Our daily life leaves an increasing amount of digital traces,footprints that are improving our lives.Data-mining tools,like recommender systems,convert these traces to information for aiding decisions in an ever-incre...Our daily life leaves an increasing amount of digital traces,footprints that are improving our lives.Data-mining tools,like recommender systems,convert these traces to information for aiding decisions in an ever-increasing number of areas in our lives.The feedback loop from what we do,to the information this produces,to decisions what to do next,will likely be an increasingly important factor in human behavior on all levels from individuals to societies.In this essay,we review some effects of this feedback and discuss how to understand and exploit them beyond mapping them on more well-understood phenomena.We take examples from models of spreading phenomena in social media to argue that analogies can be deceptive,instead we need to fresh approaches to the new types of data,something we exemplify with promising applications in medicine.展开更多
Bionanosensors and nanosensors have been devised in recent years with the use of various materials including carbon-based nanomaterials, for applications in diagnostics, environmental science and microelectronics. Car...Bionanosensors and nanosensors have been devised in recent years with the use of various materials including carbon-based nanomaterials, for applications in diagnostics, environmental science and microelectronics. Carbon-based materials are critical for sensing applications, as they have physical and electronic properties which facilitate the detection of substances in solutions, gaseous compounds and pollutants through their conductive prop- erties and resonance-frequency transmission capacities. In this review, a series of recent studies of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） based nanosensors and optical systems are repor- ted, with emphasis on biochemical, chemical and envi- ronmental detection. This study also encompasses a background and description of the various properties of the nanomaterials, and the operation mechanism of the man- ufactured nanosensors. The use of computational chemistry is applied in describing the electronic properties and molecular events of the included nanomaterials during operation. This review shows that resonance-based sensing technologies reach detection limits for gases, such as ammonia down to 10-24 level. The study also shows that the properties of the carbon nanomaterials give them unique features that are critical for designing new sensors based on electrocatalysis and other reactive detection mechanisms. Several research fields can benefit from the described emerging technologies, such as areas of research in environmental monitoring, rapid-on site diagnostics, in situ analyses, and blood and urine sampling in medical and sport industry. Carbon nanomaterials are critical for the operational sensitivity of nanosensors. Considering the low cost of fabrication, carbon nanomaterials can represent an essential step in the manufacturing of tomorrow＇s commercial sensors.展开更多
基金supported by the Swedish Research Foundation and the WCU Program through NRF Korea funded by MEST under Grant No.R31-2008-10029
文摘Our daily life leaves an increasing amount of digital traces,footprints that are improving our lives.Data-mining tools,like recommender systems,convert these traces to information for aiding decisions in an ever-increasing number of areas in our lives.The feedback loop from what we do,to the information this produces,to decisions what to do next,will likely be an increasingly important factor in human behavior on all levels from individuals to societies.In this essay,we review some effects of this feedback and discuss how to understand and exploit them beyond mapping them on more well-understood phenomena.We take examples from models of spreading phenomena in social media to argue that analogies can be deceptive,instead we need to fresh approaches to the new types of data,something we exemplify with promising applications in medicine.
文摘Bionanosensors and nanosensors have been devised in recent years with the use of various materials including carbon-based nanomaterials, for applications in diagnostics, environmental science and microelectronics. Carbon-based materials are critical for sensing applications, as they have physical and electronic properties which facilitate the detection of substances in solutions, gaseous compounds and pollutants through their conductive prop- erties and resonance-frequency transmission capacities. In this review, a series of recent studies of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） based nanosensors and optical systems are repor- ted, with emphasis on biochemical, chemical and envi- ronmental detection. This study also encompasses a background and description of the various properties of the nanomaterials, and the operation mechanism of the man- ufactured nanosensors. The use of computational chemistry is applied in describing the electronic properties and molecular events of the included nanomaterials during operation. This review shows that resonance-based sensing technologies reach detection limits for gases, such as ammonia down to 10-24 level. The study also shows that the properties of the carbon nanomaterials give them unique features that are critical for designing new sensors based on electrocatalysis and other reactive detection mechanisms. Several research fields can benefit from the described emerging technologies, such as areas of research in environmental monitoring, rapid-on site diagnostics, in situ analyses, and blood and urine sampling in medical and sport industry. Carbon nanomaterials are critical for the operational sensitivity of nanosensors. Considering the low cost of fabrication, carbon nanomaterials can represent an essential step in the manufacturing of tomorrow＇s commercial sensors.
