The occurrence of illegal medicines is a well-established global problem and concerns mostly small molecules. However, due to the advances in genomics and recombinant expression technologies there is an increased deve...The occurrence of illegal medicines is a well-established global problem and concerns mostly small molecules. However, due to the advances in genomics and recombinant expression technologies there is an increased development of polypeptide therapeutics. Insulin is one of the best known polypeptide drug, and illegal versions of this medicine led to lethal incidents in the past. Therefore, it is crucial for the public health sector to develop reliable, efficient, cheap, unbiased and easily applicable active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) identification and quantification strategies for routine analysis of suspected illegal insulins. Here we demonstrate that our combined label-free full scan approach is not only able to distinguish between all those different versions of insulin and the insulins originating from different species, but also able to chromatographically separate human insulin and insulin lispro in conditions that are compatible with mass spectrometry(MS). Additionally, we were also able to selectively quantify the different insulins, including human insulin and insulin lispro according to the validation criteria, put forward by the United Nations(UN), for the analysis of seized illicit drugs. The proposed identification and quantification method is currently being used in our official medicines control laboratory to analyze insulins retrieved from the illegal market.展开更多
Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In t...Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.展开更多
This paper provides an overview and identification key of the Australasian species of Lactarius subg.Gerardii.A molecular phylogeny based on the nuc DNA markers ITS,LSU and rpb2,combined with detailed morphological ob...This paper provides an overview and identification key of the Australasian species of Lactarius subg.Gerardii.A molecular phylogeny based on the nuc DNA markers ITS,LSU and rpb2,combined with detailed morphological observations resulted in the delimitation of 12 strongly supported and morphologically recognizable species.Five new agaricoid species are described here:Lactarius hora,L.coniculus,L.limbatus,L.leae and L.leonardii.Other agaricoid species belonging to subg.Gerardii are L.atrovelutinus,L.bicolor,L.ochrogalactus and L.reticulatovenosus.Lactarius venosus is also considered as a member but could not be included in the molecular analysis.Two new pleurotoid species are discovered:L.genevievae and L.conchatulus,both close relatives of L.uyedae,but each with distinct characters.Their position within subg.Gerardii is supported in the phylogeny and by their microscopic characters.This study also confirms the existence of multiple cryptic species and species complexes for which species recognition or species delimitation remains problematic as is the case for the Australian species L.wirrabara.In general,detailed macroscopic and microscopic observations are needed to identify species of L.subg.Gerardii.展开更多
As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/...As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections herein advocate a novel nomenclature for genera and species in Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and allied taxa.The generic names Parascedosporium,Lomentospora,Petriella,Petriellopsis,and Scedosporium are proposed for a lineage within Microascaceae with mostly Scedosporium anamorphs producing slimy,annellidic conidia.Considering that Scedosporium has priority over Pseudallescheria and that Scedosporium prolificans is phylogenetically distinct from the other Scedosporium species,some name changes are proposed.Pseudallescheria minutispora and Petriellidium desertorum are renamed as Scedosporium minutisporum and S.desertorum,respectively.Scedosporium prolificans is renamed as Lomentospora prolificans.展开更多
文摘The occurrence of illegal medicines is a well-established global problem and concerns mostly small molecules. However, due to the advances in genomics and recombinant expression technologies there is an increased development of polypeptide therapeutics. Insulin is one of the best known polypeptide drug, and illegal versions of this medicine led to lethal incidents in the past. Therefore, it is crucial for the public health sector to develop reliable, efficient, cheap, unbiased and easily applicable active pharmaceutical ingredient(API) identification and quantification strategies for routine analysis of suspected illegal insulins. Here we demonstrate that our combined label-free full scan approach is not only able to distinguish between all those different versions of insulin and the insulins originating from different species, but also able to chromatographically separate human insulin and insulin lispro in conditions that are compatible with mass spectrometry(MS). Additionally, we were also able to selectively quantify the different insulins, including human insulin and insulin lispro according to the validation criteria, put forward by the United Nations(UN), for the analysis of seized illicit drugs. The proposed identification and quantification method is currently being used in our official medicines control laboratory to analyze insulins retrieved from the illegal market.
文摘Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.
基金The Malaysian expedition was funded by the Foundation of Scientific Research-Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)Dirk Stubbe was funded by a scholarship of the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology(IWT-Vlaanderen)+1 种基金A PEET-grant of the National Science Foundation(USA)(DEB-0118776)to ProfDennis Desjardin and a scholarship of the Chiang Mai University made it possible for Huyen Than Le to conduct her research in Thailand.Xiang-Hua Wang was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 30970020,30300002).
文摘This paper provides an overview and identification key of the Australasian species of Lactarius subg.Gerardii.A molecular phylogeny based on the nuc DNA markers ITS,LSU and rpb2,combined with detailed morphological observations resulted in the delimitation of 12 strongly supported and morphologically recognizable species.Five new agaricoid species are described here:Lactarius hora,L.coniculus,L.limbatus,L.leae and L.leonardii.Other agaricoid species belonging to subg.Gerardii are L.atrovelutinus,L.bicolor,L.ochrogalactus and L.reticulatovenosus.Lactarius venosus is also considered as a member but could not be included in the molecular analysis.Two new pleurotoid species are discovered:L.genevievae and L.conchatulus,both close relatives of L.uyedae,but each with distinct characters.Their position within subg.Gerardii is supported in the phylogeny and by their microscopic characters.This study also confirms the existence of multiple cryptic species and species complexes for which species recognition or species delimitation remains problematic as is the case for the Australian species L.wirrabara.In general,detailed macroscopic and microscopic observations are needed to identify species of L.subg.Gerardii.
文摘As a result of fundamental changes in the International Code of Nomenclature on the use of separate names for sexual and asexual stages of fungi,generic names of many groups should be reconsidered.Members of the ECMM/ISHAM working group on Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections herein advocate a novel nomenclature for genera and species in Pseudallescheria,Scedosporium and allied taxa.The generic names Parascedosporium,Lomentospora,Petriella,Petriellopsis,and Scedosporium are proposed for a lineage within Microascaceae with mostly Scedosporium anamorphs producing slimy,annellidic conidia.Considering that Scedosporium has priority over Pseudallescheria and that Scedosporium prolificans is phylogenetically distinct from the other Scedosporium species,some name changes are proposed.Pseudallescheria minutispora and Petriellidium desertorum are renamed as Scedosporium minutisporum and S.desertorum,respectively.Scedosporium prolificans is renamed as Lomentospora prolificans.
