Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Selection with Fungus Filtrate(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn)on the in Vitro Culture of Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of gamma irradiation (dose from 10 to 100 Gy) and in vitro selection with fungus filtrate as selecting agent (concentration from 20% to 100%) on the susceptibility of the common bean to Rhizoctonia solani. The best results were found with a dose of 20 Gy or a concentration of 20% of fungus filtrate applied separately. These conditions were used to evaluate the combined effect of both approaches in a second experiment. The combined effect of irradiation and then selection adversely affected growth (height and roots) and survival of the in vitro plants. It may not be necessary to combine the variation generated by irradiation with the selection technique. For future assays we propose the application of: 1) gamma radiation, thereby inducing not only mutants with pathogen resistance, but also with other agronomic traits of interest. Later in the subculture MV4 potential fungus-resistant mutants will be evaluated in the field;or 2) selection pressure using fungus filtrate during three subcultures, which may be sufficient to induce the variation necessary to obtain in vitro plants resistant to fungus.

PARTIAL SCHAUDER ESTIMATES FOR A SUB-ELLIPTIC EQUATION

In this paper, we establish the partial Schauder estimates for the Kohn Laplace equation in the Heisenberg group based on the mean value theorem, the Taylor formula and a priori estimates for the derivatives of the Newton potential.

Impact of host country's business environment on China's OFDI in Belt and Road countries:Based on the perspective of investment motives

This study used a two-step system generalized method of moments to examine the impact of the business environment in the Belt and Road countries on outward foreign direct investment(OFDI)of China while presenting a deeper investigation into the spatial characteristics of OFDI through a spatial error model.The results revealed that the impact mentioned above varies with different investment motivations.If Chinese businesses are motivated by local consumer markets or seeking a human workforce to make an outward direct investment,they will choose countries with poor business environments.They will select countries with stable business environments for their natural resources or strategic assets.Significant spatial agglomeration exists in China's OFDI in the countries and regions along the routes,while substantial evidence is absent on the business environment investment effect with different motivations.Finally,relevant recommen-dations concluded according to the study.

A Posterior Error Analysis for the Nonconforming Discretization of Stokes Eigenvalue Problem

In this paper, we present a posteriori error estimator for the nonconforming finite element approximation, including using Crouzeix–Raviart element and extended Crouzeix–Raviart element, of the Stokes eigenvalue problem. With the technique of Helmholtz decomposition, we first give out a posteriori error estimator and prove it as the global upper bound and local lower bound of the approximation error. Then, by deleting a jump term in the indicator, another simpler but equivalent indicator is obtained. Some numerical experiments are provided to verify our analysis.

Nodal Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Time-Domain Lorentz Model Equations in Meta-Materials

In this paper,Nodal discontinuous Galerkin method is presented to approxi-mate Time-domain Lorentz model equations in meta-materials.The upwind flux is cho-sen in spatial discrete scheme.Low-storage five-stage fourth-order explicit Runge-Kutta method is employed in time discrete scheme.An error estimate of accuracy O(τ^(4)+h^(n))is proved under the L^(2)-norm,specially O(τ^(4)+h^(n+1))can be obtained.Numerical exper-iments for transverse electric(TE)case and transverse magnetic(TM)case are demon-strated to verify the stability and the efficiency of the method in low and higher wave frequency.