The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsi...The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.展开更多
Labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The ...Labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pays high attention to the construction of harmonious labor relation and the amendment has been a top priority. Labor Contract Law leads to two"deadlocks"of which the entrepreneurs are afraid. The first one is that the non-fixed term labor contract cannot be cancelled and the second one is that they must pay the economic compensation at the expiration of contract. These two rules hinder the employment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. The current laws have excessive expectation for the non-fixed term labor contract and too strict regulations; as for the economic compensation at the expiration of contract, it increases the enterprise cost. The amendment of these two articles will benefit the recovery of Chinese economy and make the labor relation more harmonious.展开更多
The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need...The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need to focus on the coordination of relationship between central and local labor standards legislation,on special problems of sectors or industries,on coordination of special industries and general industries. in addition to many other historical factors. The introduction of labor standards legislation must be based on a good familiarity of current situation and international labor standards,the frequent points of labor disputes in China,and the specific characteristics of different regions and industries,which is also the mission and responsibility of the legislators.展开更多
Below-replacement fertility has spread from developed industrialized countries to some developing countries, including China. Based on the theory of the transformation of intimacy, this study utilizes the data from th...Below-replacement fertility has spread from developed industrialized countries to some developing countries, including China. Based on the theory of the transformation of intimacy, this study utilizes the data from the Xi'an Special Survey on Child Rearing Costs and Fertility Intentions to explore the impact of spousal relationships on the fertility intentions of young urban couples and gender differences in this regard in terms of power relations, distribution of responsibility, and emotional connection. The study reveals that 1) an inverse J-shaped relationship(initially showing a decline followed by a rise) exists between family power equalization and fertility intentions, especially for women;2) the greater the husband's share of housework, the less he will desire fertility, but a wife's level of satisfaction with her husband's housework sharing increases her fertility motivation;and 3) frequent spousal interactions and emotional intimacy contribute to increased fertility intentions, especially on the part of women. From the perspective of the transformation of intimacy, the above results suggest that the impact of spousal relationships on young couples' fertility intentions is increasingly strong and that continued promotion of gender equality in the family sphere is of great significance to reversing low total fertility rates.展开更多
Understanding the spatial variability of house- hold carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world'...Understanding the spatial variability of house- hold carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world's largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy- making and implementation.展开更多
This paper studies the suburbanization process of Shanghai from 2000 to 2010 and the population aggregation of its five suburban new towns including Jiading,Songjiang,Qingpu,Nanqiao,and Lingang.It finds that Shanghai&...This paper studies the suburbanization process of Shanghai from 2000 to 2010 and the population aggregation of its five suburban new towns including Jiading,Songjiang,Qingpu,Nanqiao,and Lingang.It finds that Shanghai's population distribution pattern is featured by both continuity and variety.In detail,although Shanghai is still dominated by a single-centered expansion pattern,a multi-centered spatial pattern is gradually formed with a narrowing gap in population density between the central city and the suburbs.As the suburbanization of the migrant population is faster than that of the registered population and migrants re-gather in the central city as a result of its service industry development,there is a relatively smaller migrant population in the area between the Inner Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road.Consequently,the population in the new towns that the city planning strategy has focused on is not increasing at the expected speed,thus more attention should be paid to a reasonable central citycentered,multi-leveled,towns-grouped,and compact urban spatial structure.展开更多
The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014....The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014.SWB is measured by life satisfaction,positive affect and negative affect.We found that positive affect,negative affect,life satisfaction and the change of life satisfaction significantly have predicted mortality risks of the older people with control of social demographic characteristics,physical health,social support,cognitive ability,and social participation.The higher the positive affect,the lower the negative affect,the improvement the life satisfaction,the lower the mortality risk.Marital status plays a decisive role in the influence of life satisfaction on the mortality risk.The married persons have lower mortality risk even if they rate their life bad.In further analyses,we found that the effects of SWB on mortality risk were underestimated in short-term study compared with those in long-term study.SWB is essentially a time-dependent variable and changes with age,so treating SWB as time-independent variable underestimated its impact on mortality risk.展开更多
基金a stage achievement of “A study on how labor standards respond to collective clash between capital and labor under the new normal”a National Social Science Fund Project(15BGL184)
文摘The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.
基金Projects of the National Social Science Foundation of China“research on the response of the labor standard under new normal for the group hostility between capital and labor”(15BGL184)
文摘Labor Contract Law receives mixed evaluations since its implementation.The call for the amendment is hot and even some scholars regard it as the"tiger in the road"which hinders the economic development. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pays high attention to the construction of harmonious labor relation and the amendment has been a top priority. Labor Contract Law leads to two"deadlocks"of which the entrepreneurs are afraid. The first one is that the non-fixed term labor contract cannot be cancelled and the second one is that they must pay the economic compensation at the expiration of contract. These two rules hinder the employment enthusiasm of entrepreneurs. The current laws have excessive expectation for the non-fixed term labor contract and too strict regulations; as for the economic compensation at the expiration of contract, it increases the enterprise cost. The amendment of these two articles will benefit the recovery of Chinese economy and make the labor relation more harmonious.
基金a staged achievement of the project of The National Social Science Fund of China,“A study on how labor standards respond to collective clash between capital and labor under the new normal”(15BGL184)。
文摘The reasons why labor standards law has not been enacted so far include the unreadiness of entrepreneurs and enterprises as well as legislators and the market. It is a great challenge for legislators because they need to focus on the coordination of relationship between central and local labor standards legislation,on special problems of sectors or industries,on coordination of special industries and general industries. in addition to many other historical factors. The introduction of labor standards legislation must be based on a good familiarity of current situation and international labor standards,the frequent points of labor disputes in China,and the specific characteristics of different regions and industries,which is also the mission and responsibility of the legislators.
基金a phased result of "The Influence Mechanism and Promotion Strategy of Childhood Left-behind Experience on the Social Adaptation of New-Generation Rural Migrant Workers" supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (19BRK037)。
文摘Below-replacement fertility has spread from developed industrialized countries to some developing countries, including China. Based on the theory of the transformation of intimacy, this study utilizes the data from the Xi'an Special Survey on Child Rearing Costs and Fertility Intentions to explore the impact of spousal relationships on the fertility intentions of young urban couples and gender differences in this regard in terms of power relations, distribution of responsibility, and emotional connection. The study reveals that 1) an inverse J-shaped relationship(initially showing a decline followed by a rise) exists between family power equalization and fertility intentions, especially for women;2) the greater the husband's share of housework, the less he will desire fertility, but a wife's level of satisfaction with her husband's housework sharing increases her fertility motivation;and 3) frequent spousal interactions and emotional intimacy contribute to increased fertility intentions, especially on the part of women. From the perspective of the transformation of intimacy, the above results suggest that the impact of spousal relationships on young couples' fertility intentions is increasingly strong and that continued promotion of gender equality in the family sphere is of great significance to reversing low total fertility rates.
文摘Understanding the spatial variability of house- hold carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world's largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy- making and implementation.
基金supported by the Project of National Social Science Foundation of China entitled "Population Evolution Pattern,Mechanism,and Gover nance of Metropolitan Areas"(11CRK005)the Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Foundation of the Ministry of Education in China entitled "Metropolitan Spatial Structure Evolution and Governance"(11YJA630176)
文摘This paper studies the suburbanization process of Shanghai from 2000 to 2010 and the population aggregation of its five suburban new towns including Jiading,Songjiang,Qingpu,Nanqiao,and Lingang.It finds that Shanghai's population distribution pattern is featured by both continuity and variety.In detail,although Shanghai is still dominated by a single-centered expansion pattern,a multi-centered spatial pattern is gradually formed with a narrowing gap in population density between the central city and the suburbs.As the suburbanization of the migrant population is faster than that of the registered population and migrants re-gather in the central city as a result of its service industry development,there is a relatively smaller migrant population in the area between the Inner Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road.Consequently,the population in the new towns that the city planning strategy has focused on is not increasing at the expected speed,thus more attention should be paid to a reasonable central citycentered,multi-leveled,towns-grouped,and compact urban spatial structure.
文摘The present study investigates the effects of subjective well-being(SWB)on mortality risk using a large sample from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study conducted in 1998,2000,2002,2005,2008,2011 and 2014.SWB is measured by life satisfaction,positive affect and negative affect.We found that positive affect,negative affect,life satisfaction and the change of life satisfaction significantly have predicted mortality risks of the older people with control of social demographic characteristics,physical health,social support,cognitive ability,and social participation.The higher the positive affect,the lower the negative affect,the improvement the life satisfaction,the lower the mortality risk.Marital status plays a decisive role in the influence of life satisfaction on the mortality risk.The married persons have lower mortality risk even if they rate their life bad.In further analyses,we found that the effects of SWB on mortality risk were underestimated in short-term study compared with those in long-term study.SWB is essentially a time-dependent variable and changes with age,so treating SWB as time-independent variable underestimated its impact on mortality risk.