Leisure and Recreation in Australia:past,present and future

In this paper,the author would like to cover three key aspects in respect of Australian leisure:firstly,the historical antecedents of leisure behavior within Australian cultural life;secondly,an examination of existing leisure patterns;and finally,a consideration of leisure in the future.

Does Ski Tourism Improve the Regional Economy?The Case Study of Chongli,China

Chongli is one of the venues for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.Since 2009,the government of Chongli has emphasized the development of a tourism strategy,which gradually contributed to alleviating regional poverty.With data collected from 2009 to 2019,ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli were analyzed using the Coupling Coordination Degree(CCD)Model.This analysis indicated,first,there were three stages in the relationship between ski tourism and the regional economy in Chongli,including weak coordination(2009–2011),starting coordination(2012–2015),and strong coordination(2016–2019).Second,sport tourism,such as ski tourism,is likely to contribute to the regional economy and alleviate poverty.Third,the case of Chongli illustrates that policy and sports events are significant for helping a place to develop sports tourism,in addition to making full use of local resources.Finally,the development of skiing tourism has had a positive impact on citizens’and farmers’incomes,though it may have impacted citizens more.This research suggests that regional resources are essential for the development of sport tourism and the promotion of regional economies.Developing regions should seize the bonus period of sports events and policies.More attention should be paid to the differences between urban citizens and farmers in order to establish a better redistribution system.Considering the climatic factors,more studies need to analyze the sustainability of ski tourism in developing regions.

A Pre-game Evaluation of the Tourism Legacy of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

The role of tourism in social and economic development and stabilizing the Olympic legacy has been widely discussed.Beijing is the first“Dual-Olympic City”.For the first time,the Beijing Winter Olympics has adopted a model of three competition areas,which has attracted much attention to the study of its tourism legacy.In the legacy plan,the construction of the“Beijing-Zhangjiakou Sports Culture and Tourism Belt”was proposed.The development of ice and snow tourism and the cultivation of the ice and snow tourism market is also reflected in many policy documents and government actions.The scientific planning before the competition laid a good foundation for the sustainable development of its ice and snow tourism heritage.This research combines Olympic legacy research with tourism destination theory,and focuses on ice and snow tourism directly related to the Winter Olympics and the significance of pre-event planning for legacy protection.At the same time,the improvement of the quality of ice and snow tourism destinations is embedded in the pre-Olympic legacy,and opinions and suggestions on how to ensure the stability of the legacy after the games are given.This study uses the literature review method and the second-hand materials survey research method,then through establishing a tourism legacy pre-game evaluation model and the use of geographic information,government reports,policies,publicly released statistics and news reports,etc..It explores the legacy of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics,aiming to lay the foundation for preserving the continuous value of the ice and snow tourism legacy during and after the Olympics.The results indicate that the Beijing Winter Olympics has made relatively complete plans and reliable progress in both tangible and intangible legacy.Complete tourism infrastructure,an optimistic sport and cultural atmosphere,and the improvement of residents’health concept and sports awareness have become boosters for the development of ice and snow tourism in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou region.