MoS2-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries:Developments and perspectives

In recent years,significant progress has been achieved in the creation of innovative functional materials for energy storage and conversion.Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics,ultrathin nanosheets composed of common layered transition metal sulfide materials(MoS2)have demonstrated promise as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Nevertheless,their practical application is severely limited by the tendency of monolayer nanosheets to restack due to strong van der Waals forces,dramatic volume changes during successive cycles,and low intrinsic conductivity.Recent research advances have shown that composite structures and nanowire morphologies with specific morphologies effectively overcome these issues.This paper reviews the recent research progress on molybdenum disulfide-based composites as anode materials for LIBs and discusses in detail the struc-tural characteristics of pure molybdenum disulfide and other composite forms of molybdenum disulfide.In addition,the phase engineering,defect engineering,and lithium storage mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide and the synthesis of molybdenum disulfide-based nanocomposites by different preparation methods are focused on.Finally,we review the design(structure),recent developments,and challenges of novel anode materials and consider their electrochemical performance in Li-ion batteries.

Photocatalytic seawater splitting by 2D heterostructure of ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/WO_(3) decorated with plasmonic Au for hydrogen evolution under visible light

Photocatalytic H_(2) evolution from seawater splitting presents a promising approach to tackle the fossil energy crisis and mitigate carbon emission due to the abundant source of seawater and sunlight on the earth.However,the development of efficient photocatalysts for seawater splitting remains a formidable challenge.Herein,a 2D/2D ZnIn_(2)S_(4)/WO_(3)(ZIS/WO_(3))heterojunction nanostructure is fabricated to efficiently separate the photoinduced carriers by steering electron transfer from the conduction band minimum of WO_(3) to the valence band maximum of ZIS via constructing internal electric field.Subsequently,plasmonic Au nanoparticles(NPs)as a novel photosensitizer and a reduction cocatalyst are anchored on ZIS/WO_(3) surface to further enhance the optical absorption of ZIS/WO_(3) heterojunction and accelerate the catalytic conversion.The obtained Au/ZIS/WO_(3) photocatalyst exhibits an outstanding H_(2) evolution rate of 2610.6 or 3566.3μmol g^(-1)h~(-1)from seawater splitting under visible or full-spectrum light irradiation,respectively.These rates represent an impressive increase of approximately 7.3-and 6,6-fold compared to those of ZIS under the illumination of the same light source.The unique 2D/2D structure,internal electric field,and plasmonic metal modification together boost the photocatalytic H_(2) evolution rate of Au/ZIS/WO_(3),making it even comparable to H_(2) evolution from pure water splitting.The present work sheds light on the development of efficient photocatalysts for seawater splitting.

Ferrocenyl building block constructing porous organic polymer for gas capture and methyl violet adsorption

Ferrocene-based porous organic polymer(FcPOP) was constructed with ferrocene and porphyrin derivatives as building blocks via Schiff-base coupling. FcPOP was well characterized, and exhibited good thermal stability, high porosity, microporous structure, and homogeneous pore size distribution. Ferrocene blocks with highly electron-rich characteristics endowed Fc POP with excellent adsorption capacity of CO2 and methyl violet. The kinetic study indicated adsorption of methyl violet onto FcPOP mainly complied with pesudo-second order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of FcPOP derived from Langmuir isotherm model reached up to 516 mg/g. More importantly, FcPOP could be easily regenerated and repeatedly employed for removal of methyl violet with high efficiency. Overall, FcPOP in the present study highlighted prospective applications in the field of gas capture and dyeing wastewater treatment.

Spiro-based triphenylamine molecule with steric structure as a cathode material for high-stable all organic lithium dual-ion batteries

Redox p-type organic compounds are promising cathode materials for dual-ion batteries.However,the triphenylamine-based polymers usually with agglomerate and intertwined molecular chain nature limit the maximum reaction of their active sites with large-sized anions.Herein,we demonstrate the application of a small molecule with rigid spirofluorene structu re,namely 2,2’,7,7’-tetrakis(diphenylamine)-9,9’-spirobifluorene(Spiro-TAD),as a cathode material for lithium dual-ion batteries.The inherent sterical structure endows the Spiro-TAD with good chemical stability and large internal space for fast diffusion kinetics of anions in the organic electrolyte.As a result,the Spiro-TAD electrode shows significant insolubility and less steric hindrance,and gives a high actual capacity of 109 mA h g^(-1)(active groups utilization ratio approximately 100%) at 50 mA g^(-1)with a high discharge voltage of 3.6 V(vs.Li+/Li),excellent rate capability(60 mA h g^(-1)at 2000 mA g^(-1)) and extremely stable cycling life(98.4% capacity retention after 1400 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1)) in half cells.Such good electrochemical performance is attributed to the robust and rapid adsorption/desorption of ClO4-anions,which can be proved by the in-situ FTIR and XPS.Moreover,an all-organic lithium dual-ion battery(a-OLDIBs) is constructed using the Spiro-TAD as cathode and 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide(PTCDI) as anode and displays long-term cycling performance of 87.5 mA h g^(-1)after 800 cycles.This study will stimulate further developments in designing all organic battery systems.

Engineering Stem Cell Recruitment and Osteoinduction via Bioadhesive Molecular Mimics to Improve Osteoporotic Bone-Implant Integration

For patients with osteoporosis,the therapeutic outcomes of osteoimplants are substantially affected by the impaired proliferation,migration,and osteogenic differentiation abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).

Effect of Er_(30)Cu_(70) on microstructure and properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B by grain boundary reconstruction

Usually it is generally believed that the Er element forms the Er_(2)Fe_(14)B phase,which will seriously deteriorate the magnetic properties.Distinctly,here we report the balance of corrosion resistance and coercivity in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets through using simple Er_(30)Cu_(70) additive whose price is much lower than Dy and Tb.By reasonably controlling Er_(30)Cu_(70) addition,the corrosion resistance is improved at the minimum limit of reducing the magnetic properties.Through studying the influence mechanism of Er element,it is found that the main effect of Er elements is to replace the Nd elements at the edge of the main phase grains to form a(Er,Nd)_(2)Fe_(14)B shell with low H_(A),resulting in the reduction of magnetic properties.The improvement of corrosion resistance mainly comes from the more stable Cu element introduced at the grain boundary.At the same time,the target magnets also show different advantages under different heat treatment methods.Above findings may spur progress towards developing the lowcost permanent magnets that rival the commercial Nd-Fe-B counterpart.

The continuous cooling transforming curve of domestic XSO pipeline steel

With the thermal simulated technology, the continuous cooling transforming curve （SH-CCT） of domestic X80 was measured, and the variation rule of the microstructure of coarsened-grain heat-affected zone（CGHAZ） for X80 pipeline steel was also investigated. The results indicate that the hardenability and the hydrogen cracking susceptibility of domestic X80 are fairly low.

A universal hydrochloric acid-assistant powder-to-powder strategy for quick and mass preparation of lead-free perovskite microcrystals

Lead-free halide perovskite materials possess low toxicity,broadband luminescence and robust stability compared with conventional lead-based perovskites,thus holding great promise for eyes-friendly white light LEDs.However,the traditionally used preparation methods with a long period and limited product yield have curtailed the commercialization of these materials.Here we introduce a universal hydrochloric acid-assistant powder-to-powder strategy which can accomplish the goals of thermal-,pressure-free,eco-friendliness,short time,low cost and high product yield,simultaneously.The obtained Cs_(2)Na_(0.9)Ag_(0.1)In_(0.95)Bi_(0.05)Cl_(6)microcrystals exhibit bright self-trapped excitons emission with quantum yield of(98.3±3.8)%,which could retain(90.5±1.3)%and(96.8±0.8)%after continuous heating or ultraviolet-irradiation for 1000 h,respectively.The phosphor converted-LED exhibited near-unity conversion efficiency from ultraviolet chip to self-trapped excitons emission at~200 mA.Various ions doping(such as Cs_(2)Na_(0.9)Ag_(0.1)InCl_(6):Ln^(3+))and other derived lead-free perovskite materials(such as Cs_(2)ZrCl_(6)and Cs_(4)MnBi_(2)Cl_(12))with high luminous performance are all realized by our proposed strategy,which has shown excellent availability towards commercialization.

Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Performance of Nitrogen-Doped Ultra-Thin Carbon Nanosheets Composite Ru1Co Single Atom Alloy Catalysts

Energy transformation is imminent,and hydrogen energy is one of the important new energy sources.One of the keys to increasing the rate of hydrogen evolution during electrolysis is the use of high-performance catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions(OER).Single-atom alloys(SAAs)have garnered significant attention because they partially reduce costs and combine the advantages of both single-atom catalysts(SACs)and alloy catalysts.Herein,an efficient pyrolysis strategy based on a mixing and drying process is designed to anchor ultra-small Co cluster particles,combined with Ru single atoms dispersed on nitrogen-doped ultra-thin carbon nanosheets(Ru_(1)Co SAA/NC).The prepared electrocatalyst exhibits superior OER activity and superb stability,demonstrating an overpotential of 238 mV for OER with a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) in 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4).And we also utilized in-situ XAS to detect the oxidation state of Ru sites during OER.All in all,this method achieves cost reductions and efficiency improvements through the design of SAAs,offering new prospects for the structural transformation of clean energy.

Interfacial Oxygen Octahedral Coupling-Driven Robust Ferroelectricity in Epitaxial Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)Thin Films

The oxygen octahedral rotation(OOR)forms fundamental atomic distortions and symmetries in perovskite oxides and definitely determines their properties and functionalities.Therefore,epitaxial strain and interfacial structural coupling engineering have been developed to modulate the OOR patterns and explore novel properties,but it is difficult to distinguish the 2 mechanisms.Here,different symmetries are induced in Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)(NBT)epitaxial films by interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling rather than epitaxial strain.The NBT film grown on the Nb:SrTiO_(3)substrate exhibits a paraelectric tetragonal phase,while with La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)MnO_(3)as a buffer layer,a monoclinic phase and robust ferroelectricity are obtained,with a remanent polarization of 42μC cm^(-2)and a breakdown strength of 7.89 MV cm^(-1),which are the highest record among NBT-based films.Moreover,the interfacial oxygen octahedral coupling effect is demonstrated to propagate to the entire thickness of the film,suggesting an intriguing long-range effect.This work provides a deep insight into understanding the structure modulation in perovskite heterostructures and an important avenue for achieving unique functionalities.

Research on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Based on Electrospinning Technology

At present,in order to overcome electromagnetic interference and prevent electromagnetic harm,the research of new and efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials has become the research focus in the field of materials science.The one-dimensional structure can promote the impedance matching and attenuation characteristics of the absorbing materials.Electrospinning,as an effective method to prepare nanofibers with high length-diameter ratio,has been widely concerned because it is suitable for struc-tural design of various materials.In this paper,the research progress and absorption properties of nano-fiber materials prepared by electrospinning combined with different processes are introduced.

Study on the energy level limitations of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion with anthracene-isomerized dimers as annihilators

The enhancement in the efficiency of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion(TTA-UC)is mainly determined by the triplet energy transfer(TET)and triplet-triplet annihilation(TTA)between the sensitizers and annihilators.The TET process works efficiently by adjusting the concentration ratio of the sensitizers and annihilators.The efficiency of TTA is determined by the properties of the annihilator.Because TTA is a Dexter-type energy transfer and is affected by the diffusion rate,the energy levels of the excited states and the molecular size are both crucial in TTA.In this study,four isomerized dimers of 9,10-diphenlanthracene(DPA)and anthracene(An)were designed and prepared as annihilators for TTA-UC.The singlet and triplet energy levels could be adjusted by altering the connection position while maintaining the molecular weight and size.When PtOEP was used as the sensitizer,the maximum upconversion efficiency of 9-[4-(9-anthracenyl)phenyl]-10-phenylanthracene(9DPA-9An)was~11.18%.This is four times higher than that of 9,10-diphenyl-2,9-bianthracene(2DPA-9An,2.63%).The calculation of the energies of T_(1)and the higher triplet state(T_(3),because E(T_(2))is similar to the E(T)of these dimers)for these dimers has provided insights into the underlying reasons.These indicated that the energy gap value of 2×E(T_(1))-E(T_(3))is the determining factor for TTA efficiency.This work may provide a better understanding of the excited-state energy levels,which is crucial for designing novel annihilators to enhance the TTA-UCefficiency.

Preparation and Characterization of Attractive Poly(amino acid)Hydrogels Based on 2-Ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone

Self-healing hydrogels with the shear-thinning property are novel injectable materials and are superior to traditional injectable hydrogels.The self-healing hydrogels based on 2-ureido-4[1 H]-pyrimidinone(UPy)have recently received extensive attention due to their dynamic reversibility of UPy dimerization.However,generally,UPy-based self-healing hydrogels exhibit poor stability,cannot degrade in vivo and can hardly be excreted from the body,which considerably limit their bio-application.Here,using poly(l-glutamic acid)(PLGA)as biodegradable matrix,branchingα-hydroxy-ω-amino poly(ethylene oxide)(HAPEO)as bridging molecule to introduce UPy,and ethyl acrylate polyethylene glycol(MAPEG)to introduce double bond,the hydrogel precursors(PMHU)are prepared.A library of the self-healing hydrogels has been achieved with well self-healable and shear-thinning properties.With the increase of MAPEG grafting ratio,the storage modulus of the self-healing hydrogels decreases.The self-healing hydrogels are stable in solution only for 6 h,hard to meet the requirements of tissue regeneration.Consequently,ultraviolet(UV)photo-crosslinking is involved to obtain the dual crosslinking hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties and stability.When MAPEG grafting ratio is 35.5%,the dual crosslinking hydrogels can maintain the shape in phosphate-buffered saline solution(PBS)for at least 8 days.Loading with adipose-derived stem cell spheroids,the self-healing hydrogels are injected and self-heal to a whole,and then they are crosslinked in situ via UV-irradiation,obtaining the dual crosslinking hydrogels/cell spheroids complex with cell viability of 86.7%±6.0%,which demonstrates excellent injectability,subcutaneous gelatinization,and biocompatibility of hydrogels as cell carriers.The novel PMHU hydrogels crosslinked by quadruple hydrogen bonding and then dual photo-crosslinking of double bond are expected to be applied for minimal invasive surgery or therapies in tissue engineering.

A room-temperature magnetic semiconductor from a Co-Fe-Nb-B metallic glass

Magnetic semiconductors with Curie temperatures higher than room temperature show potential for developing spintronic devices with combined data processing and storage functions for next-generation computing systems.In this study,we present an n-type Co_(19.8)Fe_(8.6)Nb_(4.3)B_(6.0)O_(61.3) magnetic semiconductor with a high Curie temperature of~559 K.This magnetic semiconductor has a room-temperature resistivity of~2.10×10^(4)Ωcm and a saturation magnetization of~76 emu/cm^(3).The n-type Co_(19.8)Fe_(8.6)Nb_(4.3)B_(6.0)O_(61.3)magnetic semiconductor was deposited on p-type silicon to form a heterojunction,exhibiting a rectifying characteristic.Our results provide the design principles for discovering high Curie temperature magnetic semiconductors with determined conduction types,which would play an essential role in realizing nonvolatile spin-based transistors that break free from the confines of currently established Si-based information technology.

Polymersomes:From Macromolecular Self-Assembly to Particle Assembly

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Ring-opening polymerization-induced self-assembly of N-carboxyanhydrides(NCA-PISA),and fusion-induced particle assembly(FIPA).How do you get into this specific field?Could you please share some experiences with our readers?NCA-PISA was developed to solve the biodegradability problem of nanoparticles by traditional PISA,while FIPA was inspired by nature.