Experience and Practice Path of China's International Cultural Transmission

Since the reformand opening up 3 0 years ago,our country has constantly adjusted strategy in the cultural transmission,and has greatly enhanced the culture consciousness and self-confidence,laying a solid foundation to further deepen the cultural transmission.Fromthe perspective of the value of China’s international cultural transmission,this paper summarizes the experience of international culture transmission,and explores how to strengthen international cultural transmission path construction in our country.

The International Transmission of Chinese Theme Documentaries in Ｒecent Years

In recent years,documentaries of Chinese theme,including those shot by China,by foreign countries or jointly shot,are gaining more and more attention and favor.Through the on-the-spot record of Chinese nature,history,humanity,social customs and ceremonies,as well as the present modern society in documentaries,by applying appropriate transmission strategies,audience all over the world can directly and concretely feel the Chinese history,nature and culture,touch the modern Chinese image,which influences and changes foreign audience’s understanding of China and exerts positive international transmission impacts.

Remote forcing of Indian Ocean warming on Northwest Pacific during El Nio decaying years:a FOAM model approach

This paper attempts to analyze in detail the remote influence of the Indian Ocean Basin warming on the Northwest Pacific （NWP） during the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Observation data and the Fast Ocean- Atmosphere coupled Model 1.5 were used to investigate the triggering conditions under which the remote influence is formed between the positive sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly in the North Indian Ocean and the Anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone （ANWPA）. Our research show that it is only when there is a contributory background wind field over the Indian Ocean, i,e., when the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） reaches its peak, that the warmer SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean incites significant easterly wind anomalies in the lower atmosphere of the Indo-West tropical Pacific. This then produces the remote influence on the ANWPA. Therefore, the SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean might interfere with the prediction of the East Asia Summer Monsoon in the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Both the sustaining effect of local negative SST anomalies in the NWP, and the remote effect of positive SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean on the ANWPA, should be considered in further research.

A Skopos Theory-based Study of Translation Principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions

English translations of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)terms and prescriptions need standardizing to minimize ambiguity as the popularity of TCM spreads globally.Herein an evaluation guide for translation of TCM decoctions in English into diverse social,cultural and medical systems,is proffered which integrates Skopos theory and Li Zhaoguo’s principles of English translation(conciseness of lexical composition,information accuracy,and similarity in lexical composition).Based on a case study of the traditional herbal medicine Mahuang Xingren Gancao Shigao Tang,direct translation methods with concise lexical composition are determined to most clearly convey the sophisticated and verbose original TCM prescription.

John Donne’s Art of Conceit

John Donne’s poetry is noted for its use of conceit. The reason why his poems have special charm is not only that heis able to master this rhetorical device skillfully, but also that he has made conceit into a mode of thinking.Therefore, conceit carries his philosophical speculation, love oath and religious piety, and this unique expressionproduces novel effect of defamiliarization and strengthens the emotional tension of his poetry.

A Hermeneutic Study on Translating Confucianism in The Chinese Recorder

The Chinese Recorder(1867-1941)published roughly 95 articles which are directly related to the interpretation and translation of Confucianism in its seventy-fouryear publication.With the guidance of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Hermeneutics,a comparative and descriptive study on articles published by Ernest Faber and A.B.Hutchinson respectively is conducted for interpreting and translating Confucianism and Confucian classics in The Chinese Recorder.Faber’s and Hutchinson’s prejudice on religion belief have absolutely affected their interpretation and translation of Confucianism.With the process of fusion of horizons,translators’prejudice exerted bi-dimensional and comprehensive influences on their translation strategies in specific historic context.Faber’s deep affection for preaching and his erudite know ledge of Confucianism promoted his strategy of literal and faithful translation in The Canon of Filial Piety.But Hutchison preferred to apply a sense to sense translation and caused some inaccuracies because of his insufficient understanding on Confucianism in translating The Family Sayings of Confucius.

Homicide, Same-Sex Rape, and the Pursuit of Justice in Early 19th Century China

This paper examines early nineteenth century legal cases in which Qing jurists had to determine a just way to punish a male offender who had murdered a man in order to defend himself against rape. Earlier, in the eighteenth century, jurists judging such cases exhibited considerable skepticism that same-sex rape had occurred. They regarded the claim of rape as an excuse offered by the murderer, demanded an extraordinary measure of proof that there had been a rape, and pun- ished the murderers harshly. But over time, as illustrated in model cases gathered together in the Xing＇an huilan ~lj~ or Conspectus of Punishment Cases, various officials pursuing their judicial responsibilities came to acknowledge a broader range of possible circumstances in which same-sex rape might have occurred and hence showed greater leniency to males who claimed to have tour- dered because they had been raped or judicial practice came to a climax in 1825 threatened with rape. This evolution in when the Court of Revision petitioned the Emperor to approve even greater leniency but the Board of Punishments refuted the argument.

对比文体分析在翻译研究中的应用:中国和澳大利亚旅游网站

本文探讨如何将对比文类分析运用于翻译研究,同时探索文类分析结果如何为翻译实践提供参考和借鉴。在本文中,文类不仅是一个规范性概念,而且被当作一种话语分析的研究工具。据此,文类分析不仅包含对实际文本及其结构特点的分析和描述,同时也研究在特定的社会文化背景下,构建文类和消费文类的过程,本文借助批评话语分析的相关理论以及系统功能语言学和修辞文类研究中相关的文类研究方法,建构新的对比文类分析模型。同时,本文也运用该分析模型对中国和澳大利亚旅游网站进行了对比文类研究,最后,本文讨论了该分析模型在翻译研究及实践中的应用.

Carbon emissions induced by cropland expansion in Northeast China during the past 300 years

Assessments of the impacts of land use and land cover changes(LUCC) on the terrestrial carbon budget, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and CO2-related climatic change are important to understand the environmental effects of LUCC and provide information about the effects of historical carbon emissions. Using regional land cover reconstructions from historical records, with a bookkeeping model, we estimated the carbon sink changes caused by historical cropland expansion in Northeast China during the past 300 years. The conclusions are as follows:(1) There was a dramatic land reclamation of cropland during the past 300 years in Northeast China. Approximately 26% of the natural land was cultivated, and 38% of the grassland and 20% of the forest and shrubland were converted to cropland.(2) The carbon emission induced by cropland expansion between 1683 and 1980 was 1.06–2.55 Pg C, and the estimation from the moderate scenario was 1.45 Pg C. The carbon emissions of the soil carbon pool was larger than that from the vegetation carbon pool and comprised more than 2/3 of the total carbon emissions.(3) The carbon emissions of the three provinces in Northeast China were different. Heilongjiang Province had the largest carbon emissions, and Jilin Province had the second largest emissions.(4) The primary source of carbon emissions was forest reclamation(taking 60% of the total emissions in the moderate scenario), the secondary source was grassland cultivation(taking 27%), and the tertiary sources were shrubland and wetland reclamation(taking 13%). Examination on the data accuracy revealed that the high-resolution regional land cover data allowed the carbon budget to be evaluated at the county level and improved the precision of the results. The carbon emission estimation in this study was lower than those in previous studies because of the improved land use data quality and various types of land use change considered.

Human Capital or Humane Talent?Rethinking the Nature of Education in China from a Comparative Historical Perspective

In order to analyze the impact of human capital theory on contemporary Chinese education,this paper first draws a conceptual outline of how this theory was introduced and interpreted to suit the Chinese quest for modernization.The study then adopts a comparative historical approach to the points of similarity between Neo-Confucian educational ideas and those of British humanism in an earlier transitional period that has some parallels.The aim of this comparison is to connect the ideas of Neo-Confucians and humanist educators to Ronald Dore’s concept of the role of education and his insights on the diploma disease.Within this core framework,this paper exposes the problems that have come from a melding of the examination tradition and the notion of human capital.It suggests that a revival of another aspect of Chinese tradition-education for fostering one’s humanity-may help balance contemporary Chinese education and restore it to health.

Practicality in Curriculum Building:A Historical Perspective on the Mission of Chinese Education

This paper examines how the definition and interpretation of the concept gewu zhizhi格物致知(investigating things and extending knowledge),evolved along with Chinese intellectual efforts to construct the framework for Chinese learning which,in turn,had a profound impact on the development of educational curricula in different historical periods.In Confucian philosophy,“practicality”appears ambivalent,as it can refer to moral cultivation in daily life or knowledge in the material world.Such ambivalence,embodied in the evolution of the concept of gewu zhizhi,can be interpreted as a Chinese search for a well-rounded curriculum in education.Within this framework,this paper traces the origin of the concept in The Great Learning,and investigates how it was developed to refer specifically to natural studies and then to scientific knowledge introduced into China in the late Qing period.This historical reflection on Chinese education points to the shared humanistic values in the Confucian approach to education and in the Renaissance ideal of a liberal education.It calls for a search for a common humanity in rethinking the content and aim of a modern Chinese education.

On Tiantai Zhiyi＇s Theory of the Three Categories of Dharma

This paper attempts to explore Master Zhiyi （538-597） of Chinese Tiantai Buddhism＇s theory of the Subtlety of the three categories of Dharma. By means of interpreting the title ＂the Subtle Dharma of the Lotus Sutra,＂ he is able to adhere to the One Buddha-vehicle as the unifying force to incorporate different viewpoints and to classify the teaching of the Buddha. Zhiyi＇s interpretation of the title of the Lotus Sutra begins with the word ＂Dharma.＂ This indicates that the Buddha teaches dharma, for dharma is the doctrine of truth or reality. He divides dharma into three categories： （1） Dharma of Sentient Beings, （2） Dharma of Bud- dha, and （3） Dharma of Mind. These three categories of dharma are regarded as constituting the doctrines in the teaching of the Buddha. Through this interpretation, the dharma the Buddha expounds in his teaching is confirmed to be subtle and inconceivable. The meaning of the subtlety is defined by Zhiyi as being vast in substance, superior in placeness, and eternal in function, These three aspects of the subtlety are spoken of in terms of the Ten Dharma-realms being the representation of the Ultimate Truth. As this Ultimate Truth is constituted by the Relativity of the nine realms and the Ultimate of the Buddha-realm, the Buddha＇s teaching that functions to lead beings to enter the realm of Buddha is made evident. Owing to the fact that both of the nine realms and the Buddha-realm belong to the Dharma-realm, and the dharmadhatu is the Ultimate Truth, Zhiyi maintains that the nine realms as the Relative contains the Ultimate, and the Buddha-realm as the Ultimate contains the Relative. The integrated reality of the Relative and the Ultimate of the Ten Dharma-realms renders the dharma of the Ultimate Truth inconceivable and subtle. Coinciding with the subtlety that is defined by these three aspects in terms of vast substance, superior placeness, and eternal function, these three categories of dharma are linked with those three aspects of the subtlety. The Dharma of Sentient Beings that concerns the Ten Dharma-realms （that are characterized by the Ten Suchnesses） indicates the vastness of substance the Buddha＇s teaching is based upon, in terms of the Ultimate Truth. The Dharma of Buddha that concerns the Buddha＇s knowledge of the Relative and the Ultimate indicates the superiority of placeness the Buddha＇ s teaching can lead to in terms of attainment of Buddhahood. The Dharma of Mind that concerns the way of realizing the Ultimate Truth indicates the length of function the Buddha＇s teaching can benefit, in terms of the three periods of time. Hence, by Zhiyi＇s definition, the subtlety refers to the dharma, and the dharma is subtle, whereby the Ultimate Truth is presented as an integrated reality of Oneness.

Zhang Taiyan： Daoist Individualism and Political Reality

Zhang Taiyan is one of the most powerful thinkers in modem times. From the 1890s he began reading European works of philosophy, history, and thought as they became available in Japanese translation. He also began to assess this knowledge in the framework of his Chinese training and scholarship. Specializing in the study of the Confucian classics, by his early twenties he had distinguished himself through his philological research on ancient texts. Aware of his intellectual prowess, he had an uncompromising belief in the judgments of his subjective self. His notion of the self and its relationship with society was based on the Daoist philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi： An individual＇s actions are dictated by the self, not by any other person, or by the society, the nation, ideology, or religion; he saw himself as an individual, but also as being at one with society. Escalating foreign encroachments on Chinese territorial sovereignty and the extreme suffering of the people from the 1890s was for him a viscerally perceived experience. He therefore had no option but to engage in politics. However, his Daoist individualism made him unsuited to politics, and his liaisons with various agents of change inevitably failed. Nonetheless, his cogently argued essays calling for the expulsion of the Manchu rulers significantly contributed to the successful outcome of the revolutionary cause. In the post-Manchu era, his opposition to a Western-style parliamentary system in favor of the appointment of the meritorious and worthy either created enemies or fell on deaf ears. His entry into politics had resulted in ignoble failure, and this has consigned him to historical obscurity until very recent times. This study focuses on Zhang Taiyan as a rational human being acting in the context of extraordinary historical circumstances and seeks to demonstrate how his thinking remains relevant for understanding the nature of meaningful human existence not just in China in his times, but also in the globalized world of today.

Corpus-Based Translation Studies in the Academy

The use of corpora in translation studies has attracted a great deal of attention in the past couple of decades.Much of this attention has explicitly recognised that what corpus-based research offers us is not a theoretical paradigm as such but a set of tools and methodologies which complement rather than replace traditional ways of researching and teaching translation.This paper will attempt to contribute to the debate on corpora by placing corpora- based research within the broader context of emerging trends and priorities in the academy,and more specifically in translation studies.