Social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults

This paper reviews empirical work on cognitive and social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of illness behavior associated with functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease. A particular emphasis is placed on randomized controlled trials, the majority of which are multi-modal in orientation, incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, social learning, and relaxation. Based on this review, we offer methodological and clinical suggestions: (1) Research investigations should include adequate sample sizes, long-term follow-up assessments, and a credible, active control group. (2) Standard gastrointestinal practice should include, when appropriate, learning opportunities for patients and family members, for example, instruction regarding the encouragement of wellness behavior.

Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children

AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors.

“Good Vibrations”: The Social Networks of Optimists and Alter-Optimists

This study empirically tested if the personality trait of optimism and the interpersonal capability to generate optimism in one’s network nodes (i.e., alter-optimism) influences the social relationship patterns. The results provide evidence that optimism trait is independent from the way social networks of personal-issue sharing, advice-seeking, problem-solving, and innovation, are structured. In contrary, the alter-optimism capability does provide a good explanation of one’s social network position. Implications of these findings are discussed at the end.

Biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotions in women: A study using the Trier Social Stress Test

Objective:Research on the biological mechanisms by which the liver controls dispersion and regulates emotion usually focuses on psychological stress.This study investigated the biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotion using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).Differences in subjective stress,subjective emotion,and physiological responses were examined between healthy women (Group A) and depressed women with liver qi stagnation syndrome (Group B).Method:Subjects were 72 women who met the inclusion criteria after physical examination.The EPQ-RSC,BAI,and BDI-21 were used to assess personality and emotion.Subjects completed a 5-point scale to measure subjective stress.Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured.To measure changes in activity of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LCNE)/autonomic nervous system and the HPA axis,saliva samples were collected at the end of the rest and preparation periods,and 5 time pionts after the TSST task.The PAD Emotion Scale was completed at 4 time points before and after the TSST task.Saliva cortisol was tested.These indexes were compared between the two groups.Results:There were 33 subjects in Group A and 39 subjects in Group B.Subjects in Group B had lower levels of stress,pleasure,and dominance,but higher arousal (after the task:P <.05).They also had higher saliva cortisol levels,slower heart rate,higher BVP,and more stable RMSSD and SDNN.Conclusion:In relation to mood,the liver's regulation of emotion mainly affects negative emotional experience and the sense of control Regarding the biological mechanisms underlying the liver's regulation of emotion,the activity of the LC-NE/autonomic nervous system in women is more obvious in response to psychological stress when the dispersion of the liver is normal.The activity of the HPA axis in women is more obvious in response to psychological stress when the dispersion of the liver is abnormal.

Role of theories in school-based diabetes care interventions:A critical review

BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood.School plays an essential role in the management of student diabetes,which reduces the risk of short-and long-term diabetes complications and ensures that students are wellpositioned for optimal academic performance and growth.AIM The aim of this review was to systematically identify and synthesize the literature concerning theory-based diabetes care interventions in K-12 schools in the United States.It critically assessed the specific role of theories and associated essential constructs in intervention design,implementation,outcome measurement,and evaluation.METHODS Relevant literature was identified by keyword searches of the Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Web of Science.RESULTS Four interventions met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review.Of those,two evaluated online diabetes education programs for school personnel and the other two assessed in-person interventions.Three studies adopted a onegroup pre-post study design,and the remaining one adopted a one-shot casestudy design.Three of the interventions adopted social cognitive theory,and the remaining one was guided by the diffusion of innovations theory.Three studies identified core constructs of a theory as predictors of behavioral change.Two used theory to select or develop intervention techniques.Two studies used theory to customize participant intervention techniques.Two studies discussed their findings in the context of theory.No study used theory to select potential intervention participants.CONCLUSION In conclusion,despite the value of theory in intervention design and evaluation,theory-based diabetes interventions at school remain scarce.Future research may seek ways to better integrate theory and empirical research.

Social Work Modes of Rural Women Ability Construction: A Case Study of Luzhai Village in Yunnan Province

Taking Luzhai Village as a case,this paper discussed social work modes of rural women ability construction using marsh gas project,education project,handicraft project,and healthcare project as operation carrier. It focused on ability restoration and ability improvement to comprehensively respond to women demand and development. In the process of project implementation,it is recommended to avoid gender segregation,pay close attention to women subsistence ethics,properly treat traditional gender mode,and care about girl growth.

Asian-American elders’ health and physician use: An examination of social determinants and lifespan influences

While the Asian American population is growing rapidly, relatively little research has focused on intergroup health comparisons. The application of the life course perspective sheds new light on the inter-section of the ageing process and social determinants of health. This study compares physician use and health equity among Asian ethnic groups and non-Hispanic Whites. Data on Asian American and non-Hispanic White immigrants over 65 were extracted from the California Health Interview Survey. Weighted logistic regression models were tested applying the Commission on Social Determinants of Health model. Intergroup differences in physician use and health equity were observed. Furthermore, physician use and health varied among the groups by age. The diverse background of older Asian Americans and the differential effects of the ageing process point to the need for novel interventions to promote health among this population.

Break Free from Depression:Implementation and Outcomes of a School-Based Depression Awareness Program

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Break Free from Depression(BFFD),a school-based depression awareness curriculum,in comparison to a wait list control group.A total of 13 eighth grade classrooms participated in either an intervention or control group and completed pre-,post-,and three-month follow-up surveys.Students participating in BFFD(N=6 classrooms,166 students)demonstrated enhanced knowledge of and more adaptive attitudes towards depression compared to the control group(N=7 classrooms,155 students).Participants in the BFFD intervention also demonstrated increases in their confidence in knowing how to seek help for depression and in their intent to seek this help if needed.Slight decreases were found at a three-month follow-up in all scales except for intent to seek help.BFFD was effective regardless of gender,ethnicity,or identification as a member of the LGBTQ community.There was a delayed effect on measured constructs for Black students with gains apparent at three-month follow-up.The findings demonstrated that BFFD had a small but significant positive impact on students’knowledge,skills,and attitudes in seeking support for themselves and for others when faced with signs of depression.The implementation of depression awareness curricula in schools hold promise in promoting student mental health,and it is important to consider factors that might have an impact on outcomes.

Marijuana use and suicidal behaviours among school-going adolescents in Africa:assessments of prevalence and risk factors from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey

Background Marijuana use among adolescents,including high school students,has been consistently reported to be associated with a high incidence of suicidal behaviours.Little empirical research has been conducted on the propensity impact of marijuana use on suicidal behaviours in Africa.Aims To assess factors associated with marijuana use and further quantify marijuana use as an associated factor of suicidal behaviours,including repeated attempted suicide,suicidal ideation and suicide planning,among high school students in Africa.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 32802 school-going adolescents using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 10 African countries grouped into West Africa,North Africa,South-East Africa,South Africa and East Africa subregions.Marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were the main outcome variables.We employed double selection least absolute shrinkage and selection operator poisson regression model to assess risk factors associated with marijuana use and dominance analysis to establish ranked important and common risk factors.Inverse probability weighting poisson regression adjustment was applied to assess impact.Results The prevalence of marijuana use and repeated attempted suicide were 3.7%(95%CI:3.1 to 4.3)and 6.6%(95%CI:5.9 to 7.4),respectively.The most important risk factor for marijuana use generally across the countries and specifically in three subregions was alcohol consumption,which constituted approximately 40%of the impact.The average treatment effect on the treated(ATT)indicated that marijuana use significantly increased the risk of suicidal ideation,suicide planning and repeated attempted suicide by 12%(ATT=0.12(95%CI:0.02 to 0.22)),18%(ATT=0.18(95%CI:0.13 to 0.22))and 31%(ATT=0.31(95%CI:0.20 to 0.41)),respectively.Conclusions Marijuana use was significantly associated with suicidal behaviours(suicidal ideation,planning and repeated attempted suicide)among the students.To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.5(to strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse),school-based-based psychosocial interventions should be streamlined to adequately assess and manage marijuana use.Targeting the most dominant risk factors in this population could translate into the reduction of suicidal behaviours in countries within Africa.

The Research on Maintaining and Increasing the Value of Social Security funds Based on the theory of Sustainable Development

The Social security system is a necessary part of market economic system, the social security fund is the basis of running a country social security system. However, the fund of social security of our country has many problems, such as investment channel phase contrast is still relatively narrow, the portfolio is not reasonable enough, external capital market is not perfect and so on.so the social security fund in our country is difficult to achieve effective and value. This article will start from the concept of sustainable development, and hope to find out the existing problems in the process of maintaining and increasing the value of social security funds through combing the basic elements of social security funds.

Insights into the Social Determinants of Health in Older Adults

In this paper, we review the social determinants of health in older adults and their complex interrelationship with medical diseases. Also, we provide recommendations to address these determinants in the integrated healthcare plan. The social determinants in older adults and its influence in health outcomes have been studied for decades. There is solid evidence for the interrelationship between social factors and the health of individuals and populations;however, these studies are unable to define their complex interrelatedness. Health is quite variable and depends on multiple biological and social factors such as genetics, country of origin, migrant status, etc. On the other hand, health status can affect social factors such as job or education. Addressing social determinants of health in the integrated healthcare plan is important for improving health outcomes and decreasing existing disparities in older adult health. We recommend a person-centered approach in which individualized interventions should be adopted by organizations to improve the health status of older adults at the national and global level. Some of our practical recommendations to better address the social determinants of health in clinical practice are EHR documentation strategies, screening tools, and the development of linkages to the world outside of the clinic and health system, including social services, community activities, collaborative work, and roles for insurance companies.

Biopsychosocial impact of discrimination on cancer risk and outcome: A conceptual review

Discrimination,a major social factor influencing health,can influence both the risk and course of cancer.The medical and psychological mechanisms through which discrimination can impact the onset and spread of cancer are explored in depth in this conceptual evaluation.In addition to investigating the ethical aspects of discrimination in cancer research,it also studies the effects of bias on cancer detection and therapy.In addition,this review provides suggestions for reducing the effect of discrimination on cancer risk and outcomes.Discrimination,in particular,can trigger the growth and spread of cancer via various pathways,including stress,inflammation,and changes in epigenetic patterns.It can also affect the immune system,making the body more vulnerable to the proliferation of cancerous cells.Discrimination can result in hindrances or delays in the process of cancer screening and treatment,and it can influence the quality of care for individuals suffering from cancer.This can contribute to the presence of disparities in terms of cancer vulnerability,occurrence,mortality,and survival rates among different demographic groups.Various measures can be implemented to mitigate the impact of discrimination on cancer vulnerability and outcomes.These measures address the underlying causes of discrimination,ensure that all individuals have access to exceptional cancer care,promote the acquisition of cultural proficiency and anti-bias training by healthcare providers,and develop and implement interventions to reduce discrimination’s impact on cancer vulnerability,screening,and treatment.

Human capital, Social Capital and the Informal Employment of Floating Population

The informal employment is an important part of the floating population employment in our country. Based on the survey data of seven cities in the year of 2013 of our country, by establishing Probit regression model this paper analysis the relationship among human capital, social capital and floating population informal employment empirically. The main conclusions are the following two points： in the factors of human capital the floating people who have professional certificate, possessed good health and a higher education level will have a lower probability of engaging in informal employment; in the factors of human capital, the higher the probability of associate with the local people, the higher the probability that the floating population is engaged in informal employment. But the floating population have a lower probability of engaging in informal employment if he（she） got help from organization, be discriminated against by the local people and have a sense of U＇ust in the government of the place where he（she） was engaged. At the end of this paper, the corresponding policy recommendations arc put forward.

Occupational,environmental and psychosocial factors impacting reproductive health of women working in manufacturing sector in India:a systematic review

Background:Women working in manufacturing are exposed to harmful chemicals and gases;environmental and psychosocial factors such as stress,anxiety,and burnout severely affect their reproductive health.Like physiological factors,psychosocial factors equality disrupts women’s reproductive health who are working in such aversive circumstances.Method:The current study is a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist.The primary sources of articles were central databases such as SCOPUS,Web of Science,PubMed,and others.Cambridge Quality Checklist was used to measure the quality of the review articles.Result:A total of 14 articles were found eligible for the review;5 studies were on occupational health in general,3 studies addressed menstrual distress,3 studies on pregnancy,and 3 on menopausal issues.Pandemic experiences increase the health risk with the rise in food and financial insecurity among manufacturing workers.Conclusion:Psychosocial factors such as stress,anxiety,loneliness,discrimination,and depression are associated with a risk to reproductive health.The uncertainty caused by the pandemic was a major stressor for the manufacturing workers in India.The findings would represent significant challenges and factors affecting women’s reproductive health.Proper interventions and measures could be taken to regulate health risks.

Disparities in the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood:Race and ethnicity

BACKGROUND Most studies have defined economic well-being as socioeconomic status,with little attention given to whether other indicators influence self-esteem.Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in the relationship between economic wellbeing and self-esteem during adulthood.AIM To explore the impact of economic well-being on self-esteem in adulthood and differences in the association across race/ethnicity.METHODS The current study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.The final sample consisted of 2267 African Americans,1425 Hispanics,and 3678 non-Hispanic Whites.Ordinary linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted.RESULTS African Americans and Hispanics were more likely to be in poverty in comparison with non-Hispanic Whites.More African Americans were unemployed than Whites.Those who received fringe benefits,were more satisfied with jobs,and were employed were more likely to have higher levels of self-esteem.Poverty was negatively associated with self-esteem.Interaction effects were found between African Americans and job satisfaction predicting self-esteem.CONCLUSION The role of employers is important in cultivating employees’self-esteem.Satisfactory outcomes or feelings of happiness from the workplace may be more important to non-Hispanic Whites compared to African Americans and Hispanics.

Spatio-temporal variation and relationship between agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity in a semi-arid region of India

A surging population in Karnataka State,a semi-arid region in India,poses a threat to both food security and livelihood sustainability,necessitating a concentrated effort to bolster agricultural efficiency and achieve United Naton’s Sustainable Development Goal 2(zero hunger).Therefore,in order to address the pressing issue of food scarcity in Karnataka,this study meticulously examined the spatio-temporal variation of agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity in Karnataka,uncovering its significant dependence of agricultural efficiency on irrigation intensity.Specifically,this study used a one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)to ascertain significant differences in the means of agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity during 2004-2005 and 2018-2019.This study showed that the maximum improvement in agricultural efficiency index was recorded in Belgaum(40.24),Gulbarga(24.77),and Yadgir districts(22.92)between 2004-2005 and 2018-2019,which indicated the progressing trend and better scope for agriculture extension.On the contrary,some districts expressed threat(a decline of above 20.00 of agricultural efficiency index)and needed special care for the improvement of agricultural efficiency in four northern districts(Bagalkot,Bidar,Raichur,and Bijapur),three southern districts(Chitradurga,Chikballapur and Hassan),and two southern districts(Koppal and Gadag)in Karnataka.During 2004-2005,irrigation intensity varied from 3.19%to 56.39%,with the lowest irrigation intensity in Kodagu District and the highest irrigation intensity in Shimoga District.During 2018-2019,irrigation intensity changed from 0.77%to 72.77%,with the lowest irrigation intensity in Kodagu District and the highest in Dakshin Kannad District.Moreover,the research scrutinized the complex relationship between agricultural efficiency and irrigation intensity,with the correlation coefficient increased from 0.162 during 2004-2005 to 0.255 during 2018-2019.It implies that in both periods,a low positive correlation existed between these two variables.Over time,several factors(high-yield seeds and chemical fertilizers)other than irrigation intensity gradually became essential for agricultural efficiency.This research offers a wealth of valuable insights for regional planners and policy-makers contending with comparable challenges in various regions of India and other developing countries.

Movement in the Fight against Diseases of the Future

“Motion”(philosophy)(Latin:motus,motio)—in modern philosophy,is a change in the place of space in relation to a fixed point or consideration as such.In the classical metaphysics of Aristotle’s time,motion is an actualization of what is possible,motion is a change:quantitative or local action is complete.Based on the literature of various sources,it seems that exercise is indicated for people with these diseases.Physical activity,according to Dr.Kavitz,focused on the functioning of dopanin signaling.D2 receptor deficiency is enough to explain inactivity in obese people—people with obesity are less socially active.It may contribute to this condition more and more often in the third or even fourth decade of life.About 50%of fifty-year-olds and 60%-70%of seventy-year-olds struggle with degeneration.Joint problems are the most common cause of disability among people under the age of 65.Diabetes is a serious disease,if left untreated and poorly regulated,it can lead to very serious complications and even death.Encouraging physical activity and education in this direction is very necessary.

Redefining gaming addictive behavior:influence of media,psychological dimensions and clinical implications

This review critically examines gaming addiction within the contexts of media psychology and addiction theory.It outlines a continuum of gaming behavior,from casual play to addiction,characterized by loss of control,prioritizing gaming over other activities,and negative life consequences.The inclusion of gaming disorder in International Classification of Disease 11 and its provisional status in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder 5 highlight growing clinical and societal recognition.The review explores neural correlates of gaming addiction,such as activation in reward-related brain regions,drawing parallels with substance addiction.It highlights how media and marketing promote gaming behaviors potentially leading to addiction,raising ethical concerns about game design and advertising.The review systematically analyzes the negative physical,mental,social,and occupational impacts of gaming addiction.It advocates for a balanced approach emphasizing awareness,therapeutic interventions,and responsible media practices,while also proposing areas for future research and policy development to mitigate the risks of excessive gaming.

The Impact of the“Belt and Road”Initiative on Industrial Structure Upgrading Along the Corridor

The“Belt and Road”initiative functions as a novel impetus for China’s external economic development within the framework of the new normal of economic growth.By leveraging panel data from 30 provinces and regions across China for the period of 2010 to 2020,this research assesses the influence of the“Belt and Road”initiative on the enhancement of the industrial structure along its trajectory.The findings indicate that:the most notable influence on the rationalization and progress of the industrial structure is observed in the eastern region,with the central region following suit,whereas the western region has yet to exhibit a significant transformation.The analysis delves into the role of technological innovation,concluding that the initiative primarily catalyzes optimization and upgrading through the effect of technological advancement.The study advances several pertinent policy recommendations to support and enhance these developments.

Parental myopia, near work, hours of sleep and myopia in Chinese children

Background/Aims: Juvenile myopia is a serious problem in China, the prevalence of which stays at a high level and shows an upward trend. The target of this study was to explore the factors associated with myopia in Chinese children. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis in a random sample survey was conducted in Beijing in 2008. The data collected from 15,316 Chinese school students aged 6 to 18 years, randomly selected from 19 schools were evaluated, including noncycloplegic refraction and possible genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, to explore the key risk factors for myopia. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the OR values, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the differences among the areas under the ROC curves using the method of multiple comparison with the best. Results: Myopia was associated with shorter sleep times versus longer sleep times (adjusted OR = 3.37;95%CI 3.07-3.70), and the multivariate OR for two compared with no parents with myopic was 2.83 (95%CI 2.47-3.24) and 1.95 (95%CI 1.69-2.24) for reading or writing distances less than33 cmcompared to distances greater than33 cm. Controlling for other factors, children that slept for shorter periods of time had significantly more myopic refractions (?1.69D vs ?1.29D for children with longer sleeping time per day). Analysis of the areas under the ROC curves showed five variables with predictable values better than chance: age, sleeping time, reading or writing distance, hours of studying, and parental myopia. Conclusion: It was not surprising, as proved by other studies, that parental myopia, reading or writing distances, time spent on studying or other activities by using eyes were dominant risk factors associated with juvenile myopia. Our findings indicated that hours of sleeping were also closely related to juvenile myopia, in which the underlying mechanism should be explored in the future study.