Secondary arc discharge is a complicated physical phenomenon and one of the key fundamental issues associated with ultra high voltage(UHV)half-wavelength transmission lines(HWTL).With the establishment of a physical s...Secondary arc discharge is a complicated physical phenomenon and one of the key fundamental issues associated with ultra high voltage(UHV)half-wavelength transmission lines(HWTL).With the establishment of a physical simulation platform for the HWTLs,experiments were carried out regarding the motion and extinction characteristics of secondary arcs.The cathode arc root and the anode arc root were found to show an obvious polarity effect while the arc column was moving in a spiral,due to their different motion mechanisms.The extinction behavior was also recorded and experiments were designed with different compensation conditions.Results show that the arcing time can be greatly reduced if there exists an electrical compensation network.The research provides fundamentals for understanding the physics involved,especially the motion and extinction mechanisms of the secondary arcs.展开更多
TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and de...TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and decay characteristics of both pure oils and SNFs are measured by pulse electroacoustic (PEA) technique. The result reveals that compared with pure oil, SNFs have more uniform in- ternal electric fields with voltage applied and higher charge decay rate after removing the applied voltage. This is caused by the increase of shallow trap density in SNFs, due to the test results of thermally stimulated current (TSC). It is proposed that the electron trapping and de-trapping processes in shallow traps could be the main charge transport processes in the nanofluid transformer oil.展开更多
In the case where the knowledge of goal states is not known, the controllers are constructed to stabilize unstable steady states for a coupled dynamos system. A delayed feedback control technique is used to suppress c...In the case where the knowledge of goal states is not known, the controllers are constructed to stabilize unstable steady states for a coupled dynamos system. A delayed feedback control technique is used to suppress chaos to unstable focuses and unstable periodic orbits. To overcome the topological limitation that the saddle-type steady state cannot be stabilized, an adaptive control based on LaSalle's invariance principle is used to control chaos to unstable equilibrium (i.e. saddle point, focus, node, etc.). The control technique does not require any computer analysis of the system dynamics, and it operates without needing to know any explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position.展开更多
Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is widely investigated in order to obtain uniform low-temperature plasma.Many studies have proved that some barrier materials,especially electrets,can improve the uniformity of discha...Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is widely investigated in order to obtain uniform low-temperature plasma.Many studies have proved that some barrier materials,especially electrets,can improve the uniformity of discharge.It is regarded as an available way to get atmospheric pressure glow discharge(APGD).In this paper,discharge forms with 4 different barrier materials(alumina,quartz,PTFE and PET) are investigated,and the transition of discharge form depending on the air pressure are recorded to estimate the influence of barrier materials on discharge.By using electrets as barrier materials,homogeneous discharges can be obtained in a more wide pressure range.Under the same experimental conditions,discharges with electrets are more uniform or have larger uniform areas due to the storage and desorption of charges on the surface of electrets.The electrons deposited in the surface layer can be released on next half cycle when the polarity of the applied voltage changes,and provide a number of seed electrons,which makes the discharge more homogeneous.The capacitance and the permittivity of barrier materials have no effect on the discharge form directly.展开更多
The finite width of the plateau in the Hall resistance is studied quantitatively.If we give a filling factor v,the ratio of the plateau widthΔB to the center of the plateau BH square is constant for all other filling...The finite width of the plateau in the Hall resistance is studied quantitatively.If we give a filling factor v,the ratio of the plateau widthΔB to the center of the plateau BH square is constant for all other filling factors v'if v'=v+m with m any integer.The temperature dependence of the plateau width is also studied.Theoretical results are in good agreement with the data obtained from experiment.展开更多
Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) celebrates its 70th anniversary in 2022.It was transferred to a comprehensive and modern university on the international level in the 1980s from its traditional eng...Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) celebrates its 70th anniversary in 2022.It was transferred to a comprehensive and modern university on the international level in the 1980s from its traditional engineering predecessor,Huazhong Institute of Technology,founded in the early 1950s as part of China’s academic institution reorganization.展开更多
Stochastic unit commitment is one of the most powerful methods to address uncertainty. However, the existingscenario clustering technique for stochastic unit commitment cannot accurately select representative scenario...Stochastic unit commitment is one of the most powerful methods to address uncertainty. However, the existingscenario clustering technique for stochastic unit commitment cannot accurately select representative scenarios,which threatens the robustness of stochastic unit commitment and hinders its application. This paper providesa stochastic unit commitment with dynamic scenario clustering based on multi-parametric programming andBenders decomposition. The stochastic unit commitment is solved via the Benders decomposition, which decouplesthe primal problem into the master problem and two types of subproblems. In the master problem, the committedgenerator is determined, while the feasibility and optimality of generator output are checked in these twosubproblems. Scenarios are dynamically clustered during the subproblem solution process through the multiparametric programming with respect to the solution of the master problem. In other words, multiple scenariosare clustered into several representative scenarios after the subproblem is solved, and the Benders cut obtainedby the representative scenario is generated for the master problem. Different from the conventional stochasticunit commitment, the proposed approach integrates scenario clustering into the Benders decomposition solutionprocess. Such a clustering approach could accurately cluster representative scenarios that have impacts on theunit commitment. The proposed method is tested on a 6-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system.Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in clustering scenarios. Compared withthe conventional clustering method, the proposed method can accurately select representative scenarios whilemitigating computational burden, thus guaranteeing the robustness of unit commitment.展开更多
Smart grid construction is an important carrier and an effective way to promote the development of lowcarbon economy.Demand response(DR)is commonly regarded as an important core technology in smart grid field,and it r...Smart grid construction is an important carrier and an effective way to promote the development of lowcarbon economy.Demand response(DR)is commonly regarded as an important core technology in smart grid field,and it reflects the flexible and interactive features of the core business in smart electricity.It is the developing direction of automated demand response(ADR)technology,and its main features are the standardization of information exchange,together with the intelligence of decision-making and the automation of implementations.ADR technology can improve the efficiency of the whole power system and enhance the ability to accept new energy sources.This paper analyzes the role of demand response in improving efficiency and low-carbon energy saving power systems.The automated demand response system architecture is investigated,and the ADR roadmap of commercial/industrial and residential customer is proposed.The key technologies for ADR system are analyzed,including demand response strategy,information exchanging model,measurement and verification techniques,and multi-agent scheduling techniques.To ensure the interoperability between the grid side and the user side,the ADR business in smart grid user interface standards is concluded to support further demand side management project.展开更多
To study the influence of skewed rotors and different skew angles on the losses of squirrel cage asynchronous motors,a 5.5-kW motor was taken as an example and the multi-sliced field-circuit coupled time stepping fini...To study the influence of skewed rotors and different skew angles on the losses of squirrel cage asynchronous motors,a 5.5-kW motor was taken as an example and the multi-sliced field-circuit coupled time stepping finite element method(T-S FEM)was used to analyze the axially non-uniform fundamental and harmonic field distribution characteristics at typical locations in the stator and rotor cores.The major conclusions are:firstly the skewed rotor exhibits a decrease in the harmonic copper losses caused by slot harmonic currents in the stator winding and rotor bars.Secondly,the skewed rotor shifts the non-uniform distribution of field in the axial direction,which leads to more severe saturation and an increase in iron losses.The heavier the load,the more pronounced the increase in iron losses.Furthermore,the influences of different skew angles on motor losses are studied systematically,with skew angles from 0.5 to 1.5 stator tooth pitch.It is found that the lowest total loss occurs at 0.8 stator tooth pitch,and the slot harmonics can be decreased effectively.展开更多
The direct‐current circuit breaker(DCCB)is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids.Despite a late start,China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements.This articl...The direct‐current circuit breaker(DCCB)is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids.Despite a late start,China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements.This article provides a brief glance of current China's DCCB development status.It begins by sorting out the technical route according to the topology of DCCB.Then it systematically summarises both mechanical and hybrid DCCBs with focussing on the aspects of topology structure and principle,key technology and characteristics,prototype development and application.It is apparent that Chinese scientists and engineers confronted the worldwide problem of large capacity DC breaking,and put forward a comprehensive solution which consists of an innovative topology structure based on coupled negative voltage circuit,breaking throughs on the key technologies such as highly controllable and reliable fault current commutation,millisecond‐level ultra‐fast and efficient electromagnetic repulsion mechanism,high tolerance and high stability power electronic switch,low residual voltage and fast response energy consumption device,etc.The article states that the world's first set of hybrid high‐voltage(HV)DCCB,and the first set of mechanical HV DCCB have been developed.These DCCBs will soon be deployed to the DC grids which have the highest voltage levels therefore require the strongest breaking capacity.These achievements are leading the world in the development and application of DCCB.The article also discusses the overall development trends of DCCB in the areas of new topologies,key techno-logical breakthroughs and application scenarios,etc.These discussions serve as references for DCCB's future technological advancement and its ever‐expanding applications.展开更多
An outer loop power control algorithm based on triangle norm(t-norm) information fusion technology is proposed in this paper.According to the difference between block error rate and bit error rate with target values,t...An outer loop power control algorithm based on triangle norm(t-norm) information fusion technology is proposed in this paper.According to the difference between block error rate and bit error rate with target values,the membership function calculation and level dividing of the two differences are dealt with.And then t-norm operator is used to fuse the two membership function values to determine the adjustment step-size.The algorithm can acquire the optimal adjustment step-size in the light of the channel status and avoid the overshoot phenomenon of the existing outer power control methods.As a result,the block error rate can converge to the target value quickly.Experiment results verify the excellent property of the algorithm.展开更多
Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials,consisting of atomically thin layers,are of paramount importance in physics,chemistry,and materials science owing to their unique properties and various promising applications.Howev...Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials,consisting of atomically thin layers,are of paramount importance in physics,chemistry,and materials science owing to their unique properties and various promising applications.However,their fast and large‐scale growth via a general approach is still a big challenge,severely limiting their practical implementations.Here,we report a universal method for rapid(~60 min)and large‐scale(gram scale)growth of phase‐pure,high‐crystalline layered vdW materials from their elementary powders via microwave plasma heating in sealed ampoules.This method can be used for growth of 30 compounds with different components(binary,ternary,and quaternary)and properties.The ferroelectric and transport properties of mechanically exfoliated flakes validate the high crystal quality of the grown materials.Our study provides a general strategy for the fast and large‐scale growth of layered vdW materials with appealing physiochemical properties,which could be used for various promising applications.展开更多
Atomic-undercoordination-induced local bond contraction,bond strength gain,and the associated temperature (T)-dependent atomic-cohesive-energy and binding-energy-density are shown to originate intrinsically the exotic...Atomic-undercoordination-induced local bond contraction,bond strength gain,and the associated temperature (T)-dependent atomic-cohesive-energy and binding-energy-density are shown to originate intrinsically the exotic paradox of superplasticity,superelasticity,and superrigidity demonstrated by solid sizing from monatomic chain to mesoscopic grain.The paradox follows these relationships:(ε(K,T)y(K,T)σ(K,T))∝(exp(B/△T_(mk)),(η_1△T_(mk))d~(-3),[1+AK~(-2/2)exp(△T_(mk)/T)]△T_(mk)d~(-3)),(Plastic strain)(Elastic modulus)(Yield stress,IHPR)where A,B,η1,d and△T_(mk)=Tm(K) Tare size (K)-dependent physical parameters.Tm (K) is the melting point.Mechanical work hardening during compressing and self-heating during stretching modulate the measured outcome extrinsically.Superplasticity dominates in the solid-quasimolten-liquid transition state.The competition between the accumulation and annihilation of dislocations activates the inverse Hall-Petch relationship.Therefore,it is essential for one to discriminate the intrinsic competition between the local bond energy density gain and the atomic cohesive energy loss from the extrinsic factors of pressure and temperature in dealing with atomistic mechano-thermo dynamics.展开更多
Based on frequency demodulation method, a novel fiber Bragg grating(FBG) velocimeter which can achieve wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement is proposed in this paper. The wind speed and temperature synch...Based on frequency demodulation method, a novel fiber Bragg grating(FBG) velocimeter which can achieve wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement is proposed in this paper. The wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement is realized by cup anemometer(CA) signal modulation and Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT) signal processing. The working principle of the novel FBG velocimeter is demonstrated and its theory calculation model is also set up by using basic mechanical knowledge and blade element momentum(BEM). Further, calibration experiment is carried out on one prototype of the FBG velocimeter to obtain its measurement performance. HHT is introduced to deal with calibration experiment data. After data analyses, the results show that the novel FBG velocimter can achieve high-precision wind speed measurement of 0.012 m/s with minimum detection limit of 0.41 m/s, and its temperature detection precision is 10.6 pm/°C.展开更多
This paper discusses the design of a wideband low noise amplifier(LNA) in which specific architecture decisions were made in consideration of system-on-chip implementation for radio-astronomy applications.The LNA desi...This paper discusses the design of a wideband low noise amplifier(LNA) in which specific architecture decisions were made in consideration of system-on-chip implementation for radio-astronomy applications.The LNA design is based on a novel ultra-low noise InGaAs/InAlAs/InP pHEMT.Linear and non-linear modelling of this pHEMT has been used to design an LNA operating from 2 to 4 GHz.A common-drain in cascade with a common source inductive degeneration,broadband LNA topology is proposed for wideband applications.The proposed configuration achieved a maximum gain of 27 dB and a noise figure of 0.3 dB with a good input and output return loss(S_(11)<—10 dB,S_(22)<—11 dB).This LNA exhibits an input 1-dB compression point of-18 dBm,a third order input intercept point of 0 dBm and consumes 85 mW of power from a 1.8 V supply.展开更多
The multi-source and single-sink(MSSS) topology in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) is defined as a network topology,where all of nodes can gather,receive and transmit data to the sink.In energy-constrained WSNs with su...The multi-source and single-sink(MSSS) topology in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) is defined as a network topology,where all of nodes can gather,receive and transmit data to the sink.In energy-constrained WSNs with such a topology,the joint optimal design in the physical,medium access control(MAC) and network layers is considered for network lifetime maximization(NLM).The problem of integrating multi-layer information to compute NLM,which involves routing flow,link schedule and transmission power,is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem.Specially under time division multiple access(TDMA) scheme,this problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem.To solve it analytically we make use of the property that local optimization is global optimization in convex problem.This allows us to exploit the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions to solve it and obtain analytical solution expression,i.e.,the globally optimal network lifetime(NL).NL is derived as a function of number of nodes,their initial energy and data rate arrived at them. Based on the analysis of analytical approach,it takes the influence of data rates,link access and routing method over NLM into account.Moreover,the globally optimal transmission schemes are achieved by solution set during analytical approach and applied to algorithms in TDMA-based WSNs aiming at NLM on OMNeT++ to compare with other suboptimal schemes.展开更多
Hybrid AC/DC distribution networks are promising candidates for future applications due to their rapid advancement in power electronics technology.They use interface converters(IFCs)to link DC and AC distribution netw...Hybrid AC/DC distribution networks are promising candidates for future applications due to their rapid advancement in power electronics technology.They use interface converters(IFCs)to link DC and AC distribution networks.However,the networks possess drawbacks with AC voltage and frequency offsets when transferring from grid-tied to islanding modes.To address these problems,this paper proposes a simple but effective strategy based on the reverse droop method.Initially,the power balance equation of the distribution system is derived,which reveals that the cause of voltage and frequency offsets is the mismatch between the IFC output power and the rated load power.Then,the reverse droop control is introduced into the IFC controller.By using a voltage-active power/frequency-reactive power(U-P/f-Q)reverse droop loop,the IFC output power enables adaptive tracking of the rated load power.Therefore,the AC voltage offset and frequency offset are suppressed during the transfer process of operational modes.In addition,the universal parameter design method is discussed based on the stability limitations of the control system and the voltage quality requirements of AC critical loads.Finally,simulation and experimental results clearly validate the proposed control strategy and parameter design method.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51277061)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2011AA05A121)
文摘Secondary arc discharge is a complicated physical phenomenon and one of the key fundamental issues associated with ultra high voltage(UHV)half-wavelength transmission lines(HWTL).With the establishment of a physical simulation platform for the HWTLs,experiments were carried out regarding the motion and extinction characteristics of secondary arcs.The cathode arc root and the anode arc root were found to show an obvious polarity effect while the arc column was moving in a spiral,due to their different motion mechanisms.The extinction behavior was also recorded and experiments were designed with different compensation conditions.Results show that the arcing time can be greatly reduced if there exists an electrical compensation network.The research provides fundamentals for understanding the physics involved,especially the motion and extinction mechanisms of the secondary arcs.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51077050), Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
文摘TiO2 semiconductive nanoparticles are added into mineral and ester based transformer oil to form semiconductive nanofluids (SNFs) with the aim of enhancing the oil’s insulating performance. Charge accumulation and decay characteristics of both pure oils and SNFs are measured by pulse electroacoustic (PEA) technique. The result reveals that compared with pure oil, SNFs have more uniform in- ternal electric fields with voltage applied and higher charge decay rate after removing the applied voltage. This is caused by the increase of shallow trap density in SNFs, due to the test results of thermally stimulated current (TSC). It is proposed that the electron trapping and de-trapping processes in shallow traps could be the main charge transport processes in the nanofluid transformer oil.
基金supported by the Doctoral Foundation of North China Electric Power University (Grant No. kH0433)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program (Grant No. 2007DFA71250)
文摘In the case where the knowledge of goal states is not known, the controllers are constructed to stabilize unstable steady states for a coupled dynamos system. A delayed feedback control technique is used to suppress chaos to unstable focuses and unstable periodic orbits. To overcome the topological limitation that the saddle-type steady state cannot be stabilized, an adaptive control based on LaSalle's invariance principle is used to control chaos to unstable equilibrium (i.e. saddle point, focus, node, etc.). The control technique does not require any computer analysis of the system dynamics, and it operates without needing to know any explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50537020,50507003)Specialized Research Fund for the Doc-toral Programof High Education of China(20050079006).
文摘Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is widely investigated in order to obtain uniform low-temperature plasma.Many studies have proved that some barrier materials,especially electrets,can improve the uniformity of discharge.It is regarded as an available way to get atmospheric pressure glow discharge(APGD).In this paper,discharge forms with 4 different barrier materials(alumina,quartz,PTFE and PET) are investigated,and the transition of discharge form depending on the air pressure are recorded to estimate the influence of barrier materials on discharge.By using electrets as barrier materials,homogeneous discharges can be obtained in a more wide pressure range.Under the same experimental conditions,discharges with electrets are more uniform or have larger uniform areas due to the storage and desorption of charges on the surface of electrets.The electrons deposited in the surface layer can be released on next half cycle when the polarity of the applied voltage changes,and provide a number of seed electrons,which makes the discharge more homogeneous.The capacitance and the permittivity of barrier materials have no effect on the discharge form directly.
文摘The finite width of the plateau in the Hall resistance is studied quantitatively.If we give a filling factor v,the ratio of the plateau widthΔB to the center of the plateau BH square is constant for all other filling factors v'if v'=v+m with m any integer.The temperature dependence of the plateau width is also studied.Theoretical results are in good agreement with the data obtained from experiment.
文摘Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) celebrates its 70th anniversary in 2022.It was transferred to a comprehensive and modern university on the international level in the 1980s from its traditional engineering predecessor,Huazhong Institute of Technology,founded in the early 1950s as part of China’s academic institution reorganization.
基金the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China,Grant Number 5108-202304065A-1-1-ZN.
文摘Stochastic unit commitment is one of the most powerful methods to address uncertainty. However, the existingscenario clustering technique for stochastic unit commitment cannot accurately select representative scenarios,which threatens the robustness of stochastic unit commitment and hinders its application. This paper providesa stochastic unit commitment with dynamic scenario clustering based on multi-parametric programming andBenders decomposition. The stochastic unit commitment is solved via the Benders decomposition, which decouplesthe primal problem into the master problem and two types of subproblems. In the master problem, the committedgenerator is determined, while the feasibility and optimality of generator output are checked in these twosubproblems. Scenarios are dynamically clustered during the subproblem solution process through the multiparametric programming with respect to the solution of the master problem. In other words, multiple scenariosare clustered into several representative scenarios after the subproblem is solved, and the Benders cut obtainedby the representative scenario is generated for the master problem. Different from the conventional stochasticunit commitment, the proposed approach integrates scenario clustering into the Benders decomposition solutionprocess. Such a clustering approach could accurately cluster representative scenarios that have impacts on theunit commitment. The proposed method is tested on a 6-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system.Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in clustering scenarios. Compared withthe conventional clustering method, the proposed method can accurately select representative scenarios whilemitigating computational burden, thus guaranteeing the robustness of unit commitment.
基金This work was supported by the science and technology projects from State Grid Corporation.
文摘Smart grid construction is an important carrier and an effective way to promote the development of lowcarbon economy.Demand response(DR)is commonly regarded as an important core technology in smart grid field,and it reflects the flexible and interactive features of the core business in smart electricity.It is the developing direction of automated demand response(ADR)technology,and its main features are the standardization of information exchange,together with the intelligence of decision-making and the automation of implementations.ADR technology can improve the efficiency of the whole power system and enhance the ability to accept new energy sources.This paper analyzes the role of demand response in improving efficiency and low-carbon energy saving power systems.The automated demand response system architecture is investigated,and the ADR roadmap of commercial/industrial and residential customer is proposed.The key technologies for ADR system are analyzed,including demand response strategy,information exchanging model,measurement and verification techniques,and multi-agent scheduling techniques.To ensure the interoperability between the grid side and the user side,the ADR business in smart grid user interface standards is concluded to support further demand side management project.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)(Grant No.2009AA05Z207)
文摘To study the influence of skewed rotors and different skew angles on the losses of squirrel cage asynchronous motors,a 5.5-kW motor was taken as an example and the multi-sliced field-circuit coupled time stepping finite element method(T-S FEM)was used to analyze the axially non-uniform fundamental and harmonic field distribution characteristics at typical locations in the stator and rotor cores.The major conclusions are:firstly the skewed rotor exhibits a decrease in the harmonic copper losses caused by slot harmonic currents in the stator winding and rotor bars.Secondly,the skewed rotor shifts the non-uniform distribution of field in the axial direction,which leads to more severe saturation and an increase in iron losses.The heavier the load,the more pronounced the increase in iron losses.Furthermore,the influences of different skew angles on motor losses are studied systematically,with skew angles from 0.5 to 1.5 stator tooth pitch.It is found that the lowest total loss occurs at 0.8 stator tooth pitch,and the slot harmonics can be decreased effectively.
基金Tsinghua UniversityHuazhong University of Science and Technology+2 种基金Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityGlobal Energy Interconnection Research Institute Co.,Ltd.NR Electric Co.,Ltd。
文摘The direct‐current circuit breaker(DCCB)is the most ideal choice for DC fault isolation in DC grids.Despite a late start,China's research and development on the DCCB have made outstanding achievements.This article provides a brief glance of current China's DCCB development status.It begins by sorting out the technical route according to the topology of DCCB.Then it systematically summarises both mechanical and hybrid DCCBs with focussing on the aspects of topology structure and principle,key technology and characteristics,prototype development and application.It is apparent that Chinese scientists and engineers confronted the worldwide problem of large capacity DC breaking,and put forward a comprehensive solution which consists of an innovative topology structure based on coupled negative voltage circuit,breaking throughs on the key technologies such as highly controllable and reliable fault current commutation,millisecond‐level ultra‐fast and efficient electromagnetic repulsion mechanism,high tolerance and high stability power electronic switch,low residual voltage and fast response energy consumption device,etc.The article states that the world's first set of hybrid high‐voltage(HV)DCCB,and the first set of mechanical HV DCCB have been developed.These DCCBs will soon be deployed to the DC grids which have the highest voltage levels therefore require the strongest breaking capacity.These achievements are leading the world in the development and application of DCCB.The article also discusses the overall development trends of DCCB in the areas of new topologies,key techno-logical breakthroughs and application scenarios,etc.These discussions serve as references for DCCB's future technological advancement and its ever‐expanding applications.
文摘An outer loop power control algorithm based on triangle norm(t-norm) information fusion technology is proposed in this paper.According to the difference between block error rate and bit error rate with target values,the membership function calculation and level dividing of the two differences are dealt with.And then t-norm operator is used to fuse the two membership function values to determine the adjustment step-size.The algorithm can acquire the optimal adjustment step-size in the light of the channel status and avoid the overshoot phenomenon of the existing outer power control methods.As a result,the block error rate can converge to the target value quickly.Experiment results verify the excellent property of the algorithm.
文摘Layered van der Waals(vdW)materials,consisting of atomically thin layers,are of paramount importance in physics,chemistry,and materials science owing to their unique properties and various promising applications.However,their fast and large‐scale growth via a general approach is still a big challenge,severely limiting their practical implementations.Here,we report a universal method for rapid(~60 min)and large‐scale(gram scale)growth of phase‐pure,high‐crystalline layered vdW materials from their elementary powders via microwave plasma heating in sealed ampoules.This method can be used for growth of 30 compounds with different components(binary,ternary,and quaternary)and properties.The ferroelectric and transport properties of mechanically exfoliated flakes validate the high crystal quality of the grown materials.Our study provides a general strategy for the fast and large‐scale growth of layered vdW materials with appealing physiochemical properties,which could be used for various promising applications.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 11002121,11102176 and 11172254)
文摘Atomic-undercoordination-induced local bond contraction,bond strength gain,and the associated temperature (T)-dependent atomic-cohesive-energy and binding-energy-density are shown to originate intrinsically the exotic paradox of superplasticity,superelasticity,and superrigidity demonstrated by solid sizing from monatomic chain to mesoscopic grain.The paradox follows these relationships:(ε(K,T)y(K,T)σ(K,T))∝(exp(B/△T_(mk)),(η_1△T_(mk))d~(-3),[1+AK~(-2/2)exp(△T_(mk)/T)]△T_(mk)d~(-3)),(Plastic strain)(Elastic modulus)(Yield stress,IHPR)where A,B,η1,d and△T_(mk)=Tm(K) Tare size (K)-dependent physical parameters.Tm (K) is the melting point.Mechanical work hardening during compressing and self-heating during stretching modulate the measured outcome extrinsically.Superplasticity dominates in the solid-quasimolten-liquid transition state.The competition between the accumulation and annihilation of dislocations activates the inverse Hall-Petch relationship.Therefore,it is essential for one to discriminate the intrinsic competition between the local bond energy density gain and the atomic cohesive energy loss from the extrinsic factors of pressure and temperature in dealing with atomistic mechano-thermo dynamics.
文摘Based on frequency demodulation method, a novel fiber Bragg grating(FBG) velocimeter which can achieve wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement is proposed in this paper. The wind speed and temperature synchronous measurement is realized by cup anemometer(CA) signal modulation and Hilbert-Huang transformation(HHT) signal processing. The working principle of the novel FBG velocimeter is demonstrated and its theory calculation model is also set up by using basic mechanical knowledge and blade element momentum(BEM). Further, calibration experiment is carried out on one prototype of the FBG velocimeter to obtain its measurement performance. HHT is introduced to deal with calibration experiment data. After data analyses, the results show that the novel FBG velocimter can achieve high-precision wind speed measurement of 0.012 m/s with minimum detection limit of 0.41 m/s, and its temperature detection precision is 10.6 pm/°C.
文摘This paper discusses the design of a wideband low noise amplifier(LNA) in which specific architecture decisions were made in consideration of system-on-chip implementation for radio-astronomy applications.The LNA design is based on a novel ultra-low noise InGaAs/InAlAs/InP pHEMT.Linear and non-linear modelling of this pHEMT has been used to design an LNA operating from 2 to 4 GHz.A common-drain in cascade with a common source inductive degeneration,broadband LNA topology is proposed for wideband applications.The proposed configuration achieved a maximum gain of 27 dB and a noise figure of 0.3 dB with a good input and output return loss(S_(11)<—10 dB,S_(22)<—11 dB).This LNA exhibits an input 1-dB compression point of-18 dBm,a third order input intercept point of 0 dBm and consumes 85 mW of power from a 1.8 V supply.
文摘The multi-source and single-sink(MSSS) topology in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) is defined as a network topology,where all of nodes can gather,receive and transmit data to the sink.In energy-constrained WSNs with such a topology,the joint optimal design in the physical,medium access control(MAC) and network layers is considered for network lifetime maximization(NLM).The problem of integrating multi-layer information to compute NLM,which involves routing flow,link schedule and transmission power,is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem.Specially under time division multiple access(TDMA) scheme,this problem can be transformed into a convex optimization problem.To solve it analytically we make use of the property that local optimization is global optimization in convex problem.This allows us to exploit the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions to solve it and obtain analytical solution expression,i.e.,the globally optimal network lifetime(NL).NL is derived as a function of number of nodes,their initial energy and data rate arrived at them. Based on the analysis of analytical approach,it takes the influence of data rates,link access and routing method over NLM into account.Moreover,the globally optimal transmission schemes are achieved by solution set during analytical approach and applied to algorithms in TDMA-based WSNs aiming at NLM on OMNeT++ to compare with other suboptimal schemes.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB0904700).
文摘Hybrid AC/DC distribution networks are promising candidates for future applications due to their rapid advancement in power electronics technology.They use interface converters(IFCs)to link DC and AC distribution networks.However,the networks possess drawbacks with AC voltage and frequency offsets when transferring from grid-tied to islanding modes.To address these problems,this paper proposes a simple but effective strategy based on the reverse droop method.Initially,the power balance equation of the distribution system is derived,which reveals that the cause of voltage and frequency offsets is the mismatch between the IFC output power and the rated load power.Then,the reverse droop control is introduced into the IFC controller.By using a voltage-active power/frequency-reactive power(U-P/f-Q)reverse droop loop,the IFC output power enables adaptive tracking of the rated load power.Therefore,the AC voltage offset and frequency offset are suppressed during the transfer process of operational modes.In addition,the universal parameter design method is discussed based on the stability limitations of the control system and the voltage quality requirements of AC critical loads.Finally,simulation and experimental results clearly validate the proposed control strategy and parameter design method.