Photothermal(PTT) and photodynamic(PDT) combined therapy has been hindered to clinical translation, due to the lack of available biomaterials, difficult designs of functions,and complex chemical synthetic or preparati...Photothermal(PTT) and photodynamic(PDT) combined therapy has been hindered to clinical translation, due to the lack of available biomaterials, difficult designs of functions,and complex chemical synthetic or preparation procedures. To actualize a high-efficiency combination therapy for cancer via a feasible approach, three readily available materials are simply associated together in one-pot, namely the single-walled carbon nanohorns(SWCNH), zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc), and surfactant TPGS. The established nanodispersion is recorded as PCT. The association of SWCNH/ZnPc/TPGS was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum, Raman spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. Under lighting, PCT induced a temperature rising up to about 60 ℃ due to the presence of SWCNH, production a 7-folds of singlet oxygen level elevation because of ZnPc, which destroyed almost all4T1 tumor cells in vitro. The photothermal effect of PCT depended on both laser intensity and nanodispersion concentration in a linear and nonlinear manner, respectively. After a single peritumoral injection in mice and laser treatment, PCT exhibited the highest tumor temperature rise(to 65 ℃) among all test groups, completely destroyed primary tumor without obvious toxicity, and inhibited distant site tumor. Generally, this study demonstrated the high potential of PCT nanodispersion in tumor combined therapy.展开更多
Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also ...Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also be used for the discriminant analysis of medicines.Long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network,bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)neural network and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network are variants of the recurrent neural network(RNN).The potential relationship between nonlinear features learned from the sequence by these variants is used to complete the missions infields such as natural language processing,signal classification and video analysis.Since the effect of these variants in drug identification is still to be studied,this paper constructs a multiclassifier of these three variants,using compoundα-keto acid tablets produced by four manufacturers and repaglinide tablets produced by five manufacturers as the research object.Then,the paper analyzes the impacts of seven different preprocessed methods on the drug NIR data by constructing different layers of LSTM,BiLSTM and GRU networks and compares different classification model indicators and training time of each model.When the spectrum data are pre-processed by z-score normalization,the GRU-3 model has the best accuracy in all models.The BiLSTM models are better for analyzing high coincidence data.The method proposed in this paper can be further extended to other NIR spectroscopy data sets.展开更多
C-C bond activation has emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of complex molecules.Herein,we report a dual ligands relay-promoted transformation of unstrained aryl,alkenyl and alkynyl ketones to the correspo...C-C bond activation has emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of complex molecules.Herein,we report a dual ligands relay-promoted transformation of unstrained aryl,alkenyl and alkynyl ketones to the corresponding polyfluoroarenes and nitriles via C-C(=O)bond cleavage and subsequent decarboxylative arylation process.Various polyfluoroarene and nitrile products are obtained in one pot under cyanide-free conditions.The protocol features high atom economy,broad functional group tolerance and excellent heterocyclic compatibility.The late-stage functionalization of the drug and natural product demonstrated the synthetic utility of our protocol.Furthermore,the decisive role of the dual ligands was clarified and the mechanistic rationale including theβ-C elimination as the rate-limiting step was supported by detailed density functional theory(DFT)studies.展开更多
Aquatic animals have benefited from Bacillus subtilis-based probiotics over the past few decades.This study evaluated the effects of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics as a feed additive on growth,immune response and res...Aquatic animals have benefited from Bacillus subtilis-based probiotics over the past few decades.This study evaluated the effects of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics as a feed additive on growth,immune response and resistance to acute ammonia challenge in Nile tilapia.Specifically,four supplemental levels(0%,0.1%,0.2%,and 0.3%)of B.subtilis probiotics were tested under two dietary protein levels(32%and28%).Five replicate tanks were randomly allotted to each dietary treatment,with each tank containing 30Nile tilapia.After 8 weeks of feeding,Nile tilapia in each tank were exposed to 43.61 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen for 48 h.The results revealed that reducing protein levels from 32%to 28%did not affect growth performance or antioxidant capacity.However,the low protein diet tended to induce an inflammatory effect shown by increased expressions of TGF-βand IFN-γgenes(P<0.05)in the liver.The impact was alleviated by the probiotic supplementation.Compared with the non-supplemented group,0.1%probiotic supplementation remarkably increased plasma lysozyme activity,total antioxidant capacity and complement C3 and interleukin-10 mRNA levels(P<0.05)in the 28%protein diet,while higher supplementation of probiotics(0.3%)was shown to be beneficial for the high protein diet(32%).In both the dietary protein levels,0.1%supplementation of probiotics promoted the antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia before exposure to ammonia stress but higher probiotic supplementation(0.3%)proved to be necessary under ammonia stress as evidenced by higher fish survival rate.Results exhibited that supplementation with B.subtilis probiotics had a better effect on the intestinal morphology(villi height and width)regardless of protein levels.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315probiotics at 0.1%in the low protein diet and up to 0.3%in the high protein diet showed beneficial effects on the growth,immunity,and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia.Under ammonia stress conditions,the higher supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics at 0.3%improves stress tolerance of Nile tilapia despite the two dietary protein levels(32%;28%).展开更多
The central dogma of modern biology underscores the pivotal roles proteins play in diverse biological processes,the study of which necessitates advanced methods to produce proteins with precision and versatility.Chemi...The central dogma of modern biology underscores the pivotal roles proteins play in diverse biological processes,the study of which necessitates advanced methods to produce proteins with precision and versatility.Chemical protein synthesis,a powerful approach utilizing chemical reactions for the de novo construction of structurally accurate proteins,has emerged as a transformative tool for studying proteins and generating protein derivatives/mimics inaccessible by natural biological machinery,including post-translationally modified proteins,proteins comprised of unnatural amino acids,as well as mirror-image proteins.This review summarizes recent strides in synthetic method developments for chemical protein synthesis,including innovative techniques in solid-phase peptide synthesis,the challenges presented by difficult sequences in either synthesis or folding and the exploration of novel ligation reactions using both chemical and enzymatic methods.Furthermore,the review also delves into newly developed protocols for site-selective protein modifications and the generation of stapled or macrocyclized peptides/miniproteins,highlighting the power of chemical methods to make structurally diverse proteins.Recent applications of synthetic proteins in investigating post-translational modifications(phosphorylation,lipidation,glycosylation,ubiquitination,etc.),mirror-image biological processes and drug development are further discussed.Together,these topics provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of chemical protein synthesis.展开更多
The Cp;Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed asymmetric cascade C-H coupling/intramolecular cyclization of azomethine imines with propargyl carbonates has been developed, affording a variety of chiral tetracyclic indenopyrazolopyrazolone ...The Cp;Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed asymmetric cascade C-H coupling/intramolecular cyclization of azomethine imines with propargyl carbonates has been developed, affording a variety of chiral tetracyclic indenopyrazolopyrazolone frameworks with good substrate/functional group tolerance and enantioselectivity(up to 97:3 er). Combined experimental studies and DFT calculations revealed the Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed stepwise annulation process and clarified the synergy coordination mode of dual directing groups in tuning the selectivity.展开更多
The aim of the study was to identify main metabolites of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula after biotransformation by Caco-2 cells.Caco-2 cells were seeded to a 6-well plate and cultured for a perio...The aim of the study was to identify main metabolites of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula after biotransformation by Caco-2 cells.Caco-2 cells were seeded to a 6-well plate and cultured for a period of time until 80%of each well was filled with cells.Then,cell medium was replaced and the norcoclaurine,liensinine,isoliensinine and neferine were respectively added to展开更多
Metastasis and resistance are main causes to affect the outcome of the current anticancer therapies.Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)as an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone takes important role in the tumor metastasis and ...Metastasis and resistance are main causes to affect the outcome of the current anticancer therapies.Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)as an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone takes important role in the tumor metastasis and resistance.Targeting Hsp90 and downregulating its expression show promising in inhibiting tumor metastasis and resistance.In this study,a redox-responsive dual-drug nanocarrier was constructed for the effective delivery of a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug PTX,and a COAmodified 4-arm PEG polymer(4PSC)was synthesized.COA,an active component in oleanolic acid that exerts strong antitumor activity by downregulating Hsp90 expression,was used as a structural and functional element to endow 4PSC with redox responsiveness and Hsp90 inhibitory activity.Our results showed that 4PSC/PTX nanomicelles efficiently delivered PTX and COA to tumor locations without inducing systemic toxicity.By blocking the Hsp90 signaling pathway,4PSC significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of PTX,inhibiting tumor proliferation and invasiveness as well as chemotherapy-induced resistance in vitro.Remarkable results were further confirmed in vivo with two preclinical tumor models.These findings demonstrate that the COA-modified 4PSC drug delivery nanosystem provides a potential platform for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapies.展开更多
Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed(the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. This article focuses on the cytotoxic activity of Eu...Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed(the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. This article focuses on the cytotoxic activity of Euphorbia factor L2 against lung carcinoma A549 cells and the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced. We analyzed the cytotoxicity and related mechanism of Euphorbia factor L2 with an MTT assay, an annexin V-FITC/PI test, a colorimetric assay, and immunoblotting. Euphorbia factor L2 showed potent cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Euphorbia factor L2 led to an increase in reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation,a loss of mitochondrial electrochemical potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, suggesting that Euphorbia factor L2 induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway. The cytotoxic activity of Euphorbia factor L2 in A549 cells and the related mechanisms of apoptotic induction provide support for the further investigation of caper euphorbia seeds.展开更多
Secalonic acid D(SAD) could inhibit cell growth in not only sensitive cells but also multidrug resistant(MDR) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated. Here, we identified that SAD possessed pote...Secalonic acid D(SAD) could inhibit cell growth in not only sensitive cells but also multidrug resistant(MDR) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated. Here, we identified that SAD possessed potent cytotoxicity in 3 pairs of MDR and their parental sensitive cells including S1-MI-80 and S1,H460/MX20 and H460, MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, SAD induced cell G2/M phase arrest via the downregulation of cyclin B1 and the increase of CDC2 phosphorylation. Importantly, JNK pathway upregulated the expression of c-Jun in protein level and increased c-Jun phosphorylation induced by SAD, which was linked to cell apoptosis via c-Jun/Src/STAT3 pathway. To investigate the mechanisms of upregulation of c-Jun protein by SAD, the mR NA expression level and degradation of c-Jun were examined. We found that SAD did not alter the mR NA level of c-Jun but inhibited its proteasome-dependent degradation. Taken together, these results implicate that SAD induces cancer cell death through c-Jun/Src/STAT3 signaling axis by inhibiting the proteasome-dependent degradation of c-Jun in both sensitive cells and ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family G member 2(ABCG2)-mediated MDR cells.展开更多
To establish an injectable hydrogel containing Prussian blue(PB) nanospheres for photothermal therapy against cancer, PB nanospheres were prepared by one-pot synthesis and the thermosensitive Pluronic F127 was used as...To establish an injectable hydrogel containing Prussian blue(PB) nanospheres for photothermal therapy against cancer, PB nanospheres were prepared by one-pot synthesis and the thermosensitive Pluronic F127 was used as the hydrogel matrix. The PB nanospheres and the hydrogel were characterized by shape, particle size, serum stability, photothermal performance upon repeated 808 nm laser irradiation, as well as the rheological features. The effect of the PB nanospheres and the hydrogel were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. The retention,photothermal efficacy, therapeutic effects and systemic toxicity of the hydrogel were assessed in a tumor-bearing mouse model. The PB nanospheres had a diameter of about 150 nm and exhibited satisfactory serum stability, photo-heat convert ability and repeated laser exposure stability. The hydrogel encapsulation did not negatively influence the above features of the photothermal agent. The nanospherecontaining hydrogel showed a phase transition at body temperature and, as a result, a long retention time in vivo. The photothermal agent-embedded hydrogel displayed promising photothermal therapeutic effects in the tumor-bearing mouse model with little-to-no systemic toxicity after peritumoral administration.展开更多
Scaffold hopping refers to computer-aided screening for active compounds with different structures against the same receptor to enrich privileged scaffolds,which is a topic of high interest in organic and medicinal ch...Scaffold hopping refers to computer-aided screening for active compounds with different structures against the same receptor to enrich privileged scaffolds,which is a topic of high interest in organic and medicinal chemistry.However,most approaches cannot efficiently predict the potency level of candidates after scaffold hopping.Herein,we identified potent PDE5 inhibitors with a novel scaffold via a free energy perturbation(FEP)-guided scaffold-hopping strategy,and FEP shows great advantages to precisely predict the theoretical binding potenciesΔGFEPbetween ligands and their target,which were more consistent with the experimental binding potenciesΔGEXP(the mean absolute deviations|ΔGFEP-ΔGEXP|<2 kcal/mol)than thoseΔGMM-PBSAorΔGMM-GBSApredicted by the MM-PBSA or MM-GBSA method.Lead L12 had an IC_(50) of 8.7 nmol/L and exhibited a different binding pattern in its crystal structure with PDE5 from the famous starting drug tadalafil.Our work provides the first report via the FEPguided scaffold hopping strategy for potent inhibitor discovery with a novel scaffold,implying that it will have a variety of future applications in rational molecular design and drug discovery.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been widely used in cancer treatment.However,hypoxia in most solid tumors seriously restricts the efficacy of PDT.To improve the hypoxic microenvironment,we designed a novel mesoporous pla...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been widely used in cancer treatment.However,hypoxia in most solid tumors seriously restricts the efficacy of PDT.To improve the hypoxic microenvironment,we designed a novel mesoporous platinum(mPt)nanoplatform to catalyze hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)within the tumor cells in situ without an extra enzyme.During the fabrication,the carboxy terminus of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)was connected to the amino terminus of the bifunctional mercaptoaminopolyglycol(SH-PEG-NH2)by a condensation reaction,and then PEG-Ce6 was modified onto the mPt moiety via the mercapto terminal of SH-PEG-NH2.Material,cellular and animal experiments demonstrated that Pt@PEG-Ce6 catalyzed H2 O2 to produce oxygen(O2)and that Ce6 transformed O2 to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)upon laser irradiation.The Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform with uniform diameter presented good biocompatibility and efficient tumor accumulation.Due to the high atomic number and good near-infrared absorption for Pt,this Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform showed computed tomography(CT)and photoacoustic(PA)dual-mode imaging ability,thus providing an important tool for monitoring the tumor hypoxic microenvironment.Moreover,the Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-la(HIF-1α)and programmed death-1(PD-1)in tumors,discussing the relationship between hypoxia,PD-1,and PDT for the first time.展开更多
Although high-efficiency targeted delivery is investigated for years, the efficiency of tumor targeting seems still a hard core to smash. To overcome this problem, we design a three-step delivery strategy based on str...Although high-efficiency targeted delivery is investigated for years, the efficiency of tumor targeting seems still a hard core to smash. To overcome this problem, we design a three-step delivery strategy based on streptavidin-biotin interaction with the help of c(RGDfK), magnetic fields and lasers.The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(USIONPs) modified with c(RGDfK) and biotin are delivered at step 1, followed by streptavidin and the doxorubicin(Dox) loaded nanosystems conjugated with biotin at steps 2 and 3, respectively. The delivery systems were proved to be efficient on A549 cells. The co-localization of signal for each step revealed the targeting mechanism. The external magnetic field could further amplify the endocytosis of USPIONs based on c(RGDfK), and magnify the uptake distinctions among different test groups. Based on photoacoustic imaging, laser-heating treatment could enhance the permeability of tumor venous blood vessels and change the insufficient blood flow in cancer. Then, it was noticed in vivo that only three-step delivery with laser-heating and magnetic fields realized the highest tumor distribution of nanosystem. Finally, the magnetism/laser-auxiliary cascaded delivery exhibited the best antitumor efficacy. Generally, this study demonstrated the necessity of combining physical, biological and chemical means of targeting.展开更多
Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our res...Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our research,such as HL60,K562,K562/ADR,KB,KBv200 cells.Cell growth inhibition assay,Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay,measurement of reactive展开更多
The diastereoselectivity of conventional polyene cyclization reactions is highly dependent on the configuration of the internal alkenes,where E-poly enes provide trans-decalins,while Z-polyenes offer cis-decalins.Alth...The diastereoselectivity of conventional polyene cyclization reactions is highly dependent on the configuration of the internal alkenes,where E-poly enes provide trans-decalins,while Z-polyenes offer cis-decalins.Although polyene cyclization has evolved into a reliable and widely used strategy for the construction of trans-decalin frameworks of terpene and steroid natural products,its application for cis-decalin framework is extremely challenging.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81690264)the National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB932100)the Innovation Team of the Ministry of Education (BMU20110263)。
文摘Photothermal(PTT) and photodynamic(PDT) combined therapy has been hindered to clinical translation, due to the lack of available biomaterials, difficult designs of functions,and complex chemical synthetic or preparation procedures. To actualize a high-efficiency combination therapy for cancer via a feasible approach, three readily available materials are simply associated together in one-pot, namely the single-walled carbon nanohorns(SWCNH), zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc), and surfactant TPGS. The established nanodispersion is recorded as PCT. The association of SWCNH/ZnPc/TPGS was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum, Raman spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. Under lighting, PCT induced a temperature rising up to about 60 ℃ due to the presence of SWCNH, production a 7-folds of singlet oxygen level elevation because of ZnPc, which destroyed almost all4T1 tumor cells in vitro. The photothermal effect of PCT depended on both laser intensity and nanodispersion concentration in a linear and nonlinear manner, respectively. After a single peritumoral injection in mice and laser treatment, PCT exhibited the highest tumor temperature rise(to 65 ℃) among all test groups, completely destroyed primary tumor without obvious toxicity, and inhibited distant site tumor. Generally, this study demonstrated the high potential of PCT nanodispersion in tumor combined therapy.
基金This research was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2017B020221002,2018B020207008 and 2021B1111610005)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,Grant No.201707010410。
文摘Near-infrared(NIR)spectral analysis,which has the advantages of rapidness,nondestruction and high-efficiency,is widely used in the detection of feed,food and mineral.In terms of qualitative identification,it can also be used for the discriminant analysis of medicines.Long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network,bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)neural network and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network are variants of the recurrent neural network(RNN).The potential relationship between nonlinear features learned from the sequence by these variants is used to complete the missions infields such as natural language processing,signal classification and video analysis.Since the effect of these variants in drug identification is still to be studied,this paper constructs a multiclassifier of these three variants,using compoundα-keto acid tablets produced by four manufacturers and repaglinide tablets produced by five manufacturers as the research object.Then,the paper analyzes the impacts of seven different preprocessed methods on the drug NIR data by constructing different layers of LSTM,BiLSTM and GRU networks and compares different classification model indicators and training time of each model.When the spectrum data are pre-processed by z-score normalization,the GRU-3 model has the best accuracy in all models.The BiLSTM models are better for analyzing high coincidence data.The method proposed in this paper can be further extended to other NIR spectroscopy data sets.
基金supported by the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,the Chinese Academy of ScienceseNational Natural Science Foundation of China(21772211,21920102003)+4 种基金the Institutes for Drug Discovery and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASIMM0120163006)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(17JC1405000,18431907100)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(19XD1424600)the National Science&Technology Major Project“Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program”,China(2018ZX09711002-006)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M662854)
文摘C-C bond activation has emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of complex molecules.Herein,we report a dual ligands relay-promoted transformation of unstrained aryl,alkenyl and alkynyl ketones to the corresponding polyfluoroarenes and nitriles via C-C(=O)bond cleavage and subsequent decarboxylative arylation process.Various polyfluoroarene and nitrile products are obtained in one pot under cyanide-free conditions.The protocol features high atom economy,broad functional group tolerance and excellent heterocyclic compatibility.The late-stage functionalization of the drug and natural product demonstrated the synthetic utility of our protocol.Furthermore,the decisive role of the dual ligands was clarified and the mechanistic rationale including theβ-C elimination as the rate-limiting step was supported by detailed density functional theory(DFT)studies.
基金supported by Project of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(2021B0202050002)Project of Evonik Operations GmbH(Evonik Trial No.37.87.19004).
文摘Aquatic animals have benefited from Bacillus subtilis-based probiotics over the past few decades.This study evaluated the effects of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics as a feed additive on growth,immune response and resistance to acute ammonia challenge in Nile tilapia.Specifically,four supplemental levels(0%,0.1%,0.2%,and 0.3%)of B.subtilis probiotics were tested under two dietary protein levels(32%and28%).Five replicate tanks were randomly allotted to each dietary treatment,with each tank containing 30Nile tilapia.After 8 weeks of feeding,Nile tilapia in each tank were exposed to 43.61 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen for 48 h.The results revealed that reducing protein levels from 32%to 28%did not affect growth performance or antioxidant capacity.However,the low protein diet tended to induce an inflammatory effect shown by increased expressions of TGF-βand IFN-γgenes(P<0.05)in the liver.The impact was alleviated by the probiotic supplementation.Compared with the non-supplemented group,0.1%probiotic supplementation remarkably increased plasma lysozyme activity,total antioxidant capacity and complement C3 and interleukin-10 mRNA levels(P<0.05)in the 28%protein diet,while higher supplementation of probiotics(0.3%)was shown to be beneficial for the high protein diet(32%).In both the dietary protein levels,0.1%supplementation of probiotics promoted the antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia before exposure to ammonia stress but higher probiotic supplementation(0.3%)proved to be necessary under ammonia stress as evidenced by higher fish survival rate.Results exhibited that supplementation with B.subtilis probiotics had a better effect on the intestinal morphology(villi height and width)regardless of protein levels.In conclusion,dietary supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315probiotics at 0.1%in the low protein diet and up to 0.3%in the high protein diet showed beneficial effects on the growth,immunity,and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia.Under ammonia stress conditions,the higher supplementation of B.subtilis DSM 32315 probiotics at 0.3%improves stress tolerance of Nile tilapia despite the two dietary protein levels(32%;28%).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3401500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22137005,92253302,22227810 to Lei Liu,22177004,92153301,22321005 to Suwei Dong,22277020 to Yiming Li,22022703,22177108,22377118 to Ji-Shen Zheng,92353302,22177059 to Yongxiang Chen,22177035 to Jun Guo,22277029,22077036 to Chunmao He,22077078 to Honggang Hu92353302,92053108 to Yanmei Li,22277015 to Junfeng Zhao)。
文摘The central dogma of modern biology underscores the pivotal roles proteins play in diverse biological processes,the study of which necessitates advanced methods to produce proteins with precision and versatility.Chemical protein synthesis,a powerful approach utilizing chemical reactions for the de novo construction of structurally accurate proteins,has emerged as a transformative tool for studying proteins and generating protein derivatives/mimics inaccessible by natural biological machinery,including post-translationally modified proteins,proteins comprised of unnatural amino acids,as well as mirror-image proteins.This review summarizes recent strides in synthetic method developments for chemical protein synthesis,including innovative techniques in solid-phase peptide synthesis,the challenges presented by difficult sequences in either synthesis or folding and the exploration of novel ligation reactions using both chemical and enzymatic methods.Furthermore,the review also delves into newly developed protocols for site-selective protein modifications and the generation of stapled or macrocyclized peptides/miniproteins,highlighting the power of chemical methods to make structurally diverse proteins.Recent applications of synthetic proteins in investigating post-translational modifications(phosphorylation,lipidation,glycosylation,ubiquitination,etc.),mirror-image biological processes and drug development are further discussed.Together,these topics provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of chemical protein synthesis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,Nos.21877020,22007020)Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No.2017A030306031)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2019A1515010935) for financial support on this study。
文摘The Cp;Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed asymmetric cascade C-H coupling/intramolecular cyclization of azomethine imines with propargyl carbonates has been developed, affording a variety of chiral tetracyclic indenopyrazolopyrazolone frameworks with good substrate/functional group tolerance and enantioselectivity(up to 97:3 er). Combined experimental studies and DFT calculations revealed the Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed stepwise annulation process and clarified the synergy coordination mode of dual directing groups in tuning the selectivity.
文摘The aim of the study was to identify main metabolites of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Nelumbinis Plumula after biotransformation by Caco-2 cells.Caco-2 cells were seeded to a 6-well plate and cultured for a period of time until 80%of each well was filled with cells.Then,cell medium was replaced and the norcoclaurine,liensinine,isoliensinine and neferine were respectively added to
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.3210110581373339)+6 种基金the 2021 Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A1515011367,China)the Southern Hospital Matching Fund(Nos.2013001,China)the High-Level university Academic Backbone and Training program in Guangzhou Medical University(Nos.B185004199,China)2022 City school joint funding project(Nos.202201020394,China)the 2018 Guangdong Key Discipline Construction Project of Pharmacy(Nos.Q185031010,China)the 2019 Undergraduate Laboratory Open Project(Nos.C195015003,China)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Nos.202201010783,China)。
文摘Metastasis and resistance are main causes to affect the outcome of the current anticancer therapies.Heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)as an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone takes important role in the tumor metastasis and resistance.Targeting Hsp90 and downregulating its expression show promising in inhibiting tumor metastasis and resistance.In this study,a redox-responsive dual-drug nanocarrier was constructed for the effective delivery of a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug PTX,and a COAmodified 4-arm PEG polymer(4PSC)was synthesized.COA,an active component in oleanolic acid that exerts strong antitumor activity by downregulating Hsp90 expression,was used as a structural and functional element to endow 4PSC with redox responsiveness and Hsp90 inhibitory activity.Our results showed that 4PSC/PTX nanomicelles efficiently delivered PTX and COA to tumor locations without inducing systemic toxicity.By blocking the Hsp90 signaling pathway,4PSC significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of PTX,inhibiting tumor proliferation and invasiveness as well as chemotherapy-induced resistance in vitro.Remarkable results were further confirmed in vivo with two preclinical tumor models.These findings demonstrate that the COA-modified 4PSC drug delivery nanosystem provides a potential platform for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapies.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81473320)Fund from Guangdong Science and Technology Department & Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2016A020226024)+1 种基金Fund of Guangdong Education Department (2015KTSCX112)the Science Fund of the Education Bureau of Guangzhou City (1201410039 and 2012C208)
文摘Euphorbia factor L2, a lathyrane diterpenoid isolated from caper euphorbia seed(the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris L.), has been traditionally applied to treat cancer. This article focuses on the cytotoxic activity of Euphorbia factor L2 against lung carcinoma A549 cells and the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced. We analyzed the cytotoxicity and related mechanism of Euphorbia factor L2 with an MTT assay, an annexin V-FITC/PI test, a colorimetric assay, and immunoblotting. Euphorbia factor L2 showed potent cytotoxicity to A549 cells. Euphorbia factor L2 led to an increase in reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation,a loss of mitochondrial electrochemical potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, suggesting that Euphorbia factor L2 induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway. The cytotoxic activity of Euphorbia factor L2 in A549 cells and the related mechanisms of apoptotic induction provide support for the further investigation of caper euphorbia seeds.
基金supported by grants from the National Science & Technology Major Project “Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program” (No. 2018ZX09711002, China)Science and Technology Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2016A030312014, China)+1 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (No. 201707010048, China)from the Scientific and Technological Leading Talent Project of Guangdong Province (2015, China)
文摘Secalonic acid D(SAD) could inhibit cell growth in not only sensitive cells but also multidrug resistant(MDR) cells. However, the molecular mechanisms need to be elucidated. Here, we identified that SAD possessed potent cytotoxicity in 3 pairs of MDR and their parental sensitive cells including S1-MI-80 and S1,H460/MX20 and H460, MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, SAD induced cell G2/M phase arrest via the downregulation of cyclin B1 and the increase of CDC2 phosphorylation. Importantly, JNK pathway upregulated the expression of c-Jun in protein level and increased c-Jun phosphorylation induced by SAD, which was linked to cell apoptosis via c-Jun/Src/STAT3 pathway. To investigate the mechanisms of upregulation of c-Jun protein by SAD, the mR NA expression level and degradation of c-Jun were examined. We found that SAD did not alter the mR NA level of c-Jun but inhibited its proteasome-dependent degradation. Taken together, these results implicate that SAD induces cancer cell death through c-Jun/Src/STAT3 signaling axis by inhibiting the proteasome-dependent degradation of c-Jun in both sensitive cells and ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family G member 2(ABCG2)-mediated MDR cells.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803463 and 51403043)the funding from Guangzhou Medical University (Grant No. B185004204, China)+5 种基金Guangzhou City Council (1201410511, China) and Guangdong Provincial Council (15KAL10, China)Munici-pal College Research Program of Guangzhou Education Bureau (1201610202, China)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2015A030310037, China)Guangdong Medical Science & Technology Research Foundation (A2017069, China)the Scientific Research Foundation of Guangzhou Education Bureau (1201610085 and 1201430509, China)Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou Medical University (2014C09, China)
文摘To establish an injectable hydrogel containing Prussian blue(PB) nanospheres for photothermal therapy against cancer, PB nanospheres were prepared by one-pot synthesis and the thermosensitive Pluronic F127 was used as the hydrogel matrix. The PB nanospheres and the hydrogel were characterized by shape, particle size, serum stability, photothermal performance upon repeated 808 nm laser irradiation, as well as the rheological features. The effect of the PB nanospheres and the hydrogel were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells. The retention,photothermal efficacy, therapeutic effects and systemic toxicity of the hydrogel were assessed in a tumor-bearing mouse model. The PB nanospheres had a diameter of about 150 nm and exhibited satisfactory serum stability, photo-heat convert ability and repeated laser exposure stability. The hydrogel encapsulation did not negatively influence the above features of the photothermal agent. The nanospherecontaining hydrogel showed a phase transition at body temperature and, as a result, a long retention time in vivo. The photothermal agent-embedded hydrogel displayed promising photothermal therapeutic effects in the tumor-bearing mouse model with little-to-no systemic toxicity after peritumoral administration.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(21877134,81872727,22077143,21702238,82003576,and 81703341)Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(The People’s Livelihood Programs for Science and Technology,201803010075,China)+1 种基金Science Foundation of Guangzhou City(201904020023,China)Fundamental Research Funds for Hainan University(KYQD(ZR)-21031,China)。
文摘Scaffold hopping refers to computer-aided screening for active compounds with different structures against the same receptor to enrich privileged scaffolds,which is a topic of high interest in organic and medicinal chemistry.However,most approaches cannot efficiently predict the potency level of candidates after scaffold hopping.Herein,we identified potent PDE5 inhibitors with a novel scaffold via a free energy perturbation(FEP)-guided scaffold-hopping strategy,and FEP shows great advantages to precisely predict the theoretical binding potenciesΔGFEPbetween ligands and their target,which were more consistent with the experimental binding potenciesΔGEXP(the mean absolute deviations|ΔGFEP-ΔGEXP|<2 kcal/mol)than thoseΔGMM-PBSAorΔGMM-GBSApredicted by the MM-PBSA or MM-GBSA method.Lead L12 had an IC_(50) of 8.7 nmol/L and exhibited a different binding pattern in its crystal structure with PDE5 from the famous starting drug tadalafil.Our work provides the first report via the FEPguided scaffold hopping strategy for potent inhibitor discovery with a novel scaffold,implying that it will have a variety of future applications in rational molecular design and drug discovery.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project(Grant No.2014CB744504,China)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81530054)+1 种基金Guangdong Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2016ZC0086,China)Guangdong Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2017ZC0099,China)
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has been widely used in cancer treatment.However,hypoxia in most solid tumors seriously restricts the efficacy of PDT.To improve the hypoxic microenvironment,we designed a novel mesoporous platinum(mPt)nanoplatform to catalyze hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2)within the tumor cells in situ without an extra enzyme.During the fabrication,the carboxy terminus of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)was connected to the amino terminus of the bifunctional mercaptoaminopolyglycol(SH-PEG-NH2)by a condensation reaction,and then PEG-Ce6 was modified onto the mPt moiety via the mercapto terminal of SH-PEG-NH2.Material,cellular and animal experiments demonstrated that Pt@PEG-Ce6 catalyzed H2 O2 to produce oxygen(O2)and that Ce6 transformed O2 to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)upon laser irradiation.The Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform with uniform diameter presented good biocompatibility and efficient tumor accumulation.Due to the high atomic number and good near-infrared absorption for Pt,this Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform showed computed tomography(CT)and photoacoustic(PA)dual-mode imaging ability,thus providing an important tool for monitoring the tumor hypoxic microenvironment.Moreover,the Pt@PEG-Ce6 nanoplatform reduced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-la(HIF-1α)and programmed death-1(PD-1)in tumors,discussing the relationship between hypoxia,PD-1,and PDT for the first time.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB932100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81690264 and 81821004)the Foundation for the Innovation Team of Ministry of Education(No.BMU2017TD003,China)
文摘Although high-efficiency targeted delivery is investigated for years, the efficiency of tumor targeting seems still a hard core to smash. To overcome this problem, we design a three-step delivery strategy based on streptavidin-biotin interaction with the help of c(RGDfK), magnetic fields and lasers.The ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(USIONPs) modified with c(RGDfK) and biotin are delivered at step 1, followed by streptavidin and the doxorubicin(Dox) loaded nanosystems conjugated with biotin at steps 2 and 3, respectively. The delivery systems were proved to be efficient on A549 cells. The co-localization of signal for each step revealed the targeting mechanism. The external magnetic field could further amplify the endocytosis of USPIONs based on c(RGDfK), and magnify the uptake distinctions among different test groups. Based on photoacoustic imaging, laser-heating treatment could enhance the permeability of tumor venous blood vessels and change the insufficient blood flow in cancer. Then, it was noticed in vivo that only three-step delivery with laser-heating and magnetic fields realized the highest tumor distribution of nanosystem. Finally, the magnetism/laser-auxiliary cascaded delivery exhibited the best antitumor efficacy. Generally, this study demonstrated the necessity of combining physical, biological and chemical means of targeting.
文摘Chemotherapy is still the effective strategy for treating cancer.It is important to explore anticancer agents from Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural products.Different cancer cell lines were included in our research,such as HL60,K562,K562/ADR,KB,KBv200 cells.Cell growth inhibition assay,Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay,measurement of reactive
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21778025,91853114,and 2193303)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(no.20202ACBL203004).
文摘The diastereoselectivity of conventional polyene cyclization reactions is highly dependent on the configuration of the internal alkenes,where E-poly enes provide trans-decalins,while Z-polyenes offer cis-decalins.Although polyene cyclization has evolved into a reliable and widely used strategy for the construction of trans-decalin frameworks of terpene and steroid natural products,its application for cis-decalin framework is extremely challenging.