Determinants of overweight and obesity and preventive strategies in Pacific countries: a systematic review

Objective:This study aimed to explore more on contributing factors and prevention of overweight and obesity among Pacific islanders.Methods:Using Cochrane library guideline,four electronic databases,PubMed,Embase,Scopus and CINAHL,were systematically searched from 2010 to 2020.Search strategy included key concepts,free text terms,and database-controlled vocabulary terms to identify articles on determinants and preventative strategies of overweight and obesity in the Pacific countries.A data extraction sheet was developed to extract relevant information required for analysis and theme development for this study.Results:A total of 22 articles were summarized and categorized.Determinants of overweight and obesity identified two themes:environmental related factors 13.6%(3/22)and sociocultural related factors 27.3%(6/22).The preventative strategies of overweight and obesity was categorized into behavioural change 22.7%(5/22),school-related 18.2%(4/22),and policies 50%(11/22).The quality assessment of articles showed“Good”68.2%(15/22),and“Fair”31.8%(7/22).Conclusion:This study highlighted two contributing,non-medication factors affecting overweight and obesity are both environmental and socio-cultural issues.Overweight and obesity preventative strategies identified in the Pacific context considered behavioural change,knowledge enhancement,and policy development.Further research should aim at exploring the current preventative strategies in-depth,to appreciate the most feasible and recommended preventative approach within the Pacific society.

Wearable activity trackers and health awareness: Nursing implications

Purpose:Wearable devices are commonly used to measure physical activity.However,it remains unclear the effect of wearing these devices on health awareness.Our aim was to provide evidence related to wearing physical activity trackers and health awareness.Methods:A quantitative comparison study design was used comparing participants who wore physical activity tracking devices(n=108)and those who did not(n=112).A paper-based Physical Health Knowledge survey designed for the purpose of this research was used for data collection in 2018.Results:A difference between participants who wore physical activity tracking devices and those that did not was identified in relation to activity levels and physical health awareness.Wearable devices are suggested as an opportunity for nurses to engage people in physical activity with the potential to improve their health awareness.Conclusions:Nurses are well placed in the healthcare landscape to work with patients who own an activity tracker device concerning increasing activity self-monitoring.This information the patient has from the device can also form the basis of health discussions between nurses and the people in their care.

Effects of Ving Tsun sticking-hand training on upper-limb sensorimotor performance in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: A randomized controlled trial

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Ving Tsun(VT)sticking-hand training on upper-limb joint position sense and muscular performance in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods:Thirty-three adults were randomly allocated to either a VT group or a control group.The VT group received VT sticking-hand training twice per week for 3 months.Measurements were taken before and after the intervention period.The primary outcome was elbow-joint repositioning error,which was measured by an elbow-joint passive positioning and active repositioning test using a universal goniometer.Secondary outcomes were upper-limb muscles'peak force and time taken to reach peak force as measured by a hand-held dynamometer.Results:No significant time,group or time-by-group interaction effects were found for elbow-joint repositioning error or upper-limb muscle peak force outcomes.Shoulder flexor time to peak force decreased by 33.8%from pre-test to post-test in the VT group(P=0.007).Shoulder abductor,internal and external rotator,and elbow extensor times to peak force decreased by 30.0%-35.9%in the VT%roup(P<0.05)and by 30.4%-37.1%in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:VT sticking-hand training does not improve elbow-joint position sense or the maximum strength of upper-limb muscles in middle-aged and older adults.However,VT can improve shoulder flexor muscles'time to reach peak force in these populations.VT had no obvious effect on the time required to reach peak force in other shoulder muscles and elbow extensors.

Comparison of research hotspots and trends in long-term care for the elderly between China and Australia: a bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the current status and development of long-term care(LTC)research in terms of publications in China and Australia,to identify the major contributing authors and institutions,and to compare the research hotspots and trends between China and Australia in order to encourage informed collaborations and work in future.Methods:We collected bibliometric data on the LTC of the elderly in China and Australia from 2009 to 2020 using Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).Cite Space software was used to analyze co-authorships,co-institutions,and co-keywords.Results:A total of 826 ar ticles in Chinese and 393 in English were included for analysis.The total number of publications showed an upward trend in both countries.The top 10 productive researchers and institutions in China and Australia were identified,and their collaboration network was revealed.Then,the knowledge maps of cooccurring keywords,respectively,showed the hotspots of"LTC insurance,disabled elderly,combination of medical and health care,nursing home"and"nursing home,dementia,quality of life,intervention"in China and Australia.Strong citation burst keywords illustrated the emerging trends of"combination of medical and health care,healthy aging"in China and"polypharmacy,prevention"in Australia.Conclusions:This article provided an insight into LTC of the elderly in China and Australia,and research in this field is developing rapidly and is being increasingly valued.The findings will be useful for future researchers to facilitate collaboration,identify new topics,and suppor t urgently needed research of LTC in China.

失独者抑郁的心理弹性多因素作用模型

目的:中国失独家庭已多达百万个,65.6%的失独者存在严重而持久的抑郁情绪,需要及时干预。本研究旨在探索心理弹性与其影响因素的交互作用,比较心理弹性及其影响因素对于失独者抑郁的效应。方法:采用Connor-Davidson心理弹性量表、Zung抑郁自评量表、简易应对方式问卷、艾森克简式量表中国版、社会支持评定量表、一般自我效能感量表对长沙市9个行政区域212名失独者进行入户调查。基于Kumpfer心理弹性框架和心理应激多因素作用过程的理论模式构建假设模型并进行验证。结果:心理弹性的影响因素有:积极应对(总效应值为0.480)、支持利用(总效应值为0.359)、精神质(总效应值为-0.326)、消极应对(总效应值为0.279)、内外倾(总效应值为0.219)、客观支持(总效应值为0.077)。心理弹性对抑郁的影响以直接效应为主(总效应值为-0.344,占67.1%),也通过自我效能感发挥间接效应(总效应值为-0.169),心理弹性的总效应值占所有变量总效应的20.1%。结论:心理弹性受到人格、积极应对、社会支持等应激中介变量的直接和间接作用;心理弹性对抑郁主要产生直接负性效应,是定位于自我效能感之前的重要应激中介变量。个体-环境互动作用过程对心理弹性的影响较大,人格和支持利用通过影响消极应对、积极应对进而间接影响心理弹性。提高心理弹性应当关注个体-环境作用过程,即利用支持、积极应对、适当的消极应对,进而影响个体对自我的积极评价,这将是开发心理弹性干预方案以改善失独者抑郁的重要内容。