Why The Constitution Should Protect Personal Credit Information?——An Approach of Right Argumentation

Protecting personal credit information through constitutional rights is not only essemtial for individuals to defend against infringements on their personal credit information rights and interests by public power in the social credit system,but also a requirement for unified legislation on social credit to explore the basis for constitutional norms.In the era of the credit economy,personal credit information has become a vital resource for realizing personal autonomy.Along with the increase in the state’s supervision and control of personal credit,the realization of the autonomous value in the interests related to personal credit information has also set more obligations for the state.Therefore,interests related to personal credit information should be regarded as a constitutional right.Because of its significant economic interest and value,the right to personal credit information should be classified as a constitutional property right.As a constitutional property right,the right to personal credit information can not only help protect people’s economic interests,but also achieve the goal of safeguarding their personality interests.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization(WTO),the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM) reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China's trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China's trade policy in 2006,2008,2010,2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards,alignment of domestic standards with international standards,the role of different domestic institutions,transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures(SPS) and on Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT Agreement),import and export,and geographical indications(GIs). It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute,within its mandate,to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. It notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM,follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

CRITICAL THINKING ABOUT THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN CHINA＇S FOOD SAFETY LAW

我们正在住在人们设计了的一个风险社会预防原则由风险前引起了以便最小化伤害下赌注。比作以前的食物卫生法律(FHL ) 和 2009 食物安全法律， 2015 修订中国食物安全法律(FSL ) 在它给合法地位的意义做了真实突破食物安全地的一个重要原则统治。除了在食物安全规定在这个原则的基本重要性下面放， FSL 2015 也从不同方面发明了安排以便实现这个原则。换句话说， FSL 2015 年代加入预防在很真实的意义的原则从论证预防食物安全管理政体标记转变到更多有效预防政体。然而，预防要收养在的原则需要一预防后来，这个原则有它的自己的限制和缺点的方法。原则的不小心的申请可以创造新风险。这篇文章在实现比较欧洲途径预防原则，并且检验对否定影响的法律安排带了由的瓷器预防原则。三个观点被讨论：科学研究所的独立；在风险管理措施的比例，和为市场授权的举证责任的移动。

From De Facto Fact-finder to Expert Witness? Transition of Forensic Examination in China

Forensic examination plays an important role in China's judicial system,especially in the fact-finding process of both civil and criminal proceedings.Since 2005,this system has experienced gradual,yet significant changes.This paper seeks to examine the major themes of these changes in the context of the continued conceptual reformulation and structural realignment of civil and criminal procedures and the ongoing effort to codify evidence law with transforming impact on China's judicial system and culture.Emphasis is given to the transition of the forensic examination system from an officially(both administrative and judicial)administered fact-finding mechanism with powerful impact on the courts'truth-seeking activities to,at least partially,an expert witness system with significant participation and control by the parties5 to judicial proceedings.A convergence of influence from both the continental inquisitorial tradition and the common law adversarial structure appears to have strongly informed the process and direction of the Chinese forensic examination reform.This paper attempts to explain the reasons for this convergence of influence,identify the trend and direction of this development,and provide observations and suggestions for further improvement of the forensic examination system in several key aspects with particular reference to the legal principles and judicial practices under the Federal Rules of Evidence of the United States.