Study on the Background,Scientific Connotation and Contemporary Value of Marx’s and Engels’s Peasant Thoughts

In the process of leading the international communist movement,Marx and Engels faced the profound influence of social revolution and multi-social thoughts caused by the development of capitalism.They always stood at the historical height and the forefront of the times with their attention attached to and study the peasant issues,on the basis of the need to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the workers’ movement and the revolutionary allied forces.Marx and Engels insisted on the connection between theory and practice,the unity of materialism and dialectics,the combination of principle and flexibility,the principle of complementing macro and micro analysis,and the features of peasantry class,personality characteristics,revolutionary nature,political attitudes and history of peasants and other in-depth analysis being accomplished and put forward practical and feasible joint measures to form a peasant thought with great scientific connotation.This idea is still of important value for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy by our party in the new era and the proper resolution of the “three rural issues”.

Paradigm shift and prospects of China's earthquake emergency management policies:Analysis of historical institutionalism

China's earthquake emergency management policies have experienced a total of four types of paradigms:the paradigm focusing on disaster relief from 1949−1966,the paradigm focusing on earthquake prevention from 1966−1989,the paradigm focusing on earthquake mitigation from 1989−2016,and the paradigm integrating disaster prevention,mitigation,and relief from 2016 to present.Path dependence can be found in China’s earthquake emergency management policies,which have accumulated to implement comprehensive disaster mitigation based on a pure focus on disaster relief.In addition,earthquake emergency management policies also have a change logic in which subjects are increasingly diversified,policy tools are continuously developed and influenced by the economic system,and policy paradigm changes are influenced by the international environment,national strategies,and emergencies.In the future,earthquake emergency management policies should start from organizational change,digital change and rule of law construction to promote the modernization of China's earthquake emergency governance system and capacity.

Global Clean Energy Transition and China’s Role

The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century.A raft of crises,includ­ing climate change,soaring energy price and sluggish economic growth,are dragging behind the achievement of the UN 2030 Sustainable Develop­ment Goals.Clean energy represented by wind,solar,biomass and green hydrogen,as the mainstay of next generation energy economic system.

China's climate socialization and renewable energy coalition building

Against the backdrop of a heavy carbon lock-in energy structure,China has made considerable progress in renewable energy(RE)development and become a world leader in this area within a decade.Although existing research suggests that rapid RE growth is mainly due to the convergence of economic growth,green industry competition,and energy security concerns under a unique state-led model,they oversimplify the difficulty inherent in RE policy shifting supported by formerly weak pro-RE actors in China's historical trajectory of a low-carbon transition.By exploring the interaction between international and domestic actors by means of a socialization-based coalition-building framework,this paper aims at analyzing how the capacity building of the RE coalition gets enhanced via institutional anchoring and resource reallocation in the climate socialization process and how the strengthened RE coalition has spurred transformation in China's RE policy and the challenges they are confronted with.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the 10-Item Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement in a Community-Based Sample in Southwest China

Community resilience has received growing attention in disaster risk management policies and practices,especially in China.However,few applicable instruments are available as a baseline for profiling and estimating a community’s resiliency in the face of disasters.The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt and validate the original version of the 10-Item Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement(CCRAM-10)in China.Our study further investigates if and to what extent community members translate their participation in disaster risk reduction(DRR)activities into perceived community resilience.A Chinese version of CCRAM-10 was generated and applied to 369 participants from a rural and an urban community in southwest China affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.Internal consistency reliability and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the assessment instrument’s applicability.The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit Assessment Survey was used to establish the convergent validity for the Chinese version of CCRAM-10.Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the correlations between respondents’participation in activities and their perception of community resilience,while controlling for basic socio-demographic variables.Analysis results demonstrated good internal consistency reliability(Cronbach’s alpha=0.85)and satisfactory convergent validity for the Chinese version of the CCRAM-10.Construct validity was also confirmed(χ~2/df=2.161;CFI=0.977;GFI=0.971;NFI=0.958;RMSEA=0.056;SRMR=0.030).The regression analysis results indicated that respondents’participation in DRR activities was positively correlated with their perception of community resilience.This study contributes to the wider collection of disaster studies by providing a tested tool for assessing community resilience in the context of China.Community workers and practice researchers may be interested in applying CCRAM-10 to evaluate the effect of specific DRR programmatic activities for improving community resilience.

Stochastic Petri Net Based Modeling of Emergency Medical Rescue Processes During Earthquakes

The post-disaster emergency medical rescue(EMR) is critical for people’s lives. This paper presents a stochastic Petri net(SPN) model based on the process of the rescue structure and a Markov chain model(MC), which is applied to the optimization of the EMR process, with the aim of identifying the key activities of EMR. An isomorphic MC model is developed for measuring and evaluating the time performance of the EMR process during earthquakes with the data of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.This paper provides a mathematical approach to simulate the process and to evaluate the efficiency of EMR. Simultaneously, the expressions of the steady state probabilities of this system under various states are obtained based on the MC, and the variations of the probabilities are analyzed by changing the firing rates for every transition. Based on the concrete data of the event, the authors find the most time consuming and critical activities for EMR decisions. The model results show that the key activities can improve the efficiency of medical rescue, providing decision-makers with rescue strategies during the large scale earthquake.