Performance analysis of diffusion-based decode-and-forward relay with depleted molecule shift keying

The distance-decay effect of molecular signals makes communication range a major challenge for diffusion-based Molecular Communication(MC).To solve this problem,the intermediate nano-machine is deployed as a relay between the transmitter and its intended receiver nano-machines.In this work,we employ the Depleted Molecule Shift Keying(D-MoSK)to model a Decode-and-Forward(DF)relay communication scheme.The closed-form expression of Bit Error Rate(BER)for the concerned DF relay with D-MoSK is derived.Meanwhile,the maximum a posteriori probability,minimum error probability,and maximum likelihood schemes are formulated for data detection.The relationships between BER and other key parameters,including the number of released molecules,receiving radius,and relay position,are investigated in detail.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve communication reliability significantly.Moreover,the performance gain can be maximized by optimizing the position of the relay and the receiving radius.

Development of Self-Configuring Simulation System for Propelling AAA Fire Control

In this paper,the overall structure design of the Ethernet-based and distributed simulation system for propelling(AAA) fire control is proposed with introducing the concept of system self-configuring pattern.The advantage of this system self-configuring pattern is easy and flexible to configure the modules of the simulation system without doing much more reprogramming work,when the simulation system is needed to add or reduced the modules and simulation computers,and the scale of simulation system is needed to changed.Also the system is structured with standardized and modularized design procedures on the Windows OS platform.

Evaluation of thermal resistance constitution for packaged AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors by structure function method

The evaluation of thermal resistance constitution for packaged A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） by structure function method is proposed in this paper. The evaluation is based on the transient heating measurement of the A1GaN/GaN HEMT by pulsed electrical temperature sensitive parameter method. The extracted chip-level and package-level thermal resistances of the packaged multi-finger A1GaN/GaN HEMT with 400μm SiC substrate are 22.5 K/W and 7.2 K/W respectively, which provides a non-invasive method to evaluate the chip-level thermal resistance of packaged A1GaN/GaN HEMTs. It is also experimentally proved that the extraction of the chip- level thermal resistance by this proposed method is not influenced by package form of the tested device and temperature boundary condition of measurement stage.

Three-dimensional formation keeping of multi-UAV based on consensus

Consensus is an emerging technique using neighbor-to-neighbor interaction to generate steering commands for cooperative control of multiple vehicles. A three-dimensional formation keeping strategy for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(multi-UAV) is proposed based on consensus, aiming at maintaining a specified geometric configuration. A formation control algorithm with guidance and corresponding flight controllers is given, managing position and attitude, respectively. In order to follow a three-dimensional predefined flight path, by introducing the tracking orders as reference states into the consensus, the formation control algorithm is designed, following the predefined flight path and maintaining geometric configuration simultaneously. The flight controllers are constructed by nonlinear dynamic inverse, including attitude design and velocity design. With the whole system composed of a nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom UAV model, the formation control algorithm and the flight controllers, the formation keeping strategy is closed loop and with full states. In simulation, three-dimensional formation flight demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

On stabilization for a class of nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems:a matrix inequality approach

This paper treats the feedback stabilization of nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems with state and control-dependent noise. Some locally （globally） robustly stabilizable conditions are given in terms of matrix inequalities that are independent of the delay size. When it is applied to linear stochastic time-delay systems, sufficient conditions for the state-feedback stabilization are presented via linear matrix inequalities. Several previous results are extended to more general systems with both state and control-dependent noise, and easy computation algorithms are also given.

Effect of lateral structure parameters of SiGe HBTs on synthesized active inductors

The effect of lateral structure parameters of transistors including emitter width, emitter length, and emitter stripe number on the performance parameters of the active inductor （AI）, such as the effective inductance Ls, quality factor Q, and self-resonant frequency too is analyzed based on 0.35%tm SiGe BiCMOS process. The simulation results show that for AI operated under fixed current density Jc, the HBT lateral structure parameters have significant effect on Ls but little influence on Q and 090, and the larger Ls can be realized by the narrow, short emitter stripe and few emitter stripes of SiGe HBTs. On the other hand, for AI with fixed HBT size, smaller Jc is beneficial for AI to obtain larger Ls, but with a cost of smaller Q and 090. In addition, under the fixed collector current Ic, the larger the size of HBT is, the larger Ls becomes, but the smaller Q and ab become. The obtained results provide a reference for selecting geometry of transistors and operational condition in the design of active inductors.

Optimal traffic light control method for a single intersecti on basedon hybrid systems

A single intersection of two phases is selected as a model to put forward a new optimal time-planning scheme for traffic light based on the model of hybrid automata for single intersection. A method of optimization is proposed for hybrid systems, and the average queue length over all queues is used as an objective function to find an optimal switching scheme for traffic light. It is illustrated that traffic light control for single intersection is a typical hybrid system, and the optimal planning-time scheme can be obtained using the optimal hybrid systems control based on the two stages method.

An Analytical Model of SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors on SOI Substrate for Large Current Situations

The large current effect of silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors fabricated on thin silicon-on-insulator is included in the model.As the current is two-dimensional,the injection for large current is vertical plus horizontal and is quite different from that of the bulk device.Critical parameters modeling the large current,such as the collector injection width,the hole density and the corresponding potential in the injection region,are discussed,and the influence to the transit time is also analyzed.

Effects of Compression Garments on Lower Limb Muscle Activation via Electromyography Analysis during Running

Sports compression garments are common-selected sportswear to improve athletic performance and reduce sports injury. Since they consist of elastic textile that exerts compression and pressure onto the muscle,muscle activation is of interest to sports compression garment manufactures who seek to enhance sports performance through gradient compression garment design.However,there are few scientific investigations to explore this effect of muscle activation to evaluate the performance of sports compression garments during sport activity. In this paper, a systemic experimental protocol was presented to improve the quality of evaluation test under a standardized running test. Then muscle activation with and without wearing sport compression garments to highlight the changes caused by compression garment was investigated. The electromyography( EMG) signal was collected and processed by the proposed method to represent the muscle activation combined with gait analysis of running. As a result,the average muscle activation of gait cycle for the major muscles such as rectus femoris( RF) and gastrocnemius medialis( GM) revealed that they needed to exert more muscle force without wearing garment at certain periods for mid-stand and pre-swing phase within gait cycle. These lower muscle activation levels prolonged activity duration,reduced fatigue,and presented low risk for sport injury.Such an evaluation study therefore would scientifically prove the effect of compression garment and provide information on muscle activation and the ergonomic efficacy of gradient compression garment design.

Investigating connectional characteristics of Motor Cortex network

To understand the connectivity of cerebral cor-tex, especially the spatial and temporal pattern of movement, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during subjects performing finger key presses was used to extract functional networks and then investigated their character-istics. Motor cortex networks were constructed with activation areas obtained with statistical analysis as vertexes and correlation coefficients of fMRI time series as linking strength. The equivalent non-motor cortex networks were constructed with certain distance rules. The graphic and dynamical measures of motor cor-tex networks and non-motor cortex networks were calculated, which shows the motor cortex networks are more compact, having higher sta-tistical independence and integration than the non-motor cortex networks. It indicates the motor cortex networks are more appropriate for information diffusion.

Quadrature Kalman particle fitler

In order to resolve the state estimation problem of nonlinear/non-Gaussian systems, a new kind of quadrature Kalman particle filter （QKPF） is proposed. In this new algorithm, quadrature Kalman filter （QKF） is used for generating the impor- tance density function. It linearizes the nonlinear functions using statistical linear regression method through a set of Gaussian- Hermite quadrature points. It need not compute the Jacobian matrix and is easy to be implemented. Moreover, the importantce density function integrates the latest measurements into system state transition density, so the approximation to the system poste- rior density is improved. The theoretical analysis and experimen- tal results show that, compared with the unscented partcle filter （UPF）, the estimation accuracy of the new particle filter is improved almost by 18%, and its calculation cost is decreased a little. So, QKPF is an effective nonlinear filtering algorithm.

Bionic autonomous learning control of a two-wheeled self-balancing flexible robot

This paper presents an OCPA （operant conditioning probabilistic automaton） bionic autonomous learning system based on Skinner＇s operant conditioning theory for solving the balance control problem of a two-wheeled flexible robot. The OCPA learning system consists of two stages： in the first stage, an operant action is selected stochastically from a set of operant actions and then used as the input of the control system; in the second stage, the learning system gathers the orientation information of the system and uses it for optimization until achieves control target. At the same time, the size of the operant action set can be automatically reduced during the learning process for avoiding little probability event. Theory analysis is made for the designed OCPA learning system in the paper, which theoretically proves the convergence of operant conditioning learning mechanism in OCPA learning system, namely the operant action entropy will converge to minimum with the learning process. And then OCPA learning system is applied to posture balanced control of two-wheeled flexible self-balanced robots. Robot does not have posutre balanced skill in initial state and the selecting probability of each operant in operant sets is equal. With the learning proceeding, the selected probabilities of optimal operant gradually tend to one and the operant action entropy gradually tends to minimum, and so robot gradually learned the posture balanced skill.

RANSACs for 3D Rigid Registration:A Comparative Evaluation

Estimating an accurate six-degree-of-freedom(6-Do F)pose from correspondences with outliers remains a critical issue to 3D rigid registration.Random sample consensus(RANSAC)and its variants are popular solutions to this problem.Although there have been a number of RANSAC-fashion estimators,two issues remain unsolved.First,it is unclear which estimator is more appropriate to a particular application.Second,the impacts of different sampling strategies,hypothesis generation methods,hypothesis evaluation metrics,and stop criteria on the overall estimators remain ambiguous.This work fills these gaps by first considering six existing RANSAC-fashion methods and then proposing eight variants for a comprehensive evaluation.The objective is to thoroughly compare estimators in the RANSAC family,and evaluate the effects of each key stage on the eventual 6-Do F pose estimation performance.Experiments have been carried out on four standard datasets with different application scenarios,data modalities,and nuisances.They provide us with input correspondence sets with a variety of inlier ratios,spatial distributions,and scales.Based on the experimental results,we summarize remarkable outcomes and valuable findings,so as to give practical instructions to real-world applications,and highlight current bottlenecks and potential solutions in this research realm.

A sensor-based motion planner: Situated-Bug

Propose a new sensor-based motion planning approach of Situated-Bug, which is composed of goal-oriented behavior, boundary following behavior and goal-oriented obstacle avoidance behavior, which are based on fuzzy control. The situated-Bug selects its behaviors according to robot orientation, instead of positions and hit points like other Bug algorithms, and its convergence proves robust to sensor noise, and it can guide the robots running for long rang traverse. At the same time, the design of the Situated-Bug is presented. Simulation results show that the approach is effective and practical.

High performance silicon waveguide germanium photodetector

High-performance Ge-on-SOI p–i–n waveguide photodetectors with different sizes were fabricated. The performances, in terms of dark-current, photo current responsivity and 3-d B bandwidth, were well studied. A responsivity of 0.842 A/W at 1550 nm and dark current of 70 n A was measured from this detector at-1 V. The detector with a size of4 μm×10 μm demonstrated an optical band width of 19 GHz at-5 V for 1550 nm. Both the experimental results and the finite-difference time domain simulation show that, when the device size is above a certain threshold, the absorption is not sensitively dependent on such designing parameters as the width and length of the photodetector.

Design and implementation of a 3-A source and sink linear regulator for bus terminators

According to the requirements of the bus terminal regulator,a linear regulator with 3-A source-sink current ability is presented.The use of the NMOS pass transistor and load current feedback technique enhances the system current ability and response speed.The method of adaptive zero compensation realizes loop stability over the whole load range for either source or sink loop.Furthermore,the transconductance matching technique reduces the shoot-through current through the output stage to less than 3μA.The regulator has been fabricated with a 0.6-μm 30 V BCD process successfully,and the area size is about 1 mm;.With a 20μF output capacitor, the maximum transient output-voltage variation is within 3.5%of the output voltage with load step changes of±2 A/lμs.At the load range of±3 A,the variation of output voltage is less than±15 mV.

Improving the quality factor of an RF spiral inductor with non-uniform metal width and non-uniform coil spacing

An improved inductor layout with non-uniform metal width and non-uniform spacing is proposed to increase the quality factor（Q factor）.For this inductor layout,from outer coil to inner coil,the metal width is reduced by an arithmetic-progression step,while the metal spacing is increased by a geometric-progression step. An improved layout with variable width and changed spacing is of benefit to the Q factor of RF spiral inductor improvement（approximately 42.86%）,mainly due to the suppression of eddy-current loss by weakening the current crowding effect in the center of the spiral inductor.In order to increase the Q factor further,for the novel inductor, a patterned ground shield is used with optimized layout together.The results indicate that,in the range of 0.5 to 16 GHz,the Q factor of the novel inductor is at an optimum,which improves by 67%more than conventional inductors with uniform geometry dimensions（equal width and equal spacing）,is enhanced by nearly 23%more than a PGS inductor with uniform geometry dimensions,and improves by almost 20%more than an inductor with an improved layout.

PAPR Reduction Using CAZAC Sequences in SC-FDMA

In this paper,a group of methods in reducing Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)in 3GPP-LTE uplink Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access(SC-FDMA)using Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation Sequences(CAZAC)sequences were proposed.The authors discussed the methods of reducing PAPR using pilot sequences and detailed schemes.Then they investigated several CAZAC sequences,mainly about phase shifted sequences,such as Chu sequence,Frank sequence and Golomb sequence.They also compared the differences between various kinds of pilot sequence positions.Compared to simple binary sequences,CAZAC has a great improvement in peak power reduction.With respect to pilot sequence orders and pilot density,all three CAZAC sequences have similar performances,which is an advantage in designing SC-FDMA systems.

AlGaN/GaN Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron-Mobility Transistor Using a NbAlO/Al_(2)O_(3) Laminated Dielectric by Atomic Laver Deposition

We investigate the characteristics of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) with a NbAlO/Al_(2)O_(3) lamination dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as the gate insulator.A large gate voltage swing (GVS) of 3.96 V and a high breakdown voltage of-150 V for the MIS-HEMT were obtained.We present the gate leakage current mechanisms and analyze the reason for the reduction of the leakage current.Compared with traditional HEMTs,the maximum drain current is improved to 960mA/mm,indicating that NbAlO layers could reduce the surface-related depletion of the channel layer and increase the sheet carrier concentration.In addition,the maximum oscillation frequency of 38.8 GHz shows that the NbAlO high-k dielectric can be considered as a potential gate oxide comparable with other dielectric insulators.