Esophageal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer has been decreasing, whereas the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing rap...Esophageal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer has been decreasing, whereas the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing rapidly, particularly in Western men. Squamous cell cancer continues to be the major type of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the main risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, hot beverage drinking, and poor nutrition. In contrast, esophageal adenocarcinoma predominately affects the whites, and the risk factors include smoking, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition, Asians and Caucasians may have different susceptibilities to esophageal cancer due to different heritage backgrounds. However, comparison studies between these two populations are limited and need to be addressed in the near future. Ethnic differences should be taken into account in preventive and clinical practices.展开更多
目的探究中国农村人群膳食多酚摄入与高血压的关系。方法选用2011年"中国健康与营养调查"(China Health and Nutrition Study, CHNS)数据,评估中国农村地区人群的多酚摄入和新发高血压的患病率情况;将研究人群按照总多酚及其...目的探究中国农村人群膳食多酚摄入与高血压的关系。方法选用2011年"中国健康与营养调查"(China Health and Nutrition Study, CHNS)数据,评估中国农村地区人群的多酚摄入和新发高血压的患病率情况;将研究人群按照总多酚及其亚类摄入量的四分位数分为为4组,采用Logistic回归模型分析其与高血压患病率之间的关系。结果相比于最低黄酮类摄入水平(Q1),最高摄入水平(Q4)可以降低人群28%的高血压患病风险(OR=0.72;95%CI:(0.55~0.95);P-trend=0.009);但未观察到总多酚、酚酸类、木质素类和其他类多酚摄入与高血压患病率存在显著关联。结论较高水平的黄酮类多酚摄入是高血压的保护因素。本研究可为膳食多酚对高血压的健康效应提供理论参考。展开更多
AIM： Recent laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D is a potential agent for colorectal cancer prevention. Its function is partially mediated by the vitamin D receptor （VDR）. The aim of this s...AIM： Recent laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D is a potential agent for colorectal cancer prevention. Its function is partially mediated by the vitamin D receptor （VDR）. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel G （allele ‘U’g〉A （allele ‘u’ polymorphism （Tru9I） in the VDR intron 8 region is associated with risk for colorectal adenoma in a colonoscopy-based case-control study. METHODS： Genotyping for a total of 391 subjects was carried out through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS： The frequencies of ‘U’ and ‘u’ alleles were 89.3% and 10.7%, respectively. The ‘Uu’ and ‘uu’ genotypes were associated with decreased risk for adenoma （OR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.40-1.25）. The inverse association was more pronounced for multiple adenomas and adenomas that were larger had moderate or greater dysplasia, or were sessile： the odds ratios （ORs） were, 0.51 （95%CI, 0.21-1.24）, 0.37 （95%CI, 0.11-1.28）, 0.68 （95%CI, 0.33- 1.41）, and 0.36 （95%CI, 0.13-0.97） respectively. In joint/ combined analyses, inverse associations were more obvious among those who had at least one ‘u’ allele and also were younger （OR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.26-1.37）, women （OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.17-0.88）, did not smoke （OR, 0.39; 95%CI, 0.13-1.23）, or took NSAID （OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.12-1.25）, but no evidence existed for interactions with calcium or vitamin D intake.CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that the VDR TrugI polymorphism may be associated with lower risk for colorectal adenoma, particularly in interaction with various risk factors, but not with calcium or vitamin D.展开更多
Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“cen...Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“central dogma”of transcription(DNA to RNA)and translation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology’s central dogma.In fact,there may be an undiscovered law regarding communication between DNA,RNA,glycans,and lipids,and their roles in immunomodulation.Thus,it becomes necessary to ask:Does a paracentral dogma exist?Can glycans be the third life code-after the first and second life codes of nuclei acids and amino acids-for the materiality of the cell?展开更多
Introduction: Rabies, a neglected disease, could be grossly underreported in the DRC;in the absence of post-exposure prophylaxis, the WHO estimates that this disease would cause 327,000 deaths per year in Africa and A...Introduction: Rabies, a neglected disease, could be grossly underreported in the DRC;in the absence of post-exposure prophylaxis, the WHO estimates that this disease would cause 327,000 deaths per year in Africa and Asia. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological profile of this zoonosis in order to encourage decision-makers to develop national strategies for its elimination. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was done retrospectively and in total6 420 victims of bites received during the period between January 2005 and December 2015 at the anti-rabies center in Lubumbashi were included in this work. Excel 13 software and Epi info 3.3.4 were used for data analysis and interpretation. Results: People over the age of 15 are the main victims of canine bites (62.1%), more than half of the victims are male (55.9%);dogs represent the majority of biting animals (96.4%) of which around 3/4 are unvaccinated (71.37%). Two municipalities are more affected: Lubumbashi (prevalence 83.35/100,000 and Kampemba (Prevalence 51.74/100,000). LBite peaks were observed from July to October (p = 0.01). For the 34 people seen with clinical signs of rabies encephalitis (confirmed case of rabies), the case fatality rate was 100%. Conclusion: Rabies is a major problem in Lubumbashi but its extent is different depending on the municipality. The dog is the main biting animal and the vaccination coverage of dogs remains very low. Access to rabies vaccine for bite victims is difficult. Its elimination remains possible through the implementation of an extensive canine vaccination program, the awareness of owners and the large-scale provision of post-exposure prophylaxis.展开更多
文摘Esophageal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer has been decreasing, whereas the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing rapidly, particularly in Western men. Squamous cell cancer continues to be the major type of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the main risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, hot beverage drinking, and poor nutrition. In contrast, esophageal adenocarcinoma predominately affects the whites, and the risk factors include smoking, obesity, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In addition, Asians and Caucasians may have different susceptibilities to esophageal cancer due to different heritage backgrounds. However, comparison studies between these two populations are limited and need to be addressed in the near future. Ethnic differences should be taken into account in preventive and clinical practices.
文摘目的探究中国农村人群膳食多酚摄入与高血压的关系。方法选用2011年"中国健康与营养调查"(China Health and Nutrition Study, CHNS)数据,评估中国农村地区人群的多酚摄入和新发高血压的患病率情况;将研究人群按照总多酚及其亚类摄入量的四分位数分为为4组,采用Logistic回归模型分析其与高血压患病率之间的关系。结果相比于最低黄酮类摄入水平(Q1),最高摄入水平(Q4)可以降低人群28%的高血压患病风险(OR=0.72;95%CI:(0.55~0.95);P-trend=0.009);但未观察到总多酚、酚酸类、木质素类和其他类多酚摄入与高血压患病率存在显著关联。结论较高水平的黄酮类多酚摄入是高血压的保护因素。本研究可为膳食多酚对高血压的健康效应提供理论参考。
基金Supported by the Public Health Service grants, No. R01CA-51932 to RMB (National Cancer Institute)Center for Colon Cancer Research grant, No. RR017698 to FGB from National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services
文摘AIM： Recent laboratory and epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D is a potential agent for colorectal cancer prevention. Its function is partially mediated by the vitamin D receptor （VDR）. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel G （allele ‘U’g〉A （allele ‘u’ polymorphism （Tru9I） in the VDR intron 8 region is associated with risk for colorectal adenoma in a colonoscopy-based case-control study. METHODS： Genotyping for a total of 391 subjects was carried out through PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS： The frequencies of ‘U’ and ‘u’ alleles were 89.3% and 10.7%, respectively. The ‘Uu’ and ‘uu’ genotypes were associated with decreased risk for adenoma （OR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.40-1.25）. The inverse association was more pronounced for multiple adenomas and adenomas that were larger had moderate or greater dysplasia, or were sessile： the odds ratios （ORs） were, 0.51 （95%CI, 0.21-1.24）, 0.37 （95%CI, 0.11-1.28）, 0.68 （95%CI, 0.33- 1.41）, and 0.36 （95%CI, 0.13-0.97） respectively. In joint/ combined analyses, inverse associations were more obvious among those who had at least one ‘u’ allele and also were younger （OR, 0.60; 95%CI, 0.26-1.37）, women （OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.17-0.88）, did not smoke （OR, 0.39; 95%CI, 0.13-1.23）, or took NSAID （OR, 0.38; 95%CI, 0.12-1.25）, but no evidence existed for interactions with calcium or vitamin D intake.CONCLUSION： Our findings suggest that the VDR TrugI polymorphism may be associated with lower risk for colorectal adenoma, particularly in interaction with various risk factors, but not with calcium or vitamin D.
文摘Among the four equally important major building blocks of life-that is,nucleic acids(DNA and RNA),proteins,lipids,and car-bohydrates(glycans)-the first two,DNA and RNA,follow the well-established principle of the“central dogma”of transcription(DNA to RNA)and translation(RNA to protein).However,the latter two,glycans and lipids,are missing from biology’s central dogma.In fact,there may be an undiscovered law regarding communication between DNA,RNA,glycans,and lipids,and their roles in immunomodulation.Thus,it becomes necessary to ask:Does a paracentral dogma exist?Can glycans be the third life code-after the first and second life codes of nuclei acids and amino acids-for the materiality of the cell?
文摘Introduction: Rabies, a neglected disease, could be grossly underreported in the DRC;in the absence of post-exposure prophylaxis, the WHO estimates that this disease would cause 327,000 deaths per year in Africa and Asia. The objective of this study is to determine the epidemiological profile of this zoonosis in order to encourage decision-makers to develop national strategies for its elimination. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was done retrospectively and in total6 420 victims of bites received during the period between January 2005 and December 2015 at the anti-rabies center in Lubumbashi were included in this work. Excel 13 software and Epi info 3.3.4 were used for data analysis and interpretation. Results: People over the age of 15 are the main victims of canine bites (62.1%), more than half of the victims are male (55.9%);dogs represent the majority of biting animals (96.4%) of which around 3/4 are unvaccinated (71.37%). Two municipalities are more affected: Lubumbashi (prevalence 83.35/100,000 and Kampemba (Prevalence 51.74/100,000). LBite peaks were observed from July to October (p = 0.01). For the 34 people seen with clinical signs of rabies encephalitis (confirmed case of rabies), the case fatality rate was 100%. Conclusion: Rabies is a major problem in Lubumbashi but its extent is different depending on the municipality. The dog is the main biting animal and the vaccination coverage of dogs remains very low. Access to rabies vaccine for bite victims is difficult. Its elimination remains possible through the implementation of an extensive canine vaccination program, the awareness of owners and the large-scale provision of post-exposure prophylaxis.
