Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea produced 8.41 t DM ha-1 with a total N yield of 319 kg N ha-1 and total C production of 3835 kg C ha-1. The WSL treatments had only small effects on rye forage yield and N concentration, possibly due to mineralization of N from a large SOC pool already in place. The CSL treatments also had only minimal effects on sorghum-sudangrass forage production. Winter pea, arrow leaf and crimson clover were productive cool season legumes and could be useful as green manure crops. Mungbean and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) were highly productive warm season legumes but may include more production risk in green manure systems due to soil moisture competition.

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructural,mechanical and ballistic properties of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy

The study focused on investigating the effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment(DCT)on the mechanical and ballistic properties of AA7075-T6 aluminum alloy.The microstructure,microhardness,tensile strength,and impact strength of the Base Material(BM)and DCT-treated 7075 samples were analyzed through metallographic analysis and mechanical tests.The microstructure of the DCT-treated 7075 samples revealed fine grains and a distribution of secondary phase particles.The tensile strength,impact strength,and microhardness of DCT-treated samples increased by 7.41%,4%,and 9.68%,respectively,compared to the BM samples.The fractography analysis of the tensile samples showed cleavage facets,microvoids,and dimples in both the samples.The ballistic behavior of the BM and DCT target plates were studied by impacting hard steel core projectiles at a velocity of 750±10 m/s.The target plates failed due to petaling and ductile hole enlargement,and the depth of penetration(DOP)of the DCT target was less than that of the BM target,indicating a higher ballistic resistance.The post-ballistic microstructure examination of the target plates showed the formation of an Adiabatic Shear Band(ASB)without any cracks.It was concluded that the DCT treatment improved the mechanical and ballistic properties of the aluminum alloy due to grain refinement and high dislocation density.

Very low calorie ketogenic diet and common rheumatic disorders:A case report

BACKGROUND The scientific literature provides evidence that nutritional ketosis can be an important support in the treatment of pathologies in which inflammation is present,as recent studies have shown that ketone bodies have anti-inflammatory activity in numerous diseases,including rheumatic diseases.We report the case of a 22-year-old woman with class I obesity and juvenile idiopathic arthritis who started treatment with a very low calorie ketogenic diet(VLCKD).CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at age 4 years and with a body mass index(BMI)of 30.8 kg/m2,waist circumference(WC)80 cm,fat mass(FM)28.1 kg,free FM 45.7 kg,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)3.5 kg,assessed on bioimpedance analysis.She was treated using a commercial VLCKD weight-loss program(PNK®method);this program provides high-biological-value protein preparations and natural foods.Each protein preparation contains 15 g protein,4 g carbohydrate,3 g fat,and 50 mg omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid,with an energy content of 90–120 kcal.After four months on the program,the BMI was 28.6 kg/m2,WC 73 cm,FM 23.2 kg,free FM 41.9 kg,and VAT 2.9 kg.CONCLUSION VLCKD enabled the patient to reach her target weight and to reduce her joint pain and headaches.Laboratory inflammatory indices also normalized.

The scattering fields for a spherical target irradiated by a plane electromagnetic wave in an arbitrary direction

The relation between corresponding trigonometric functions in two rotating coordinate systems is presented. The transformation formula for a vector in the two rotating spherical coordinate systems is obtained. The scattering fields for a spherical target irradiated by a plane electromagnetic wave in an arbitrary direction are derived. These fields in a particular case retrogress to those available in the literature. The obtained results have great potential in practical applications.

Corrosion behavior of 907 steel under thin electrolyte layers of artificial seawater

The corrosion behavior of 907 steel under thin electrolyte layer(TEL) has been investigated by means of cathodic polarization curve measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the cathodic diffusion current density presents the variation trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease with the decrease of TEL thickness, and the maximum deposits at 58 μm. The cotangent-hyperbolic impedance(O) is rationally first introduced to study the diffusion process of the reactants through the corrosion products layer with many permeable holes. The initial corrosion rate of 907 steel under different TEL thickness increases with the decrease of TEL thickness except that of 104 μm,whereas the corrosion rate after long time corrosion can be ranked as 104 μm﹥402 μm﹥198 μm﹥301 μm﹥bulk solution.

Early results of circularity and centration of capsulotomy prepared by three different methods

AIM:To compare the difference of capsulotomy produced by precision pulse capsulotomy(PPC),manual(M-CCC),and femtosecond laser assisted capsulotomy(FLAC)in relation to intraocular lens(IOL)centration,circularity and its effect on visual outcomes.METHODS:Prospective,non-randomized comparative study conducted at LV Prasad Eye Institute,Hyderabad,India.Sixty eyes of 52 patients were grouped into 3(FLAC,PPC and M-CCC)based on capsulotomy techniques used.Twenty consecutive eyes with uneventful phacoemulsification and with no comorbidities affecting the capsulotomy or visual outcome were included in each group.The main outcome measure was IOL centration in relation to capsulotomy and pupil.Secondary outcome measures were post-operative visual acuity,manifest refraction and aberration profile between groups.RESULTS:At 5 wk the visual,refractive outcomes and endothelial cell density were comparable between the 3 groups.The median circularity index of FLAC was statistically significantly different to M-CCC or PPC(1-10)groups(P<0.01)but PPC(11-20)was comparable to FLAC.Decentration of IOL center in relation to capsulotomy was seen only between the PPC(1-10)group and FLAC group(P=0.02).The IOL was well centered in relation to the pupil in all the groups(P=0.46).The quality of vision parameters like the higher order aberrations,spherical aberration,coma,trefoil,modular transfer function,and Strehl ratio were comparable between the groups.CONCLUSION:Our study shows that despite differences in the morphology of capsulotomy produced by PPC,M-CCC,FLAC a well-centered IOL can be achieved.The measured capsular morphology parameters do not affect visual outcomes.

Revisiting acute liver injury associated with herbalife products

In the November 27,2010 issue of the World Journal of Hepatology (WJH),three case reports were published which involved patients who had consumed various dietary supplements and conventional foods generally marketed as weight loss products.The reference to Herbalife products as contaminated and generally com-parable to all dietary supplements or weight loss prod-ucts is not scientifically supported.The authors provided an insufficient amount of information regarding patient histories,concomitant medications and other com-pounds,dechallenge results,and product specifications and usage.This information is necessary to fully assess the association of Herbalife products in the WJH case reports.Therefore,the article does not objectively sup-port a causal relationship between the reported cases of liver injury and Herbalife products or ingredients.

The Realization Path of Japan's Agricultural Modernization and Its Precious Experience for China

In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.

Diabetes and COVID-19:Role of insulin resistance as a risk factor for COVID-19 severity

Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and as a consequence,develop more severe form of disease.This is partly due to a systemic inflammatory state and pro thrombotic milieu seen in metabolic syndrome.In this review,we attempt to explore the pathogenetic links between insulin resistance and COVID-19 disease severity.Insulin resistance is an underlying condition for metabolic syndromes,including type 2 diabetes,which impairs insulin signaling pathways affecting metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis.A high concentration of circulating insulin shifts the balance to mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)-dependent signaling and causes endothelial cell damage.The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and MAPK dependent signaling pathways maintain a balance between nitric oxide-dependent vasodilator and endothelin-1 dependent vasoconstriction actions of insulin.Vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction is responsible for inflammation and blood coagulation leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes.Hyperactivity in renin-angiotensin system is implicated in development of islet oxidative stress and subsequentβ-cell dysfunction,as it alters the islet blood flow.These deleterious effects of insulin resistance involving altered blood pressure,vascular dysfunction,and inflammation could be associated with increased severity in COVID-19 patients.We conclude that clinical and/or biochemical markers of insulin resistance should be included as prognostic markers in assessment of acute COVID-19 disease.

Automatic Monitoring of Chilling Requirement for Sweet Cherry and Its Application in Protected Cultivation

For sweet cherry, the economic benefit of protected cultivation is much higher than that of open field cultivation. However, problems such as nonuniform germination, aberrant flower, abortion, bad fruit setting and delayed maturation appear frequently due to the inaccurate regulation of chilling requirement. In order to solve the problems, an automatic system for monitoring, selecting and recording of chilling requirement in protected cultivation of sweet cherry was designed and developed. The system, which consisted of temperature detection, effective chilling temperature selection, signal conversion and output and chilling accumulation display, had been continuously used in protected cultivation of sweet cherry for 3 years and good effects had been achieved. The system monitored chilling accumu- lation accurately and made it more reasonable for the time selection of greenhouse covering, thus avoiding risks of nonuniform germination, bad fruit setting and de- layed maturation, etc. Under the coordinate application of this system with other modern measuring and controlling techniques such as automatic detection and alarming of temperature and humidity, the environment in greenhouses was regulated precisely that the uniform fruits were obtained and the expected yield, quality and harvest time were achieved.

动态预涂层在CE联用技术中的应用

毛细管电泳与传统分离方法相比,具有分析时间短、分辨率高、样品/缓冲液用量少、易于自动化、功能多样性等优点。尽管如此,毛细管电泳在分析领域仍未能展现出全部的潜力。这是由于在大多数要求比较苛刻的实际应用中,毛细管电泳难以获得较高的重现性。本文对该问题进行了阐述,并提出了一个很有前途的解决方法。

Diagnostic accuracy of a new point-of-care screening assay for celiac disease

AIM: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a new point-of-care assay detecting anti-deamidated gliadin peptides in celiac disease(CD) patients.METHODS: One-hundred-and-twelve patients(age range: 1.8-79.2 years old) with clinical symptoms suggestive of CD and/or first-degree relatives(FDR) of CD patients(n = 66),and confirmed CD on a gluten-free diet(GFD)(n = 46),were prospectively enrolled in the study at Gastroenterology outpatient clinics for adult patients and from the Gastroenterology Consultation Ward at the Pediatric Department of the University Hospital of Geneva.Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects enrolled.The study received approval from the local ethics committee.The original CD diagnosis had been based on serum-positive IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)(QuantaLite,Inova Diagnostics,San Diego,CA,United States) and on biopsy results.Serum samples from all study participants were tested by the new CD lateral flow immunochromatographic assay(CD-LFIA) device,Simtomax Blood Drop(Augurix SA,BioArk,Monthey,Switzerland) to detect immunoglobulin(Ig)A and IgG antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides.The diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves with 95%CIs.A cut-off of 2 on the Rann colorimetric scale was used to calculate the device's sensitivity and specificity.RESULTS: CD-LFIA was highly accurate in detecting untreated celiac patients.In the group of patients with CD symptoms and/or FDR,eight new cases of CD were detected by ELISA and biopsy.All of these new cases were also correctly identified by CD-LFIA.The test yielded four false positive and four false negative results.The false positive results were all within the groups with clinical symptoms suggestive of CD and/or FDR,whereas the false negative results were all within the GFD group.The test yeld a sensitivity of 78.9%(95%CI: 54.4-93.9) and specificity of 95.7%(95%CI: 89.4-98.8),and the area under the curve reached 0.893(95%CI: 0.798-0.988).The Kappa coefficient,calculated according to the values obtained by two readers from the same device,was of 0.96(SE: 0.06).When the GFD patients were excluded from the analysis,the area under the curve reached 0.989(95%CI: 0.971-1.000) and the Kappa coefficient,calculated according to the values obtained by two readers from the same device,became 0.96(SE: 0.07).Furthermore,using the Rann scale cut-off of 2 without the GFD patients,sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 93.1%(95%CI: 83.3-98.1).CONCLUSION: The new CD-LFIA rapid screening test shows good diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity,and may rule out CD in patients with CD-related symptoms.

On the Life and Political Ideals of the Poet Qu Yuan

Qu Yuan is one of the famous patriotic poets in the history of China,and as for his poems,they shall not only be interpreted from the literary perspective but also from the political perspective,because it is a tradition that poets tend to express their am bition through poems. In the poems of Qu Yuan,we can read both the thoughts about the country and about his own life. The ideal personality and the ideal politics are inseparable,the former of which is the foundation while the later the supreme goal. The integration of the ideal personality and the ideal politics is the essence of the patriotism of Qu Yuan,which,for the later generations,is still worthem phasizing and researching.

Haplotype Diversity at Sub1 Locus and Allelic Distribution Among Rice Varieties of Tide and Flood Prone Areas of South-East Asia

Single nucleotide polymorphisms and restriction digestion-based haplotype variations among 160 flood prone rice varieties were analyzed with enzymes Alu I and Cac8 I to generate polymorphisms at Sub1A and Sub1C loci （conferring submergence tolerance）, respectively. Haplotype associated with phenotype was used to study the haplotype variations at Sub1A and Sub1C loci and to determine their functional influence on submergence tolerance and stem elongation. Three patterns at Sub1A locus, Sub1A0 （null allele）, Sub1A1 （does not cut） and Sub1A2 （one SNP）, and four patterns at Sub1C locus, Sub1C1, Sub1C2, Sub1C3 and Sub1C4, were generated. Both tolerant Sub1A1 and intolerant Sub1A2 had the same length, but the difference was presence of a restriction site in the Sub1A2, but absent at the Sub1A1. Further, two types of polymorphism were detected at the Sub1C, one included major length polymorphisms （165, 170 and 175 bp） and the other was a single restriction site at different position. Eight haplotypes （different combinations of the two loci）, A1C1, A1C2, A1C4, A2C2, A2C4, A0C2, A0C3 and A0C4, were detected among 160 varieties. Haplotype A1C1 was comparatively more related to haplotypes A1C2 and A1C4, having the same Sub1A allele, and these haplotypes were found only in Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan and Indian varieties. Most tolerant varieties in A1C1 haplotype showed slow elongation, having tolerant specific Sub1A1 and Sub1C1 alleles. Further, the varieties Madabaru and Kottamali （A2C2） also showed moderate level of tolerance without Sub1A1 allele. These varieties were different with FR13A and also suspected to carry different novel tolerant genes at other loci. These materials could be used for hybridization with Sub1 varieties for pyramiding additional tolerant specific alleles into a single genotype for improving submergence tolerance in rice.

Human Body Image Edge Detection Based on Wavelet Transform

Human dresses are different in thousands way.Human body image signals have big noise, a poor light and shade contrast and a narrow range of gray gradation distribution. The application of a traditional grads method or gray method to detect human body image edges can't obtain satisfactory results because of false detections and missed detections. According to tte peculiarity of human body image, dyadic wavelet transform of cubic spline is successfully applied to detect the face and profile edges of human body image and Mallat algorithm is used in the wavelet decomposition in this paper.

New Intellectual Economized Technique on Electricity Based on DSP

In order to resolve the problem of the unbalanced three-phase and unstable voltage,intellectual economized technique on electricity based on electromagnetic regulation and control is proposed in this paper.We choose the TMS320LF2407A as the control chip and stepper motor as the executing agency.The equipment controls the movable contact reaching to the assigned position on the magnetic coil quickly and accurately,and outputs the sine-wave voltage steadily along with the network voltage variation though the fuzzy Porportional Integral Derivative(PID)control algorithm of integral separation and incremental mode with setting dead area.The principle of work and the key technique on the electromagnetic regulation and control are introduced in detail in this paper.The experiment result gives a proof for all the algorithm mentioned in this paper.

Analysis of Production and Sales Situation of Sisal Fiber and Its Products in China

Based on results of previous studies,through investigations,the status quo,main advantages and disadvantages of using small hand-power scutchers and large-scale automatic sisal production lines to process sisal fiber were summarized and analyzed; the traditional uses and latest products of sisal fiber were studied,especially the comprehensive utilization of byproducts produced during sisal fiber processing as well as the broad prospects of new sisal products.