The Mineral Geochemical Discrimination of the Calcite Crystals in the Pores of Upper Ordovician Limestone and Its Environmental Significance: Take Tazhong Oilfield of Tarim Basin for Example

Based on the analysis of the morphology, order, cathodoluminescence and microelement of the calcite crystals in the pores of Upper Ordovician limestone in Tazhong oilfield of Tarim Basin, this paper suggest that the calcite crystals can divided 11 kinds of cements into three stages, and confirms their cementation sequence characteristics and formation environment. First stage of the cementation occurred on the bottom of the diagenetic environment, the product of which mainly are microcrystalline, fine shape, radiation fibrous, fasciculation, radiation axis shape calcites and a ball-like aragonite, whose filling pore is 0%–30%; the second one occurred in the atmospheric fresh water environment, with main cement types of crescent or pendulous shape, vadose silt, hyperplasia of coaxial, the filling pore of which is 5%–100%; the third one occurred in a burial environment, the crystals of which are bright and thick, mainly coarse sparry and poikilitic calcite, with filling pore of 5%–5%. In this paper, influence from each stage of cementation on porosity is analyzed, and pore evolution is established.

Research of Terrain 3D Visulization Method Based on IDL and Arcengine

Study on 3D terrain visualization is a hot research topic in GIS, virtual reality, computer graphics, digital photogrammetry and other fields, is also an important part of the digital earth strategy. Try to take advantage of IDL data processing and graphic display function and ArcEngine spatial analysis function, in the Visual c# under the environment of hybrid programming mechanism, use of component design and development of integrated development technologies analysis of terrain visualization application operating environment, realized the 3D digital terrain expression and spatial analysis function. The results show that the IDL and ArcEngine integrated development method applied to the 3D terrain visualization analysis software platform developed operability and extension force with strong, both in terms of space efficiency and image data analysis , development costs advantages.

The Expression of Oncoprotein in V79 Cells Which Effect with Chrysotile from China′two Major Origin and Alternative Fibers

Detect the change of the Expression of oncoprotein on the Chinese hamster lung cells (V79 cells) which effect with two main district of China and four alternative chrysotile fiber to investigate the factors of lung cancer. V79 cells were exposed to the suspension of Chrysotile and its substitute with different powder content, the survival rate of cells was monitored by MTT. After 48 h, the location, distribution and expression of Survivin, Cap43, Bcl-2, p16 and p53 in V79 cell were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared. In the six kinds of powder, the inhibition of rockwool on the growth of cells was weakest, the inhibition of Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan and Southern Shanxi on the growth of cells was strongest. Chrysotile from Xinkang Sichuan, Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi, glass fiber, ceramic fiber, rockwool and wollastonite had a certain influence on the survival rate of V79 cells. As the concentration of powder increased the survival rate of cells decreased, which showed dose-effect relationship. The expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 was upregulated and the expression of P16 and P53 was downregulated in V79 cells, which was obviously in the powder suspension of Chrysotile from Southern Shanxi and Xinkang Sichuan and glass fiber. The expression was mainly in cytoplasm. The influence of different kind of powder on the cells differed in degree. Chrysotile and its substitute can induce the development of cancer by upregulating the expression of Survivin, Cap43 and Bcl-2 and downregulating the expression of p16 and p53.

The Study on Genotoxicity of PM_(2.5) Mineral Dusts to A_(549) Cells

By detecting the influence of six main ingredients of PM2.5 mineral dusts on the A549 cell morphology, proliferation inhibition rate, micronuclei and DNA damage, to explore the genotoxicity of PM2.5 mineral dusts. (1) After exposure to six kinds of dusts of 200 μg/mL concentration for 24 hours, the morphology of A549 cells were observed using Wright-Giemsa staining. (2) After exposure to different concentrations of mineral dusts for 24 hours, the proliferation inhibition rate of A549 cells was detected by MTT assay. (3) Cells were exposed to PM2.5 mineral dusts at a concentration of 200 μg/mL for 24 h. After Wright-Giemsa staining, the rates of micronucleus cells were counted under oil microscope. (4) Observe Comet phenomenon by SCGE electrophoresis, the degree of DNA damage was observed by OTM. (1) Compared to the control group, membrane destruction, nuclear pyknosis and mineral surface adhesion were mainly seen in the Sericite group and Albite group. In the Quartz group and Montmorillonite group, enlarged cell gaps, loosely arranged cells, absorption of a large number of minerals on the cell surface, and cell pyknosis were observed. (2) The proliferation inhibition rate of the six kinds of dusts to A549 cells were (from large to small): KWC-M>Nano-SiO2>KWC-S>KWC-Q>KWC-A>KWC-C.The dust concentration was positively related to the inhibition of cell proliferation rate. (3) With the dusts concentration increased, the incidence of micronuclei gradually increased. The rate was positively correlated to exposure concentration. (4) The six mineral dusts can damage DNA of the A549 cells by dose-response relationship.The higher concentration of the mineral dusts, the more obvious of the DNA damagenation. There’s statistically significant compared with the control group. The six main ingredients of the PM2.5 mineral dusts can change A549 cell morphology from varying degrees, improve proliferation inhibition rate of the cells, increase the number of micronuclei cells, damage DNA.Then we come to the conclusion that PM2.5 mineral dusts can change the genotoxicity of the cells.

Lanthanides-Induced Cellular Signal Transduction: Implications in Pathogenesis of Fibrosis

With the extensive mining and application of lanthanides in China and worldwide, the potential impact of lanthanides on human health is gaining increasing attentions. The recent etiological association of gadolinium-based contrast agents with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) evoked widespread concerns regarding the safety issue of lanthanides. The elucidation of the cellular biological effects of and the signalling cascade induced lanthanides is essential for proper evaluation of their health impacts.

Study on the Dissolution of Dusts in Glutamic Acid

This article describes the characteristics of natural dusts, artificial dusts and industrial dusts, such as mineral phases, chemical components, morphological observation and size. Quartz and calcite are the main phases of natural dusts and industrial dusts with high SiO2, CaO and low K2O, Na2O on the chemical composition. Natural dusts are mainly irregular shaped and some particle aggregation made of small dusts on the surface of large dust. Industrial dusts are globular and blob-like, but artificial dusts are columnar and fibrous. The fine particles are mainly in the range of 0.3-5 μm,of which the dusts of less than 5 μm are over 99%.The dissolution and electrochemical action of dusts in glutamic acid liquor at the simulated human body temperature (37 ℃) in 32 hours were investigated. The changes of pH values and electric conductivity of those dusts were similar, increased slowly in first 8 hours, and then the pH values increased rapidly. The total amount of dissolved ions of K, Ca, Na, Mg was 35.4-429 mg/L, particularly Ca was maximal of 20-334 mg/L. The total amount of dissolved ions of Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba was 0.18-5.59 ppm and the Al, Si was 3.0-21.7 mg/L. Each element dissolved rapidly relatively in first 16 hours. The relative solubility order of dusts in glutamic acid are: wollastonite > serpentine > sepiolite, the cement plant industrial dusts > power plant industrial dusts, and natural dusts have similar solubility. The wollastonite and power plant industrial dusts have highest solubility, which have high content of CaO; this shows there are a poorer corrosion-resisting ability and lower bio-resistibility. Sepiolite and cement plant industrial dusts have lowest solubility, which have high content of SiO2; this shows there are a higher corrosion-resisting ability and stronger bio-resistibility.

Preparation of Phosphogypsum-Based Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Whiskers by Hydrothermal Method

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4·0.5H2O, HH) is one of the three most commonly phases of gypsum observed in natural precipitates. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker is a kind of fibriform single crystal with the mean diameter of 1-3 μm and the mean aspect ratio of 30–80. HH whisker was the most promising reinforcement seemed to be calcium sulfate-based due to its high intensity, high corrosion-resistance, good thermal stability, non-poisonous and low price. Thus, HH whiskers combine both reinforcement and low price, may be both effective in improving mechanical performance and extending application area.

Lime Assisted Cyanide Leaching of Refractory Gold Ores from Ajialongwa Mine

Heap leaching is a promising, less costly, alternative technology for processing low grade gold ores compared with traditional, energy intensive processes (e.g. autoclave/tank leaching). This research investigated the effectiveness of lime for enhancing gold leaching rates of gold ores from ajialongwa gold mine in china. Column and heaping experiments were performed using cyanide leaching solutions at pH=10, with and without lime (CaO). The presence of lime greatly increased gold leaching rates. Column leaching experiments showed without the addition of lime, there was 35.2% of gold leached. The addition of lime resulted in the release of 50.56% gold. Lime assisted cyanide of refractory gold was proved by heap leaching experiments.

Thermal Degradation of PCDD/Fs Promoted by Alcohol Amines in Different Types of Incinerator Ashes

The low-temperature thermal treatment to degrade PCDD/Fs contained in fly ash was promoted by alcohol amines in a closed system. Three types of fly ash collected separately from municipal solid waste incinerator, medical waste incinerator and hazardous waste incinerator, were compared. Experimental design was used to investigate the homologue patterns of PCDD/Fs and distribution of the toxic congeners in fly ash from incinerator after thermal treatment promoted by alcohol amines. The effect of ethanolamine (MEA) on the hydrodechlorination reaction of polychlorinated aromatics pollutants on fly ash from solid waste incinerator was carried out, and the three ashes clearly showed different degradation potentials for PCDD/F during thermal treatment. Results from the present study indicate that (1) the concentration of alkaline species and metals strongly influenced the degradation of PCDD/F; (2) after addition of 8% MEA, the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values of PCDD/Fs in fly ash were significantly lower than those obtained without MEA. 49%–71% of PCDD/Fs in TEQ was removed from different types of ash at 250℃ with 8% MEA; (3) the destruction and dechlorination are major mechanism for PCDD/Fs degradation.

Heavy-Ion Radiation Stability of Gd_2Zr_2O_7-Pyrochlore Glass-Ceramic Wasteforms Doped by Simulated Actinides

To research the structure radiation stability of simulated Gd2Zr2O7-pyrochlore glass-ceramic wasteforms Nd3+, Ce4+ were selected as the simulated nuclide of An3+ and An4+ radionuclides respectively. A series of compounds with the general formula Gd2-xNdxZr2-xCexO7 (0.0≤ x ≤2.0) were prepared by High-temperature sintering method at 1623 K for 48 h in air atmosphere. The heavy-ion irradiation experiments were done at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The structure and microscopic morphology of Gd2-xNdxZr2-xCexO7 (0.0≤ x ≤2.0) glass-ceramic wasteforms before and after irradiation experiments were investigated by the X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.

Mineralogical Research on Tooeleite

Tooeleite Fe6(AsO3)4SO4(OH)4·4H2O is a ferric arsenite sulfate mineral only found in acid mine drainage at present, which has environmental significance for arsenic remediation because of its high stability in the regolith. The authors synthesized tooleite using temperature-constant water batch reactor, and for the first time studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD result indicates tooeleite can form more crystalline solids in an acid environment than in an alkaline environment; the characteristic peak at FTIR of 770 cm-1is attributed to stretch vibration of As-O; the characteristic peaks at Raman of 663, 609, 512, 455 and 365 cm-1are attributed to the stretch vibration of As-OH (ν3), asymmetric stretch vibration (ν5), asymmetric bending vibration (ν4) of AsO33- and bending vibration of O-As-O; the incongruent dissolution occurs when PH of solution is higher than 3. Low Ph environmental benefits for formation of more high crystalline tooeleite. The batch experiment determined for the first time the solubility product (Ksp) and the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction, which are 107.7 and-3605 kJ/mol, respectively.