A Sprout of Dialectical Logic of Marx's Positive Free Philosophy —— A New Interpretation of Marx's Three High School Papers

The academic world has at least nine viewpoints on the Marx's thought in the high school period: devout religious theology,moral theology,liberalism,democracy,utopian socialism,populism,ethical communism,French materialism,the flash of historical materialism,etc. We believe that these views cannot reflect the background of Marx's thoughts in high school. Marx's three high school papers in 1835 reflected the germination of Marx's positive free thoughts in his high school. Marx's positive free thoughts contain a the relatively complete structure of three aspects of the general reason ability of freedom,the special conditions for freedom,and the specific historical form of freedom. The positive free thought in Marx's high school period is finally realized in his communist theory through the his revolution of dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

Measurement of Factors behind the Decline of the Agricultural Labor Share in Total Labor Force of China(1990-2030)

On the basis of a simple model identifying the relationship between the agricultural labor share in total labor force and the determining factors,such as number of new participators to,and those leaving from agriculture and transferring to non-farming,this paper estimates the contribution of the determining factors for the changes of agricultural labor share during the period 1990～2030.Given the assumption about the average annual decline of the agricultural labor share in future,the number of new participates to agricultural labor is estimated to decline from 20.23 million during 2005～2010 to 11.42 million during 2010-2030,and the numbers of leaving and tranferring are estimated to change from 42.20 million and 38.43 million to 27.04 million and 29.49 million respectively during the same period. The factors of entrance,exit and transfer,which contribute to the decline of the agricultural labor share,are described to change from- 15.1%,34.7%and 38.1%respectively in 2005～2010 to-22.6%,54.3% and 49.8%in 2025～2030.The nonfarming job creation may decline from 69.69 million in 2005～2010 to 35.08 million in 2025～2030.The policy implications of the finding are also discussed.

Thoughts on the Modernization of Governance Systems of Ecological Environment under the Background of New Era

During recent years,the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the protection and governance of the ecological environment,put the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position,and launched a series of strategic policies with strong foresight and guidance.Among them,the modernization of the governance system of ecological environment is regarded as the top priority of strengthening the ecological environment governance and the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and background of the modernization of the ecological environment governance system,this paper analyzes the main problems and challenges faced by the current national ecological environment governance system,and puts forward the paths and measures to accelerate the modernization of the national ecological environment governance system,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the construction of national ecological civilization.

Cultivating Contemporary Chinese People’s Global Consciousness from the Perspective of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind

Building a community with a shared future for mankind calls for contemporary Chinese people’s understanding of the future of the community of mankind.Chinese people must also be encouraged to engage in the practices of global governance.Given their historical traditions,cultura thoughts and our nation’s current conditions,contemporary Chinese people must enhance their understanding of the development of the modern world especially the intertwined fate and differentiated interests of humans within such a community.Chinese people must arm themselves with a better globa view,cultivate a global consciousness,consolidate the concept of community and participate with a more open view,a more inclusive mind and more sensible strategies in the campaign initiated by the CPC to build an open inclusive,clean,and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace,universa security,and common prosperity.Grand-scale education must be launched and relevant policy must be introduced to enhance people’s enthusiasm for global governance.International cooperation and communications mus be expanded so that Chinese people’s awareness of the community can be strengthened.Then a community with a shared future for mankind tha follows the rules of the development of China and the world,and that respects the historical trends and serves multiple interests can be constructed.

Analysis and Comment on“ Freedom”——Based on Liang Qichao's On Freedom

Liang Qichao 's analysis of "freedom "in On Freedom is mainly focused on revealing the evolution and variation of the term "freedom "in modern Chinese society. In his view,freedom is not only an indispensable element of an individual's life,but also fully applicable to the course of social and historical developm ent. Liang Qichao 's liberalism originates directly from the West,but is deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional discourse system and the overwhelming reality context of saving the nation in modern tim es.What is different from Western liberalism is that the dim ensions of Liang Qichao 's freedom are developed at two levels,one is the individual level,the other is the national level. The form er has the significance of enlightenm ent,while the latter has the significance of saving lives. Enlightenm ent and salvation are not only the"double variations"of modern C hina,but also the dual responsibility of modern Chinese enlightenm ent thinkers,which is dem-onstrated in Liang Qichao 's thought of freedom.

Spatial Structure of Peer Networks and Academic Achievement Based on a Random Control Trial Experiment

This paper investigates whether changing the seating arrangement in a classroom can facilitate positive spillovers from top-performing students to others,using a field experiment conducted in a Chinese high school.Among study groups with balanced abilities,the treatment altered the spatial distribution by assigning the two top students to seats in the spatial center of each group.In the reference groups where students were allowed to choose their own seating arrangements,the lowest performing were significantly less likely to sit next to a top student than they would be under a random assignment.The results suggest that,in the treated groups,there could be enhanced academic spillovers from the top students.The treatment especially benefited the two lowest performing students in science subjects.In contrast,the treatment exerted negative effects on the test scores of the two middle-performing students,due to a disruption mechanism.The results suggest that the spatial layout of a peer network can have a significant impact on learning outcomes.

Criticism of the Logic of the Ecological Imperialism of ＂Carbon Politics＂ and Its Transcendence

Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon politics inevitably presents itself as the logic or essence of ＂ecological imperialism,＂ reflecting a few Western countries＇ expansion and development of their historically formed international hierarchical superiority or exclusive hegemony on the basis of their domestic capitalist economies and politics. This is an intrinsic obstacle to creating a more equitable, democratic and effective global climate or environmental governance system. Criticism of international carbon politics and its ＂ecological imperialism,＂ based on traditional ＂green-left＂ theories from Marxist philosophy and political economy, provides a theoretical basis for seeking an alternative way to cope with global climate change effectively. As a responsible developing country, China＇s response to climate change is not only an internal requirement for the promotion of its own sustainable development, but also reflects its responsibility to create a community of shared future for mankind. This rationale for our time determines that it is necessary for China to become a world leader in coping with global climate change and environmental governance through a leadership which lies in making a contribution rather than fighting for hegemony.

The Century-Old Splendor of the Communist Party of China and China’s Modernization

Since the first day of its founding,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has had the historic mission of rejuve­nating the Chinese nation,and has committed itself unre­mittingly to advancing China’s socialist modernization.The CPC’s centenary glory is vividly reflected in the grand cause of socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics.Its marvelous achievements are also deeply engraved in every chapter of the CPC’s century-long history.

Establishment and Development of the Socialist Political Economics with Chinese Characteristics

The origin Marx attached great importance to the study of the origin and history of political economics in his theory of the scientific revolution of political economy.Therefore,the exploration of the historical landmarks of the socialist political economics with Chinese characteristics is of great significance to understanding its theoretical characteristics and profound implications upon the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up.

On the Success of China’s Progressive Development

The success of China’s progressive reform and opening up lies in that it starts from China’s reality and complies various constraints,and follows the inherent logic of progressive development,i.e.,correctly handling the relationship between theory and practice,between incremental reform and stock reform,between economic reform and political reform,and between reform,development,and stability.

The Path to Common Prosperity:Rising Social Construction and Livelihood Expenditure

Since 2000,China has undergone a“golden age”of livelihood security construction similar to that of the Western industrialized countries in the 1960s to 1980s.Nowadays,China has built up the world's largest social security and housing support systems;the coverage of compulsory education has reached the average level of high-income countries;and the main health indicators are generally better than the average of middle-and highincome countries.Obviously,China is nolongera“low-welfare”country.Livelihood expenditure,with a share of GDP close to the level of developed countries around 1980,has become the principal part of public expenditure,and the central government is also playing an increasingly prominent role in ensuring people's livelihoods.China is building a new livelihood security system with responsibility shared among multiple levels of government.

30年中国政治的渐进发展--从邓小平到胡锦涛的政治理念与实践(英文)

本文梳理了党的领导人从邓小平到胡锦涛的政治理念与政治实践,指出中国的民主政治在不断有序地发展,中国的政治发展有自己的模式与特色,几位领导人对民主在中国的发展作出了显著的贡献。

Tripartite Trouble

Western countries have been witnessing a series of black swan events： Britain＇s referendum on its exit from the European Union （EU） in June 2016; the referendum on constitutional amendment in Italy last December and Donald Trump winning the 2016 presidential election in the United States. Behind these events are serious challenses faced by Western political parties, which are trapped in an endosenous crisis comprising three aspects.

Strengthening the Strategic Thinking on Creating New Opportunities and Opening Up New Prospects

Xi Jinping,General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,when analyzing the current economic situation,reiterated the necessity to view current difficulties,risks,and challenges from a comprehensive,dialectical,and long-term perspective.Xi also said it is essential to create new opportunities out of crises and to open up new prospects in changing circumstances.This is an important strategic judgment that leads the way and provides a guideline for understanding the current risks,difficulties,and challenges in economic development,and indicates how to boost the sustainable and healthy development of the economy and society.

Modernization Characterized by Harmonious Coexistence between Man and Nature

The Proposals of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035(hereinafter referred to as the Proposals),which were proposed by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)in 2020,suggested promoting green development and ensuring harmony between man and nature.