Progress in Analytical Methods of Halogenated Disinfection By-Products

Ensuring the health and safety of drinking water is crucial for both nations and their citizens.Since the 20th century,the disinfection of drinking water,effectively controlling pathogens in water sources,has become one of the significant advances in public health.However,the disinfectants used in the process,such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide,react with natural organic matter in the water to produce disinfection by-products(DBPs).Most of these DBPs contain chlorine,and if the source water contains bromine or iodine,brominated or iodinated DBPs,collectively referred to as Halogenated disinfection byproducts(X-DBPs),are formed.Numerous studies have found that X-DBPs pose potential risks to human health and the environment,leading to widespread concern.Mass spectrometry has become an important means of discovering new types of X-DBPs.This paper focuses on the study of methods for analyzing X-DBPs in drinking water using mass spectrometry.

Improved performance of visible-light photocatalytic H_(2)-production and Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by waste pigeon guano doped g-C_(3)N_(4) nanosheets

In this study,waste pigeon guano(PG)was re-utilized as an ideal biomass adulterant to improve the photocatalytic activity of the pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Waste PG and melamine were employed as precursors to fabricate a novel porous multielement-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN-PG-S)nanosheets photocatalyst via in situ thermal polycondensation coupled with thermal exfoliation strategy.The CN-PG-S owned abundant uniformly porous structures,superior conductivity,and excellent photocatalytic abilities,resulting in highly-efficient H_(2)-production(1950μmol g^(–1) h^(–1))and Cr(Ⅵ)reduction(99.1%)un-der visible light,which increased by 22.9-folds and 5.3-folds more than that of pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).The non-metallic(P,S,and O)and metallic elements in CN-PG-S played a crucial role in expanding the visible-light absorption range and promoting the separation-migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.And the uniformly porous nanosheet structure of CN-PG-S shortens the diffusion paths of photogenerated carri-ers and exposes more active sites for photocatalytic reactions.This study proposed an eco-friendly re-sources integration strategy of waste PG to prepare excellent CN-PG-S photocatalysts for highly-efficient H_(2)-production and Cr(VI)reduction.

High performance and stable pure-blue quasi-2D perovskite light-emitting diodes by multifunctional zwitterionic passivation engineering

Despite the rapid advances of red and green perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pe LEDs),achieving high brightness with high external quantum efficiency(EQE)remains a challenge for the pure-blue Pe LEDs,which greatly hinders their practical applications,such as white-light illumination and in optical communication as a high-speed and low-loss light source.Herein,we report a high-performance pure-blue Pe LED based on mixed-halide quasi-2D perovskites incorporated with a zwitterionic molecule of 3-(benzyldimethylammonio)propanesulfonate(3-BAS).Experimental and density functional theory analysis reveals that 3-BAS can simultaneously eliminate non-radiative recombination loss,suppress halide migration,and regulate phase distribution for smoothing energy transfer in the mixed-halide quasi-2D perovskites,leading to the final perovskites with high photoluminescence quantum yield and robust spectrum stability.Thus,the highperformance pure-blue Pe LED with a recorded brightness with 1806 cd m-2and a relative higher EQE of 9.25%is achieved,which is successfully demonstrated in a visible light communication system for voice signal transmission.We pave the way for achieving highly efficient pure-blue Pe LEDs with great application potential in future optical communication networks.

Double Narrow Notch Spectral Filter Design Using Waveguide Grating on Metal Substrate

A double narrow notch spectral filter design using planar dielectric grating diffraction coupled resonant thin dielectric waveguide on metal substrate is numerically studied in this article. Due to excitation and coupling of guided resonance mode in thin dielectric waveguide layer and surface plasmon mode on the interface between the waveguide and the metal substrate, double deep and narrow reflection spectrum dip can be obtained. This physical explanation is confirmed by the momentum matching conditions of resonance and the field distribution calculation. As an example, double notch filter design with full width half maximum less than 2 nm centered at 549 nm and 651 nm is presented.

Electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection:progress and opportunities

The development of artificial intelligence-enabled medical health care has created both opportunities and challenges for next-generation biosensor technology.Proteins are extensively used as biological macromolecular markers in disease diagnosis and the analysis of therapeutic effects.Electrochemical protein biosensors have achieved desirable specificity by using the specific antibody–antigen binding principle in immunology.However,the active centers of protein biomarkers are surrounded by a peptide matrix,which hinders charge transfer and results in insufficient sensor sensitivity.Therefore,electrode-modified materials and transducer devices have been designed to increase the sensitivity and improve the practical application prospects of electrochemical protein sensors.In this review,we summarize recent reports of electrochemical biosensors for protein biomarker detection.We highlight the latest research on electrochemical protein biosensors for the detection of cancer,viral infectious diseases,inflammation,and other diseases.The corresponding sensitive materials,transducer structures,and detection principles associated with such biosensors are also addressed generally.Finally,we present an outlook on the use of electrochemical protein biosensors for disease marker detection for the next few years.