Motivations, Challenges and Coping Strategies for Smoking Cessation: Based on Multi-ethnic Pregnant Couples in Far Western China

The present study aimed to clarify the smoking cessation motivations, challenges and coping strategies among pregnant couples. A qualitative design using a grounded theory approach was applied. Data were collected by individual semi-structured interviews with 39 married individuals(21 non-smoking pregnant women and 18 smoking or ever-smoking men with a pregnant wife) and 3 imams in an ethnically diverse region of far western China. The most common theme for smoking cessation motivation was 'embryo quality'(i.e., a healthier baby), followed by family's health. Most interviewees reported that husband's withdrawal symptoms were the greatest challenge to smoking cessation, followed by the Chinese tobacco culture. Coping strategies given by the pregnant women typically involved combining emotional, behavioral and social interventions. Social interventions showed advantages in helping to quit smoking. Pregnancy appears to be a positive stimulus for pregnant couples' smoking cessation. Our results suggest that pregnancy, a highly important life event, may help to reduce barriers to smoking cessation at the social level(e.g., limiting access to cigarettes, avoiding temptation to smoke), but does little to help with the withdrawal symptoms. Professional guidance for smoking cessation is still necessary.

Scoring criteria for determining the safety of liver resection for malignant liver tumors

BACKGROUND Liver resection has become safer as it has become less invasive.However,the minimum residual liver volume(RLV)required to maintain homeostasis is unclear.Furthermore,the formulae used to calculate standard liver volume(SLV)are complex.AIM To review previously reported SLV formulae and the methods used to evaluate the minimum RLV,and explore the association between liver volume and mortality.METHODS A systematic review of Medline,PubMed,and grey literature was performed.References in the retrieved articles were cross-checked manually to obtain further studies.The last search was conducted on January 20,2019.We developed an SLV formula using data for 86 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institution between July 2009 and August 2011.RESULTS Linear regression analysis revealed the following formula:SLV(mL)=822.7×body surface area(BSA)?183.2(R2=0.419 and R=0.644,P<0.001).We retrieved 25 studies relating to SLV formulae and 12 studies about the RLV required for safe liver resection.Although the previously reported formulae included various coefficient and constant values,a simplified version of the SLV,the common SLV(cSLV),can be calculated as follows:cSLV(mL)=710 or 770×BSA.The minimum RLV for normal and damaged livers ranged from 20%-40%and 30%-50%,respectively.The Sapporo score indicated that the minimum RLV ranges from 35%-95%depending on liver function.CONCLUSION We reviewed SLV formulae and the minimum RLV required for safe liver resection.The Sapporo score is the only liver function-based method for determining the minimum RLV.

Neuropsychological and Physical Trajectories in Neurotypical and High-cognitive Performing Older Adults

The maintenance of high cognitive performance in old age has increasingly become a public health interest due to associations between cognition,well-being,longevity,and autonomy.The objective of the research is to investigate cognitive,physical,and psychological trajectories of neurotypical older adults(NOAs)and high performing older adults(HPOAs).An exploratory study to investigate 21 NOAs and six HPOAs(mean age 71,SD=±3.59),followed up for one year.The older adults were submitted to physical fitness,quality of life,anxiety,depression,RAVLT,ACE-R,and Stroop tests,being assessed at three moments:baseline,six months after the cognitive(MEMO)or stimulation(Stimullus)interventions,and six months after the multimodal interventions,which could be physical or psychopedagogical interventions(health education lectures).Nonparametric statistical tests(Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon)were performed with p≤0.05.The results demonstrated that the cognitive measures were good predictors of cognitive performance and we observed positive correlations between cognitive and mood measures.The older adults with high performance had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms.There were gains in global cognitive performance,mood,and in physical fitness variables associated with multimodal interventions,evident in the neurotypical group.

较小样本动态声发射信号多元统计分析技术

利用多传感信息集成系统,以两组平均年龄对应的受试对象往复运动过程中获取的动态声发射信号和角度信号为对象,研究了适用于较小样本的动态声发射信号多元统计分析技术。通过同步记录的角度信号,将往复运动分解为若干个独立运动周期和运动过程;利用累计概率分布,选取具备较显著差异的特征;结合多元统计技术,减小数据量,建立动态声发射信号的可视化模型,证实了使用较小样本声发射信号实现膝盖骨关节诊断的可行性。