Air quality is a critical concern for public health and environmental regulation. The Air Quality Index (AQI), a widely adopted index by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), serves as a crucial metric for rep...Air quality is a critical concern for public health and environmental regulation. The Air Quality Index (AQI), a widely adopted index by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), serves as a crucial metric for reporting site-specific air pollution levels. Accurately predicting air quality, as measured by the AQI, is essential for effective air pollution management. In this study, we aim to identify the most reliable regression model among linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). We conducted four different regression analyses using a machine learning approach to determine the model with the best performance. By employing the confusion matrix and error percentages, we selected the best-performing model, which yielded prediction error rates of 22%, 23%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, for LDA, QDA, logistic regression, and KNN models. The logistic regression model outperformed the other three statistical models in predicting AQI. Understanding these models' performance can help address an existing gap in air quality research and contribute to the integration of regression techniques in AQI studies, ultimately benefiting stakeholders like environmental regulators, healthcare professionals, urban planners, and researchers.展开更多
In this paper, we deal with a classroom where bullying is occurring and assume that if a number of bystanders who tattle bullying exceeds a threshold, then bullying is stopped. Bystanders’ behaviour is formulated as ...In this paper, we deal with a classroom where bullying is occurring and assume that if a number of bystanders who tattle bullying exceeds a threshold, then bullying is stopped. Bystanders’ behaviour is formulated as a non-cooperative game, with negative externality, retaliation cost and reporting cost. Our research shows that to stop bullying, it is useful to raise the cost of negative externality and to reduce the retaliation cost and or the reporting cost. Additionally, it is shown that small class is effective in preventing bullying.展开更多
In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing ...In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing care activities using robotic technologies, and employing human resources from overseas. The purpose of this study was to determine potential legal issues and subsequent implications for care during prevention gymnastic exercises for the elderly using Pepper in long-term health facilities. The application program of Care-Prevention Gymnastics Exercises for Pepper (Pepper with CPGE) was made by the Xing Company Japan. Currently, care workers become intermediaries for the safe use of Pepper with CPGE. However, it was realized that some legal issues may arise if Pepper with CPGE alone will carry out these preventive care programs for the elderly without the presence of care workers as intermediaries. In this situation, using Pepper with CPGE alone to conduct care prevention gymnastics will require safety measures to prevent these possible practice issues and anticipate implications for care. In this regard, determining detailed target levels of rehabilitation exercise demands and environmental setting safety become essential factors. The use of humanoid robots in healthcare is expected to influence more practice protocols in contemporary and futurist rehabilitative human care. The identification of possible safety issues in performance and environmental situations, and implications for care are critical to ensure safe and valuable rehabilitative health care practices for the elderly population.展开更多
The initial cases of novel coronavirus(COVID-19)were identified in most West African countries between late February and early March of 2020.But it is only after March 15,2020 that the number of cases started rising s...The initial cases of novel coronavirus(COVID-19)were identified in most West African countries between late February and early March of 2020.But it is only after March 15,2020 that the number of cases started rising significantly in these countries.This study analyzes the transmission dynamics of the outbreak in West Africa nearly 5 months after the effective onset.We focus on Cameroon,Ghana,Guinea and Nigeria,which are the four West African countries with the highest numbers of infected cases.We combine models of mathematical epidemiology and publicly available data to estimate the main disease transmission characteristics.In particular,we estimate the initial doubling time,the peak time,the peak rate,the final size and the short-term transmission forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic for these countries.Policy implications for the effectiveness of control measures and for assessing the potential impact on public health in West Africa are discussed.展开更多
I.INTRODUCTION China has been carrying out significant fiscal decentralization policy for over three decades.However,these reforms have largely concentrated on the revenue side of the budgets,and generally they have n...I.INTRODUCTION China has been carrying out significant fiscal decentralization policy for over three decades.However,these reforms have largely concentrated on the revenue side of the budgets,and generally they have not been coordinated with an explicit strategy for the decentralization of expenditure assignments.展开更多
This paper discusses the recent economics literature on ranking opportu- nity sets in terms of freedom. It focuses on （i） the intuitive significance of freedom in assessing economic and public policies, （ii） the m...This paper discusses the recent economics literature on ranking opportu- nity sets in terms of freedom. It focuses on （i） the intuitive significance of freedom in assessing economic and public policies, （ii） the measurement of freedom offered by various opportunity sets, and （iii） the conception of opportunity set in a world of interdependence among individuals. This paper also points out some open issues and problems that deserve further investigations.展开更多
文摘Air quality is a critical concern for public health and environmental regulation. The Air Quality Index (AQI), a widely adopted index by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), serves as a crucial metric for reporting site-specific air pollution levels. Accurately predicting air quality, as measured by the AQI, is essential for effective air pollution management. In this study, we aim to identify the most reliable regression model among linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN). We conducted four different regression analyses using a machine learning approach to determine the model with the best performance. By employing the confusion matrix and error percentages, we selected the best-performing model, which yielded prediction error rates of 22%, 23%, 20%, and 27%, respectively, for LDA, QDA, logistic regression, and KNN models. The logistic regression model outperformed the other three statistical models in predicting AQI. Understanding these models' performance can help address an existing gap in air quality research and contribute to the integration of regression techniques in AQI studies, ultimately benefiting stakeholders like environmental regulators, healthcare professionals, urban planners, and researchers.
文摘In this paper, we deal with a classroom where bullying is occurring and assume that if a number of bystanders who tattle bullying exceeds a threshold, then bullying is stopped. Bystanders’ behaviour is formulated as a non-cooperative game, with negative externality, retaliation cost and reporting cost. Our research shows that to stop bullying, it is useful to raise the cost of negative externality and to reduce the retaliation cost and or the reporting cost. Additionally, it is shown that small class is effective in preventing bullying.
文摘In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing care activities using robotic technologies, and employing human resources from overseas. The purpose of this study was to determine potential legal issues and subsequent implications for care during prevention gymnastic exercises for the elderly using Pepper in long-term health facilities. The application program of Care-Prevention Gymnastics Exercises for Pepper (Pepper with CPGE) was made by the Xing Company Japan. Currently, care workers become intermediaries for the safe use of Pepper with CPGE. However, it was realized that some legal issues may arise if Pepper with CPGE alone will carry out these preventive care programs for the elderly without the presence of care workers as intermediaries. In this situation, using Pepper with CPGE alone to conduct care prevention gymnastics will require safety measures to prevent these possible practice issues and anticipate implications for care. In this regard, determining detailed target levels of rehabilitation exercise demands and environmental setting safety become essential factors. The use of humanoid robots in healthcare is expected to influence more practice protocols in contemporary and futurist rehabilitative human care. The identification of possible safety issues in performance and environmental situations, and implications for care are critical to ensure safe and valuable rehabilitative health care practices for the elderly population.
文摘The initial cases of novel coronavirus(COVID-19)were identified in most West African countries between late February and early March of 2020.But it is only after March 15,2020 that the number of cases started rising significantly in these countries.This study analyzes the transmission dynamics of the outbreak in West Africa nearly 5 months after the effective onset.We focus on Cameroon,Ghana,Guinea and Nigeria,which are the four West African countries with the highest numbers of infected cases.We combine models of mathematical epidemiology and publicly available data to estimate the main disease transmission characteristics.In particular,we estimate the initial doubling time,the peak time,the peak rate,the final size and the short-term transmission forecasts of the COVID-19 epidemic for these countries.Policy implications for the effectiveness of control measures and for assessing the potential impact on public health in West Africa are discussed.
文摘I.INTRODUCTION China has been carrying out significant fiscal decentralization policy for over three decades.However,these reforms have largely concentrated on the revenue side of the budgets,and generally they have not been coordinated with an explicit strategy for the decentralization of expenditure assignments.
文摘This paper discusses the recent economics literature on ranking opportu- nity sets in terms of freedom. It focuses on （i） the intuitive significance of freedom in assessing economic and public policies, （ii） the measurement of freedom offered by various opportunity sets, and （iii） the conception of opportunity set in a world of interdependence among individuals. This paper also points out some open issues and problems that deserve further investigations.
