Analysis of plant resources and diversity in Balluk Mountain, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Balluk Mountain is located between the Tianshan Mountains and the Altai Mountains in Xinjiang Province.Influenced by the humid air and diverse landforms of Lake Alacuri,the unique climate of Mount Baluk nourishes excellent pastures and supports numerous wildlife,making it rich in plant resources.The 9th Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigations,literature reviews,and specimen identification to study the plant resources and diversity of Balluk Mountain in Xinjiang Province.A total of 235 species of medicinal plants belonging to 59 families and 159 genera were collected during the period from July to August 2015 in this area.The dominant families observed were Asteraceae,Caryophyllaceae,Lamiaceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae and Umbelliferae,with 35,11,14,12,27,and 13 species respectively.These families account for over 47.4%of the total species collected,though comprising only 10.2%of the total number of families.At the genus level,Artemisia was found to be the most dominant genus with eight species,contributing to 0.63%of the total genera,while representing 3.4%of the total species abundance.Overall,this study provides an updated analysis of the plant resources and diversity in Balluk Mountain.Several species have been identified to possess significant medicinal properties and hold potential for various research fields,including natural product chemistry and drug development.The study also offers practical and meaningful suggestions for strengthening the protection and utilization of plant resources in the area.By implementing these suggestions,we can better preserve the plant diversity in Balluk Mountain and ensure the sustainable use of these valuable resources.

Investigation and analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province

Wuyi Mountain,located in the north of Fujian Province,China,is renowned for its abundant medicinal plant resources.In July 2014,the 8th(second team)of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University’s Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team conducted field investigation in the area.Through specimen collection and extensive literature review,the team identified and analyzed 223 vascular plant species from 175 genera and 85 families.The most dominant families were Compositae and Rosaceae,and perennial herbs were the predominant species,accounting for 44.39%of the total species identified.Notably,we documented five precious and rare medicinal plants unique to Wuyi Mountain.This study updates the database of plant resources and diversity in the region,providing a valuable reference for future studies.Finally,we put forward some suggestions to enhance the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wuyi Mountain’s plant resources.

Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L.,a traditional Uighur medicine,against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of a Cichorium intybus L.extract(CIE)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS:Seventy-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups of twelve rats each.The normal control group was allowed free access to food and water.Liver injury was performed in the remaining five groups with an i.p.injection of a 1.0mL/kg CCl4 and olive oil(2:3 v/v)mixture,twice weekly for 8 weeks.All rats,with the exception of the injury model group,were intragastrically(i.g.,)administered quantum satis(q.s.)dosages[CIE group:6,18,and 54 mg/kg,respectively;Fu Fang Bie Jia Ruan Gan Pian(FFBJRGP)group:780 mg/kg].The oral administration of different drugs was performed on the day before CCl4 administration and subsequently once per day for8 wk.The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),hexadecenoic acid(HA),laminin(LN),hydroxyproline(Hyp),and glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the rat livers were measured.Histopathological changes in the liver were assessed for each group using HE staining and a Masson Trichrome examination.The expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)was examined by immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS:CIE at oral doses of 6,18,and 54 g/kg per day showed a significant hepatoprotective effect,especially at a dose of 54 g/kg per day.CIE doses reduced the levels of AST(149.04±34.44,P<0.01),ALT(100.72±27.19,P<0.01),HA(548.50±65.09,P<0.01),LN(28.69±3.32,P<0.01)and Hyp(263.33±75.82,P<0.01).With regards to hepatoprotective activity,the CIE dose of 54 g/kg per day produced the largest significant effect by increasing GSH(3.11±0.81),SOD(269.98±33.77,P<0.01)and reducing MDA(2.76±0.51,P<0.01)levels in the liver.The expressions of TGF-β1 andα-SMA were measured by immunohistology and found to be significantly reduced by CIE in a dose-dependent manner.

A network pharmacology approach to determine the active ingredients and potential targets of Chinese herb Juglans mandshurica Maxim. for treatment of lung cancer

Using molecular docking and computer network pharmacology, the active ingredients from the anticancer herb medicine, Juglans mandshurica Maxim, and the potential targets related to lung cancer were screened out rapidly. Compounds-targets network of J. mandshurica in lung cancer treatment was constructed based on the network analysis. Additionally, the intermolecular forces between the top ten active compounds and the key target protein were explored. At the systemic level, the active components, potential targets, and interactive relations of J. mandshurica in the treatment of lung cancer were studied.

Molecular mechanism study of Radix Pueraria for the treatment of glioma based on network pharmacology

Radix Pueraria(RP)has a long history of dual-use in medicine and food,and is well known as“Asian ginseng”.Recently,some studies about the effect of RP against glioma have been reported.However,little is elucidated about the molecular mechanism of interaction.This study used network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to clarify the molecular mechanism of RP in the treatment of glioma.Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)was applied to screen potential active ingredients of RP and their targets.Targets for glioma were obtained from Genecards,OMIM,and Therapeutic Target Database(TTD).The topological analysis of cross-target and core target interaction was conducted using protein-protein interaction analysis(PPI).With the application of bioinformatics,GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were further carried out.Molecular docking was used then to validate the binding affinity between active components and key targets.This study successfully identified 6 potential active ingredients,namely beta-sitosterol,daidzein,formononetin,genistein,ononin,and puerarin.The hub targets were AKT1,TP53,VEGRA,EGFR,and MAPK3.These targets were mainly involved in biological processes,such as RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding,and positive regulation of cell migration in the membrane raft,and were regulated by PI3K-Akt pathway.Further study showed that almost all the compounds had good binding abilities with above-mentioned targets.In short,this study systematically revealed the anti-glioma mechanism of RP to provide reference for the treatment of glioma.

A review of research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Elephantopus tomentosus L.

Elephantopus tomentosus,belonging to the genus Elephantopus,is widely distributed in the coastal areas of southern China and tropical regions,used locally as traditional folk medicine.Previous phytochemistry studies on Elephantopus tomentosus led to the isolation of sesquiterpenoids,triterpenoids,flavonoids and other compounds.Research has shown that these compounds possess multiple biological activities,which have attracted great attention of researchers worldwide.This study reviews the chemical constituents and biological activities of the Elephantopus tomentosus in order to better explore and utilize Elephantopus tomentosus.

Predicting ADME/Tox properties of hydroxytyrosol in the leaves of Olea europaea L.

In order to study the possibility of hydroxytyrosol(HT)as a drug,we used SwissADME system to predict ADME of HT and pkCSM system to predict Tox of HT.The results show that hydroxytyrosol meets the Lipinski’s five principles of drug-like properties.With strong efficacy and pharmacological activity,HT has high drug-likeness degree.With good bioavailability,it can be easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract,though not absorbed by skin.Hydroxytyrosol has not only a strong potency and pharmacological activity,but also no liver toxicity and skin allergy.Tox data predicts that it has mutagenic potential,which may be the result of overreduction.

Study on the pharmacological activities and chemical structures of Viburnum dilatatum

Viburnum dilatatum(jiami in Chinese),belonging to the Caprifollaceae family,is widely distributed in Japan and China.Phytochemical investigations of Viburnum dilatatum(V.dilatatum)have resulted in the isolation of triterpenoids,phenolic glycosides essential oil,norisoprenoids,etc.Research results have shown that the chemical constituents of V.dilatatum possess various pharmacological activities,including antihyperglycemic,antioxidant activity and antiulcer effects.This study reviewed the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of V.dilatatum to provide practical and useful information for further research and development of this plant.

Analysis of vascular plant resources and diversity in Machin County,Qinghai Province

Machin County is situated in the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in the southeastern part of Qinghai Province.Influenced by the special topography and climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Machin County has complex and diverse plant species.The vascular plant resources and diversity in Machin County were studied through field survey,literature review and specimen identification.The results show that there are 47 families and 127 genera and 256 species of vascular plants in the region,basically angiosperms,including those containing more species of the family Asteraceae,Buttercup,Genus Ginseng,Leguminosae and Rosaceae,and those containing more species of the genus Artemisia,Artemisia,Aster and Donzonia.In terms of life type,perennial herbs are the most dominant ones,accounting for 77.34%of the total number of species,followed by some annual(or biennial)herbs and shrub types.There are 191 species of medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 74.61%of the total number of species,including 48 species of Tibetan medicine.In terms of the medicinal parts of these plants,whole herb category is the most common one,followed by the root and rhizome category.Based on the investigation and research,we have proposed the conservation and utilization of plant resources in Machin County,Qinghai Province.

Analysis of wild vascular plant resources and diversity in Taibai Mountains of Qinling area,Shaanxi Province

Taibai Mountains,located at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains,are composed of the Yuan Taibai Mountain(also known as East Taibai Mountain),Aoshan Mountain(also known as West Taibai Mountain)and their connection part.With its complex geographical and climatic conditions,Taibai Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.Based on field investigation,literature review and specimen identification,wild vascular plants resources and their diversity in Taibai Mountains were studied by the sixth Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University.222 species of vascular plants belonging to 163 genera and 63 families were collected during July 2012 in this area,and most of the plants are angiosperms.The families with more species are Liliaceae,Ranunculaceae,Asteraceae,Rosaceae,and Saxifragaceae,and the dominant genus are Aconitum,Sedum,Eleutherococcus,Pedicularis,Polygonatum,and Patrinia.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are the main species,accounting for 72.97%of the total species,with others being some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Among all the collected vascular plants,170 species of them are medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 76.58%of the total.Most of the medicinal parts are roots and rhizomes,followed by the whole plants.Finally,on the basis of investigation and study,some suggestions are put forward to strengthen the protection and utilization of plant resources in Taibai Mountains.

The main chemical constituents from Piper amalago: A review of its phytochemistry

Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its diverse constituents,especially terpenoids.Researchers have found that the major constituents of P.amalago were amides,monoterpenes,norisoprenoids,sesquiterpenes,aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.The amides show anxiolytic,anti-inflammatory,antileishmanial and antinociceptive activity.This review summarizes the research progress of the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of P.amalago.

A new triterpenoid saponin from the leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium L.

一新 triterpenoid saponin， quinquenoside L 17(1 ) ，从叶子被孤立，人参属 quinquefolium L. 的茎，和它的结构作为 20-O- 被阐明[(β；由一个维的 NMR 和二维的 NMR，集体 spectrometry， CD 光谱和化学药品的联合分析的 -d-xylopyranosyl-(1-6)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)]-6-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3,6,12,20-tetraol, 证实。

Three new compounds from the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms

Three new compounds named (2E)prenyl benzoate-4-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6) β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 7-methoxy-8-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl coumarin (2), and 3,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxy benzenepentanoic acid (3) were isolated from the leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms. The structures of new compounds were determined by means of 2D NMR experiments and chemical methods.

A new triterpene saponin from the leaves of Ilex kudincha

新混合物， kudinoside LZ 2(1 ) ，从冬青属植物 kudincha 的叶子被孤立。它的结构被一个维、二维的 NMR 分析的联合阐明， HR–； ESI–； MS， CD 光谱测量和化学药品证实。

A new lignan derivative from the root of Ilex pubescens

一新混合物， ilexlignan A (1 ) ，从冬青属植物 pubescens 的根被孤立。它的结构被一个维、二维的 NMR 分析，质谱学，圆二色性谱测量和化学证据的联合阐明。

Two new benzofuran lignan glycosides from Gelsemium elegans

二新 benzofuran lignan glycosides， gelsemiunoside A 和 B，从 Gelsemium elegans Benth 的整个植物被孤立。他们的结构根据分光镜的证据被阐明。而且， gelsemiunoside A 和 B 被看一个有势力由压制 A375-S2 房间的增长的细胞毒素的活动。

Two new acetylated ginsenosides from the roots of Panax quinquefolium

二新 acetylated 人参皂甙， 20 (S)-protopanaxatriol-6-O- 伪 -l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 鈫 ? 2 )- 尾 -d-6 鈥 ?O-acetylglucopyranoside (1 ) 和 20 (R)-protopanaxatriol-6-O- 伪 -l-rhamnopyranosyl (1 鈫 ? 2 )- 尾 -d-6 鈥 ?O-acetylglucopyranoside (2 ) ，从人参属 quinquefolium 的根被孤立。结构根据分光镜的技术和化学工具被阐明。

A new cytotoxic caged polyprenylated xanthone from the resin of Garcinia hanburyi

新将关入笼中的 polyprenylated 氧杂蒽酮， gambogic 醛(1 ) ，从 Garcinia hanburyi 的树脂被孤立。它的结构被阐明根据光谱数据包括 1D 和 2D NMR 数据。另外，化合物 1 的 antiproliferative 能力在老鼠白血病 P388 和 P388/ADR 房间被决定。

A new isoquinoline derivative from the leaves of Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch

Magnoline(1),a new isoquinoline derivative,was isolated from the leaves of Magnolia sieboldii K.Koch(Magnoliaceae).Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1D,2D NMR and HR-TOF-MS.

A new compound with cytotoxic activities from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

新混合物， 3,6,20 (S)-trihydroxy-12,23-epoxydammar-24-ene,6,20-di-O- 尾 -d-glucopyranoside (1 ) ，从人参属人参 C ·迈耶，其结构的说明被执行借助于的叶子被孤立光谱分析(包括的红外， HR-FAB-MS 和 NMR ) 。这混合物由使用 MTT 方法对 U937 和 HeLa 房间显示出中等细胞毒素的活动。