Congruent melting of tungsten phosphide at 5 GPa and 3200℃ for growing its large single crystals

As one of important members of refractory materials,tungsten phosphide(WP)holds great potential for fundamental study and industrial applications in many fields of science and technology,due to its excellent properties such as superconductivity and as-predicted topological band structure.However,synthesis of high-quality WP crystals is still a challenge by using tradition synthetic methods,because the synthesis temperature for growing its large crystals is very stringently required to be as high as 3000℃,which is far beyond the temperature capability of most laboratory-based devices for crystal growth.In addition,high temperature often induces the decomposition of metal phosphides,leading to off-stoichiometric samples based on which the materials'intrinsic properties cannot be explored.In this work,we report a high-pressure synthesis of single-crystal WP through a direct crystallization from cooling the congruent W-P melts at 5 GPa and^3200℃.In combination of x-ray diffraction,electron microscope,and thermal analysis,the crystal structure,morphology,and stability of recovered sample are well investigated.The final product is phase-pure and nearly stoichiometric WP in a single-crystal form with a large grain size,in excess of one millimeter,thus making it feasible to implement most experimental measurements,especially,for the case where a large crystal is required.Success in synthesis of high-quality WP crystals at high pressure can offer great opportunities for determining their intrinsic properties and also making more efforts to study the family of transition-metal phosphides.

Corrosion Performance of Stainless Steel Reinforcement in the Concrete Prepared with Seawater and Coral Waste and Its Ecological Effects

Durability and ecological effects of the stainless steel reinforced coral waste concrete were compared with those of the carbon steel reinforced ordinary concrete.The results showed that the corrosion current densities of the stainless steel in the coral waste concrete were less than one-tenth of those of the carbon steel in the same grade ordinary concrete.The stainless steel in the seawater coral waste concrete maintained passivation even after more than two years of immersion in 3.5%NaCl solution,while the carbon steel counterparts in the ordinary concrete were seriously corroded under the same condition.Simultaneously,the corrosion current density of the stainless steel reinforcement decreased slightly with the strength grade of the coral waste concrete.The ecological evaluation indicated that the non-renewable energy consumption and CO_(2)emission of per cubic meter of the newly constructed stainless steel reinforced coral waste concrete were 23.72%and 1.419%less than those of the carbon steel reinforced ordinary concrete with the same grade,while the aforementioned two parameters of the former material were reduced by 44.81%and 32.0%in comparison to the latter one in 50 years duration.

Prediction of Driver Gene Matching in Lung Cancer NOG/PDX Models Based on Artificial Intelligence

Patient-derived tumor xenografts(PDXs)are a powerful tool for drug discovery and screening in cancer.However,current studies have led to little understanding of genotype mismatches in PDXs,leading to massive economic losses.Here,we established PDX models from 53 lung cancer patients with a genotype matching rate of 79.2%(42/53).Furthermore,17 clinicopathological features were examined and input in stepwise logistic regression(LR)models based on the lowest Akaike information criterion(AIC),least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)-LR,support vector machine(SVM)recursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),gradient boosting and categorical features(Cat Boost),and the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE).Finally,the performance of all models was evaluated by the accuracy,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),and F1 score in 100 testing groups.Two multivariable LR models revealed that age,number of driver gene mutations,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene mutations,type of prior chemotherapy,prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)therapy,and the source of the sample were powerful predictors.Moreover,Cat Boost(mean accuracy=0.960;mean AUC=0.939;mean F1 score=0.908)and the eight-feature SVM-RFE(mean accuracy=0.950;mean AUC=0.934;mean F1 score=0.903)showed the best performance among the algorithms.Meanwhile,application of the SMOTE improved the predictive capability of most models,except Cat Boost.Based on the SMOTE,the ensemble classifier of single models achieved the highest accuracy(mean=0.975),AUC(mean=0.949),and F1 score(mean=0.938).In conclusion,we established an optimal predictive model to screen lung cancer patients for non-obese diabetic(NOD)/Shi-scid,interleukin-2 receptor(IL-2R)γ^(null)(NOG)/PDX models and offer a general approach for building predictive models.

Ultralight Iontronic Triboelectric Mechanoreceptor with High Specific Outputs for Epidermal Electronics

The pursuit to mimic skin exteroceptive ability has motivated the endeavors for epidermal artificial mechanoreceptors.Artificial mechanoreceptors are required to be highly sensitive to capture imperceptible skin deformations and preferably to be self-powered,breathable,lightweight and deformable to satisfy the prolonged wearing demands.It is still struggling to achieve these traits in single device,as it remains difficult to minimize device architecture without sacrificing the sensitivity or stability.In this article,we present an all-fiber iontronic triboelectric mechanoreceptor(ITM)to fully tackle these challenges,enabled by the high-output mechano-to-electrical energy conversion.The proposed ITM is ultralight,breathable and stretchable and is quite stable under various mechanical deformations.On the one hand,the ITM can achieve a superior instantaneous power density;on the other hand,the ITM shows excellent sensitivity serving as epidermal sensors.Precise health status monitoring is readily implemented by the ITM calibrating by detecting vital signals and physical activities of human bodies.The ITM can also realize acoustic-to-electrical conversion and distinguish voices from different people,and biometric application as a noise dosimeter is demonstrated.The ITM therefore is believed to open new sights in epidermal electronics and skin prosthesis fields.

Tungsten-containing high-entropy alloys: a focused review of manufacturing routes, phase selection, mechanical properties, and irradiation resistance properties

Alloying is one of the most effective means to confer superior properties to metal materials.For far too long,conventional W-based alloys were generally improved by the addition of minor elements.The exploitation of conventional W-based alloy is restricted to the corner of multielement phase diagrams with tiny compositional space.High-entropy alloys(HEAs)are a novel kind of alloys consisting of multi-principal alloying elements(usually more than 4)and have attracted increasing attention,since they were first reported in 2004.The emergence of HEAs filled the gap of the unexplored central region of multielement phase diagrams.Among them,tungsten-containing HEAs(TCHEAs)exhibit excellent mechanical properties,especially at extraordinarily elevated temperatures.Moreover,recent studies showed that TCHEAs had outstanding irradiation resistance properties.TCHEAs might serve as a promising candidate for plasma-facing materials in the fusion reactor.Many characteristics of TCHEAs are different from other HEAs due to the addition of tungsten with ultrahigh-melting temperature.Here,this paper aimed to introduce the manufacturing routes of TCHEAs;review the phase selection,mechanical properties,and irradiation resistance properties of TCHEAs;and propose the future prospects of TCHEAs.

Self-supporting nanoporous gold-palladium overlayer bifunctional catalysts toward oxygen reduction and evolution reactions

The oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） and oxygen evolution reaction （OER） are crucial processes for energy conversion/storage systems, such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water splitting. However, both reactions are severely restricted by their sluggish kinetics, thus requiring highly active, cost-effective, and durable electrocatalysts. Herein, we develop novel bifunctional nanocatalysts through surface nanoengineering of dealloying-driven nanoporous gold （NPG）. Pd overlayers were precisely deposited onto the NPG ligament surface by epitaxial layer-by-layer growth. More importantly, the obtained NPG-Pd overlayer nanocatalysts exhibit remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activities toward both the ORR and OER in alkaline media, benchmarked against a state- of-the-art Pt/C catalyst. The improved electrocatalytic performance is rationalized by the unique three-dimensional nanoarchitecture of NPG, enhanced Pd utilization efficiency from precise control of the Pd overlayers, and change in electronic structure, as revealed by density functional theory calculations.

Flexible thermochromic fabrics enabling dynamic colored display

Color-changeable fbers can provide diverse functions for intelligent wearable devices such as novel information displays and human-machine interfaces when woven into fabric.This work develops a low-cost,efective,and scalable strategy to produce thermochromic fbers by wet spinning.Through a combination of diferent thermochromic microcapsules,fexible fbers with abundant and reversible color changes are obtained.These color changes can be clearly observed by the naked eye.It is also found that the fbers exhibit excellent color-changing stability even after 8000 thermal cycles.Moreover,the thermochromic fbers can be fabricated on a large scale and easily woven or implanted into various fabrics with good mechanical performance.Driven by their good mechanical and physical characteristics,applications of thermochromic fbers in dynamic colored display are demonstrated.Dynamic quick response(QR)code display and recognition are successfully realized with thermochromic fabrics.This work well confrms the potential applications of thermochromic fbers in smart textiles,wearable devices,fexible displays,and human-machine interfaces.