Research on the Path of Improving the Efficiency of Urban Community Governance from the Perspective of Collaborative Governance:A Case Study of Daqing City,China

Under the background of“co-construction,co-governance,and sharing,”the role of the grassroots level is becoming increasingly important.In the past,the governance body was single with blocked information,and the inefficient governance mode required gradual transformation.In order to achieve collaborative governance and break through the obstacles in grassroots governance,the key lies in how to play the role of the community,coordinate the relationship between citizens and the community,and allow the community to better play the role of grassroots governance.Under the guidance of the concept of collaborative governance and combined with relevant data,this paper discusses the problems and current situation of community governance in Daqing City,China,explores the path to improve the efficiency of urban community governance,and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions to better realize the role of community in grassroots governance.

Evolution and impacts of the United States’Arctic strategy and China’s responses

On 7 October,2022,the Biden administration released an updated version of the National Strategy for the Arctic Region based on new developments in the Arctic region and global affairs.This strategy emphasizes traditional security issues in the Arctic,attaches great importance to climate governance in the region,and advocates for restoring American leadership through international cooperation.In view of the strong influence of the United States(U.S.)in the Arctic region,the changes of the U.S.Arctic strategy will inevitably have an impact on China’s scientific researchrights,economic interests,and governance rights in the Arctic region.To respond to the new situation brought about by the changes in the U.S.Arctic strategy,China should take the initiative to maintain positive relationships with all Arctic countries,and continue its active participation in Arctic affairs.

Review on the Rise of Emerging Political Parties in Africa

Since the beginning of the 21st century,a number of influential new political parties have emerged in many African countries,posing different degrees of impact and challenges to the established party political system,making it an important phenomenon worthy of attention in African party politics in recent years.

Stability of K-struvite in High Temperature and Acid-base Environment

K-struvite was prepared by precipitation method,and the stability of K-struvite in high temperature and acid-base environment were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric analysis(TG/DSC),and infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The results show that K-struvite decomposes from 50 to 110℃,and the mass loss begins at 50℃before being completely destroyed at 110℃,then further heating at temperature above 500℃leading to complete loss of the binding water in K-struvite.Moreover,K-struvite is more stable in alkaline environments than acidic environment.

Unenumerated Rights Clauses and the System of Restriction on Fundamental Rights——Another Construction Plan for Article 51 of the Constitution of PRC

According to constitutional jurisprudence in China,Article 51 of the Constitution is an unenumerated restrictive clause.Such theoretical construction fails to justify the differentiated restrictions established in the Constitution and makes it difficult to explain the constitutional status of human dignity. Article 51 implies the possibility of other theoretical constructions. It is not an unenumerated restriction clause but an unenumerated rights clause. It aims to provide guarantees for general freedom of action not enumerated in the Constitution rather than restricting fundamental rights. The actual benefit of this kind of theoretical construction lies in that it can establish the basis of the constitutional text for general freedom of action and promote the people’s correct understanding of the model of restriction on fundamental rights established by the Constitution of PRC.

A Comparative Study of Local Legislation on Family Education in China

Since 2017,10 provinces(cities)in China have promulgated local laws and regulations on family education,ushering in ground-breaking improvements in the working mechanism,content,subjects,system,and local characteristics of family education.Based on a comparative study of the local legislation on family education in the 10 provinces,the characteristics and differences are summarized,and recommendations and prospects for local legislation on family education in other provinces are presented in this paper.

A risk assessment method considering risk attributes and work safety informational needs and its application

The technological revolution has spawned a new generation of industrial systems,but it has also put forward higher requirements for safety management accuracy,timeliness,and systematicness.Risk assessment needs to evolve to address the existing and future challenges by considering the new demands and advancements in safety management.The study aims to propose a systematic and comprehensive risk assessment method to meet the needs of process system safety management.The methodology first incorporates possibility,severity,and dynamicity(PSD)to structure the“51X”evaluation indicator system,including the inherent,management,and disturbance risk factors.Subsequently,the four-tier(risk point-unit-enterprise-region)risk assessment(RA)mathematical model has been established to consider supervision needs.And in conclusion,the application of the PSD-RA method in ammonia refrigeration workshop cases and safety risk monitoring systems is presented to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PSD-RA method in safety management.The findings show that the PSD-RA method can be well integrated with the needs of safety work informatization,which is also helpful for implementing the enterprise's safety work responsibility and the government's safety supervision responsibility.

Assessment for soil loss by using a scheme of alterative sub-models based on the RUSLE in a Karst Basin of Southwest China

Accurate assessment of soil loss caused by rainfall is essential for natural and agricultural resources management. Soil erosion directly affects the environment and human sustainability. In this work, the empirical and contemporary model of revised universal soil loss equation （RUSLE） was applied for simulating the soil erosion rate in a karst catchment using remote sensing data and geographical information systems. A scheme of alterative sub-models was adopted to calculate the rainfall erosivity （R）, soil erodibility （K）, slope length and steepness （LS）, cover management （C） and conservation practice （P） factors in the geographic information system （GIS） environment. A map showing the potential of soil erosion rate was produced by the RUSLE and it indicated the severe soil erosion in the study area. Six classes of erosion rate are distinguished from the map： 1） minimal, 2） low, 3） medium, 4） high, 5） very high, and 6） extremely high. The RUSLE gave a mean annual erosion rate of 30.24 Mg ha-1 yr-1 from the 1980s to 2000s. The mean annual erosion rate obtained using RUSLE is consistent with the result of previous research based on in situ measurement from 1980 to 2009. The high performance of the RUSLE model indicates the reliability of the sub-models and possibility of applying the RUSLE on quantitative estimation. The result of the RUSLE model is sensitive to the slope steepness, slope length, vegetation factors and digital elevation model （DEM） resolution. The study suggests that attention should be given to the topographic factors and DEM resolution when applying the RUSLE on quantitative estimation of soil loss.

The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.

Research on the Harmonious Development of New Rural Communities under the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Areas

On the basis of offering a definition of New Rural Communities (NRCs), the paper analyzes the values of New Rural Communities and argues that the construction of NRCs is able to contribute to the enhancement of the comprehensive agricultural production capability as well as the development of social productivity. Meanwhile the incomes of the rural residents can be boosted, which denotes the realization of a harmonious society where the achievements of China's reform and development are shared by each citizen. Moreover, the construction of NRCs facilitates the economization of land use and thus improves the overall living standard of the residents, while helping to cut the administrative cost and promote democracy at the primary level. This paper also points out various problems arising during the construction of NRCS in China: blindly following suit in accordance with the modes of the urban communities; lack of funds, which leads to the absence of the supporting mechanisms of NRCs; vague positioning and the ensuing shortage of impetus for continued development. Finally, the paper raises the corresponding measures and suggestions: first, based on reality, make overall planning and scientific arrangement; second, the government should play the dominant role while respecting the principal position of the rural residents and introducing the market mechanism; third, increase science and technology input and attach equal importance to economic and social benefits; fourth, broaden fund-raising channels while completing the supervision mechanism.

Success Factors of Biotechnology Industry Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number

Based on the theory of competitive advantage and value chain, this paper establishes the indicator system, and develop the strategic framework using the fuzzy Delphi method. Then the triangular fuzzy number model is established using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, and the key factors influencing biotechnology industry are extracted. The results show that in terms of weight, the key factors influencing the success of biotechnology industry are sequenced as follows: "open innovation capacity", "quality and cost control ability", "advanced customer-oriented product manufacturing capacity", "technology R & D personnel's capacity", "brand image building capacity", "logistics and sales capacity", "grasping the market demand trends". The manufacturers and government decision-making body can use this as the basis, to promote the development of the biotechnology industry.

Nutritional Status of Under-five Children from Urban Low-income Families in Xiangtan and Jilin in China

There have been many studies on the nutrition and the growth status of children from rural and remote western regions of China, whereas researches on children from urban low-income families are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the growth and nutritional status of children under five years of age from urban low-income families in China. There were 169 children aged 25–60 months recruited from Xiangtan and Jilin, two cities with a population of 2.81 million and 4.26 million respectively, in China in this cluster cross-sectional study. Data were collected on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, the feeding practices and the incidence of anemia and diarrhea. The results showed that the prevalence of low birth weight and macrosomia was 7.1% and 9.5% for the two cities, respectively, which was higher than that for other cities in China（1.5% and 5.9%）. Of all the sampled children, 14.6% and 8.2% suffered anemia and diarrhea, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that legumes or nuts fed in a 24-h recall increased the risk of anemia（OR=4.9）. Children whose caregivers began to introduce complementary foods relatively late would have high diarrhea prevalence（OR=1.4）. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia and diarrhea in under-five children from urban low-income families in China is relatively high. The growth and nutritional status of these children is greatly affected by feeding practices. A series of measures should be taken by relevant government departments to improve the health of these children.

Research on the Problems and Countermeasures of Taiyuan Smart City Construction

Taking Taiyuan City as the research object,this paper sorts out the problems in smart city construction from four aspects,and based on the analysis of their deep-seated reasons,combined with the practice and development trend of Taiyuan City’s smart city construction,4 items have been put forward.Strong operability countermeasures and suggestions:strengthen the top-level design,clarify the construction ideas;formulate preferential investment policies to solve the capital dilemma;give full play to geographical advantages,clarify the focus of construction,etc.

Study on the Background,Scientific Connotation and Contemporary Value of Marx’s and Engels’s Peasant Thoughts

In the process of leading the international communist movement,Marx and Engels faced the profound influence of social revolution and multi-social thoughts caused by the development of capitalism.They always stood at the historical height and the forefront of the times with their attention attached to and study the peasant issues,on the basis of the need to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the workers’ movement and the revolutionary allied forces.Marx and Engels insisted on the connection between theory and practice,the unity of materialism and dialectics,the combination of principle and flexibility,the principle of complementing macro and micro analysis,and the features of peasantry class,personality characteristics,revolutionary nature,political attitudes and history of peasants and other in-depth analysis being accomplished and put forward practical and feasible joint measures to form a peasant thought with great scientific connotation.This idea is still of important value for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy by our party in the new era and the proper resolution of the “three rural issues”.

Influence of Civil Authority on Rural Grass-roots Democracy and Social Autonomy in Northwest Minority Regions

System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.

Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA ATPase8 gene in Guyuan Native Chicken

[Objective] To amplify ATPase8 genes from genomic DNA of Guyuan chicken （white plume, ma plume and red plume）, Arbor acres broiler and Roman layer. [Method] Using specific pdmers for differential detection of chicken-derived ingredients, the ATPase8 genes were amplified from the genomic DNA extracted from chicken blood by PCR. And the PCR products were sequenced. [ Result] The full length sequence of chicken ATPase8 was 165 bp in the Guyuan chicken and Arbor acres broiler and 168 bp in Roman layer. [Condusion] The ATPase8 gene of the Guyuan chicken has high homology to that of the Arbor acres broiler or Roman layer, but it has low homology to that of quail, partridge, ostrich, goose or turkey.

Self-organization: the governance of CAO fisheries from perspective of the global commons

The Central Arctic Ocean （CAO） is a global commons, and fishes in the CAO are common property resources. If humanity does not manage this region well, then this will lead to a ＂Tragedy of the Commons,＂ an old problem in human society. However, the two existing means of commons governance, privatization and government control, are not appropriate for the CAO. This study＇s findings indicate that CAO fisheries management will most likely result from a process of self-organization. The openness of the CAO and the imbalance of powers, interests and responsibilities among the states that are involved will lead to a process of self-organized governance of CAO fisheries. There are four stages in this process： competition, synergy, establishment of governing principles and mechanisms, and expansion and evolution of influence. The outcome of CAO fisheries governance will be the result of compromise among the parties as no one actor is in a dominant position.

International Comparison,Regional Characteristics and Regulatory Management of Structural Rise in the Prices of Chinese Industrial and Agricultural Products

China's price fluctuations increasingly exhibit significant structural characteristics,and since 2003,there have been several rounds of significant structural price rise.The degree of structural rise in the prices of industrial and agricultural products in China is not only higher than in the general developed countries and developing countries,but also more prominent than in other transition economies.And the structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products exhibits significant economic zone differences:the structural fluctuations are the greatest in the central and western regions,significantly higher than in the eastern regions as well as the national average.From the perspective of causes of structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products,the government must aim to coordinate the industrial and agricultural investments and bridge the gap in the industrial and agricultural technologies and supply capacity.

Realistic Significance and Practical Exploration of Cultivating New Professional Farmers in China

Firstly, the background, ways, countermeasures, problems and realistic significance of cultivating new professional farmers in China were studied, and then the mechanism for cultivating new professional farmers was discussed based on Town S. The results show that cultivating new professional farmers can fundamentally relieve "three rural issues" existing for a long time and is of great significance to rural economic development. For instance, it can integrate rural human capital and release modern productivity, increase farmers' income and improve rural economy, increase land utilization and output per unit area, and break through the bottlenecks during agricultural development to realize agricultural modernization. According to the case study of Town S, during the process of cultivating new professional farmers, governments at all levels ought to adopt many effective measures and strengthen support to realize cultivation targets planed early.

Research on the Relationship between Little Village Official's Career Choice and Human Capital,Social Capital

The career planning plays an important role in little village official's development. The study uses stata SE12 statistical software based on the sample survey of little village official in China. And it studies the relationships of human capital,social capital and career planning of little village official. It shows that:( i) After the village work,to be civil servant is the preferred way for little village official,and the female and unmarried choosing this are more than others. The probability of taking the civil service exam diminishes with age,but increases with the increasing human capital and social capital.( ii) Working in institution is the second choice of little village official. The female,married and older have greater proportion than the others. The trend is diminishing with increased human capital and social capital.( iii) The male,married,older,or little village officials employed by provincial government or working in the central and western regions of China choosing to be selected as township deputies are more than others.( iv) The married and older would like to remain in office,but this probability diminishes with the increased human capital and social capital.( v) The male,older,or the little village official working in the central region,employed by municipal government and employed by county government would like to start up their own businesses.( vi) Few of them choose their jobs by themselves,continue further education,or choose enterprise work and social work. There are more little village officials graduating from " 985 project" or " 211 project" universities choosing to work in enterprises.