Bio-capped and green synthesis of ZnO/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites and its improved antibiotic and photocatalytic activities: An exceptional approach towards environmental remediation

In this research study, we have synthesized the bio-capped ZnO/g-C_(3)N_(4) nanocomposites by employing lemon juice(Citrus limon) as a stabilizer and mediator. Fruitfully, lemon juice which contains various acidic functional groups and citric acid has the capability to block the surface of g-C_(3)N_(4) from chemical reactivity and activated the surface of g-C_(3)N_(4) for various reactions. Consequently, the agglomeration behavior and controlled shape of g-C_(3)N_(4) has also been achieved. Our experimental results i.e. XRD,TEM, HRTEM, PL, FS, XPS, and PEC have confirmed that the lemon juice mediated and green g-C_(3)N_(4)(L-CN) have good performances and remarkable visible light photocatalytic activities as compared to the chemically synthesized g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN). Furthermore, the small surface area and low charge separation of g-C_(3)N_(4) is upgraded by coupling with Zn O nanoparticles. It is proved that the coupling of Zn O worked as a facilitator and photoelectron modulator to enhance the charge separation of g-C_(3)N_(4). Compared to pristine lemon-mediated green g-C_(3)N_(4)(L-CN), the most active sample 5Zn O/L-CN showed ~ 5-fold improvement in activities for ciprofloxacin(CIP) and methylene blue(MB) degradation. More specifically,the mineralization process and degradation pathways, and the mineralization process of ciprofloxacin(CIP) and methylene blue(MB) are suggested. Finally, our present novel research work will provide new access to synthesize the eco-friendly and bio-caped green g-C_(3)N_(4)nanomaterials and their employment for pollutants degradation and environmental purification.

Synthesis and Characterization of Small Band-gap Conjugated Polymers - Poly(pyrrolyl methines)

A kind of small band-gap conjugated polymers-poly (pyrrolyl methines) and their precursors-(poly pyrrolyl methanes) have been synthesized by a simple method and characterized by (HNMR)-H-1, FT-IR, TGA and UV-Vis. These polymers can be dissolved in high polar solvents such as DMSO, DMF or NMP. The results reveals that the band-gap of the synthesized conjugated polymers are in the range of 0.96similar to1.14 eV and they all belong to the small band-gap polymers. The conductivity of doped products with iodine is in the range of semiconductor.

A novel one-dimensional Co-phenylmercaptotetrazole MOF templated fabrication of N,S co-doped Co_(9)S_(8)@NSC porous nanotubes for oxygen evolution reaction

In this work,we report a novel one-dimensional metal-organic framework(MOF)templated for the synthesis of transition metal sulfides with excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance via a self-sulfidation process,eliminating the need for additional sulfur sources.After pyrolysis,MOFs containing Co ions as the metal nodes and 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole(PMTA)as the ligand were transformed to Co_(9)S_(8)nanoparticles,which were encapsulated in a nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon(Co_(9)S_(8)@NSC)matrix.Additionally,PMTA,as a ligand,possesses the unique advantage of forming porous coordination polymers with a wide range of metals(e.g.,Fe,Ni,and Cu),enabling the versatile synthesis of transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts.Consequently,when served as the electrocatalyst for OER,the N,S co-doped Co_(9)S_(8)@NSC porous nanotubes exhibited excellent OER performance with the overpotential of only 248 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and long-term stability.These works provide new insights and inspiration for the rational design and development of non-precious metal-based sulfides with practical potential applications.

Reinterpret the heterogeneous reaction of α-Fe_(2)O_(3) and NO_(2) with 2D-COS:The role of SDS,UV and SO_(2)

Heterogeneous reaction of mineral aerosols and atmospheric polluting gases play an important role in atmospheric chemistry.In this study,the reactions of NO_(2) with or without SO_(2) mixture gas on the surface of α-Fe_(2)O_(3) particles under dry conditions were studied.The effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and the heterogeneous reaction under both dark and UV irradiation conditions were investigated.The infrared spectrum analyzed by the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)was used to obtain the products formation sequences.The results showed that UV irradiation can promote the production of nitrate.The 2D-COS analysis indicated SDS changed the sequence order of nitrate and nitrite species during reactions.In oxidation conditions,the final product of heterogeneous reaction of NO_(2) and α-Fe_(2)O_(3) was monodentate nitrate.Only the heterogenous reaction of NO_(2) and α-Fe_(2)O_(3) containing SDS(FOS)without UV light,the final product was bidentate nitrate.SDS was the catalysis agent supply and photoresist to the system.With surface active compounds,the environmental lifetime of heterogeneous reactions between trace gases and aerosols extends.Surfactants,ultraviolet light,and the types of gases involved in the reaction all have complex effects on the aerosol aging process.This study provided a reference for subsequent heterogeneous reaction studies and the formation of aerosols.

Ge nanoparticles uniformly immobilized on 3D interconnected porous graphene frameworks as anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Germanium(Ge), an alloy-type anode material for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), possesses many advantages such as high theoretical capacity and decent electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, its application is restricted by tremendous volume variation and tardy reaction kinetic during discharge/charge process.In this paper, the Ge/3DPG composites with Ge nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in 3D interconnected porous graphene(3DPG) skeleton are successfully prepared using a template-assisted in-situ reduction method. The unique 3D interconnected porous graphene can not only enhance the electronic conductivity and reaction kinetics of the materials, but also provide sufficient buffer space to effectively mitigate the volume expansion during cycling and strengthen the structural integrity. Moreover, the small-sized Ge nanoparticles in close conjunction with the 3D graphene can boost the surface-controlled reaction of the electrode, which contributes to a fast charge–discharge rate capability. The Ge/3DPG composite with optimized Ge/graphene mass ratio delivers high reversible specific capacity(1102 mAh g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C), outstanding rate capability(494 mAh g^(-1) at 5 C), and admirable cycling stability(85.3% of capacity retention after 250 cycles at 0.5 C). This work provides a significant inspiration for the design and fabrication of advanced Ge-based anode materials for next-generation highperformance LIBs.

Imide-based covalent organic framework with excellent cyclability as an anode material for lithium-ion battery

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)exhibiting reversible redox behaviors have been identified as promising candidates for constructing electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their extensive application has been limited due to finite redox sites and poor structural stability.In this study,we design and synthesize a novel polyimide covalent organic framework(PI-COF)using the traditional solvothermal method and successfully apply it as an anode material for LIBs.The large conjugated structure of PI-COF accelerates charge transfer,while its large surface area provides more active sites,making PI-COF an attractive anode material for LIBs.Furthermore,the PI-COF anode material demonstrates high reversible specific capacity and excellent long-term cycling stability due to its COF characteristics.Specifically,the PI-COF electrodes deliver a specific capacity of 800 m Ah/g at a current density of 200 m A/g after 200 cycles,while a specific capacity of 450 m Ah/g at a current density of 1000 m A/g is sustained after 800 cycles.The outstanding lithium storage capacity,particularly the satisfactory long-term cycling stability,establishes PI-COF as a promising material for LIBs.

Simultaneous removal of NO_(x)and chlorobenzene on V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)granular catalyst:Kinetic study and performance prediction

The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology,which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges.We developed a V_(2)O_(5)/TiO_(2)granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene(i.e.,an important precursor of dioxins).The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability.Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited,the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected,and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed.The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants(i.e.,NO and dioxins)emission control.

A new regeneration approach to cation resins with aluminum salts： application of desalination by its mixed bed

A novel method for the regeneration of cation exchange resins by aluminum （A1） salts was investigated in order to improve the regeneration efficiency of resins and reduce the dosage of regenerant. The influences of AP＋ concentration and the pH of regeneration solution on resin transformation had been studied. The desalination experi- ments were carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the A1 form resins. Experimental results showed that the regeneration rate of resins was strictly dependent on AP＋ concentration and the pH of the solution. Compared to the conventional regeneration method, the Al form mixed bed exhibited the same desalination capability as the H form mixed bed （MB）, and the total organic carbon （TOC） removal was up to 90%, clearly higher than that of the H form. Al salt solution could be utilized repeatedly to regenerate Al form resins.

Electro-assisted regeneration of ion exchange resins

Electro-assisted regeneration(EAR)for the mixed bed of strongly acidic cation and weakly basic anion exchange resins with the Al(OH)_(3) suspension in a three-compartment cell was investigated.The desalination experiments were carried out to evaluate the characteristic of the regenerated mixed resins.Experimental results showed that the efficiency of resin regeneration was strictly dependent on the voltage,regeneration time,and feed regenerant flow rate.The amount of the effluent reached 50 times the volume of the resins bed,and the conductivity was less than 1.0 ms/cm.Compared to the conventional ER,the total effluent volume of EAR was about 1000 mL more than that of ER under the same conditions,and the outlet conductivity was significantly lower.The desalination and regeneration reaction mechanisms of the mixed resins indicated the regeneration efficiency of resin with Al(OH)_(3) as the regenerant was much higher than that with H2O.