology companies are taking the advantage of strategic alliances to get their complementary knowledge. Since knowledge is the source of an enterprise’s competitiveness, knowledge management has become the most important means for enterprises to gain competitive advantage. There has been an increased growth in the literature on strategic alliances in recent decades. But what is less discussed in the existing literature on strategic alliances is the issue of knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises. Based on the characteristics of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises, and in line with the implication and the goal of knowledge management, this study tries to delve into this issue. The paper analyzes the key factors relevant to the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises and proposes guidelines on the process and measures that should be taken in the knowledge management of strategic alliances in high technology enterprises.

Optimal Scheme Selection of Agricultural Production Structure Adjustment——Based on DEA Model; Punjab(Pakistan)

This paper used the modern evaluation method of DEA （Data Envelopment Analysis） to assess the comparative efficiency and then on the basis of this among multiple schemes chose the optimal scheme of agricultural production structure adjustment. Based on the results of DEA model, we dissected scale advantages of each discretionary scheme or plan. We examined scale advantages of each discretionary scheme, tested profoundly a definitive purpose behind not-DEA efficient, which elucidated the system and methodology to enhance these discretionary plans. At the end, another method had been proposed to rank and select the optimal scheme. The research was important to guide the practice if the modification of agricultural production industrial structure was carded on.

Dislocation and Regression of the Role of Collective in Land Transfer

This paper expounds the origin of "collective" in the process of collective land transfer, and analyzes the dislocation phenomenon of the role of collective in the process of collective land transfer as follows: deviation of the role under the conflict of identity; offside of the role under the limitation of democratic construction; omission of the role under the segmentation of interests. In order to protect the legitimate rights of farmers, we should make the role of collective to revert on the basis of township government, farmer and collective, so that the role of collective is restored under the management of government; the role of collective reverts under the supervision of farmers; the role of collective returns under its own strengthening of democracy.

Further Understanding of the Food Safety Problem

Frequent occurrence of food quality and safety proves that it is not effective to solve the Problem only from mechanism and supervision mechanism. Instead,it may expand solution ideas from external environment inducing changes of social institutions. Edible agricultural products are raw materials of foods,so their quality and safety are decisive for food quality and safety. Combining with concept of quality and safety of edible agricultural products,from social economy,science,technology and culture,environment cognition,this paper made a further understanding of food quality and safety. It found that the quality and safety of domestic edible agricultural products are not completely resulted from human factor,and not completely quality and safety problem in practical sense. Design of problem solutions should consider such external factors as economic level and consumption concept,dual character of science and technology,cultural quality of the masses,and moral trait of the masses,and enhance matching of building of regulation tools with external environment.

A Simple Discussion on the Supply and Demand of Water Resources in the Western Region of China

We are accustomed to solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region by the thought of increasing the effective supply of water to meet the needs of Go-west Campaign. After introducing the dynamic equilibrium principle on supply and demand in economy, we find that we should solve the problem of the water scarcity in the western region through reducing total demand to achieve the dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand. Finally water resources in the western region can be enlarged by an accumulated way.

Optimal Model of Continuous Knowledge Transfer in the Big Data Environment

With market competition becoming fiercer,enterprises must update their products by constantly assimilating new big data knowledge and private knowledge to maintain their market shares at different time points in the big data environment.Typically,there is mutual influence between each knowledge transfer if the time interval is not too long.It is necessary to study the problem of continuous knowledge transfer in the big data environment.Based on research on one-time knowledge transfer,a model of continuous knowledge transfer is presented,which can consider the interaction between knowledge transfer and determine the optimal knowledge transfer time at different time points in the big data environment.Simulation experiments were performed by adjusting several parameters.The experimental results verified the model’s validity and facilitated conclusions regarding their practical application values.The experimental results can provide more effective decisions for enterprises that must carry out continuous knowledge transfer in the big data environment.

Study on the partner selecting method of strategic alliance inhigh and new technology enterprises

A successful and effective strategic alliance involves many factors, of which selecting a proper partner is the most important factor to achieve the success of the alliance. In view of the characteristics of strategic alliance in high and new technology enterprises and according to the analysis on the standards of partner selecting and the factors of the success of alliance, this paper does some deeper research on the partner selecting and the alliance evaluation process from the perspective of different strategic levels by using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluating method, thus providing a method to select the alliance partner for high and new technology enterprises in China.

Circular Economy Development Mode Based on System Theory

The paper tries to explore circular economy from the viewpoint of the system theory. Circular economy is a kind of complicated economic activity, and it is a wholly new ecotype economy proposed by Western countries after they had summed up many experiences and lessons from traditional economy. It is an entirety and has many layers. It keeps an open and dynamic balance. Because the system theory is the theoretical foundation of circular economy, we should systemically analyze and study circular economy from the macroscopic view, correctly grasp its operational laws, improve its service functions, and realize human beings' sustainable development. The paper introduces the content and general characteristics of the system theory and the idea of circular economy. Then it analyzes circular economy based on the system theory. The paper concludes that the integration of circular economy and the system theory can promote the functions of circular economy.

Application of Tradable Emission Permits in Europe

The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments.

Research of database-based modeling for mining management system

Put forward the method to construct the simulation model automatically with database-based automatic modeling(DBAM) for mining system. Designed the standard simulation model linked with some open cut Pautomobile dispatch system. Analyzed and finded out the law among them, and designed model maker to realize the automatic pro- gramming of the new model program.

Simulation Research of the TOC-Based Cost Accounting Impacting on Organizational Performance

After introducing a new management philosophy called Theory of Constraints (TOC), Dr Eli Goldratt applied it to the field of accounting, and formed a new set of measures for cost accounting. These measures are Throughput Contribution, Inventory and Operating Expenses. This paper applied the constraint-based cost accounting to three kinds of strategies decisions including contraction, cost and market, and uses the Gedunken experiment to do a contrastive research between the cost accounting based on TOC and the full-absorption cost accounting. The experiment proves that the cost accounting based on TOC outperforms the traditional cost accounting, and greatly improves organizational performance.

Information searches by consumers of miniature automobiles

We studied the information search behaviors of Chinese consumers of miniature automobiles. First, we identified the main sources where consumers acquire or seek information about miniature automobiles and discussed their extent of information search. Then, based on logistic regression and optimal scaling regression of statistics, we studied the influences of characteristics of consumers of miniature automobiles on the extent of information search and on Internet usage. The results indicate that consumers often utilize four sources to obtain information about miniature automobiles. The dominant information source for consumers is their friends/family, followed by dealers, newspapers, and TV. Age, occupation, education and income significantly affect the extent of information search, but gender and city of residence do not have significant impacts. Age, city of residence, occupation, education and income produce significant influences on Internet usage. Gender has an insignificant influence on whether a consumer uses the Internet to search for information.

Modeling and analyzing of nuclear power peer review on enterprise operational efficiency

Based on the practice and analysis of peer review in nuclear power plants, the models on the Pareto improvement of peer review, governance entropy decrease of peer review are set up and discussed. The result shows that the peer review of nuclear power is actually a process of Pareto improvement, and of governance entropy decrease. It’s a process of improvement of the enterprise operational efficiency accordingly.