Therapeutic challenge for immunotherapy targeting cold colorectal cancer: A narrative review

Cold colorectal tumors are not likely to trigger a robust immune response and tend to suppress the immune response.There may be three reasons.First,the complex tumor microenvironment of cold colorectal cancer(CRC)leads to tolerance and clearance of immunotherapy.Second,the modification and concealment of tumor-specific targets in cold CRC cause immune escape and immune response interruption.Finally,the difference in number and function of immune cell subsets in patients with cold CRC makes them respond poorly to immunotherapy.Therefore,we can only overcome the challenges in immunotherapy of cold CRC through in-depth research and understanding the changes and mechanisms in the above three aspects of cold CRC.

Zinc Oxide Composites of Doxorubicin in the Form of Coating, Composite Films and Gels with a High Antitumor Activity and Low Toxicity

This work is devoted to the formation doxorubicin (DOX) zinc oxide composites in the form of coating (DOX + ZnO), hydrogels and composite films of DOX with polyvinyl alcohol (DOX + PVA + ZnO) by DC-magnetron deposition of ZnO nanoscale particles (ZnO NPs) on their surfaces (DOX, DOX + PVA) with higher (two times and more) antitumor activity and considerable smaller toxicity at low doses of DOX in compositions compared to the initial drug. Using the methods of spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), the role of ZnO NPs size on the antitumor activity of doxorubicin zinc oxide compositions is shown. AFM shows presence of many ZnO NPs on the surface DOX. A comparison of the FTIR spectra of DOX and its zinc oxide compositions has shown the presence of new bands of OH valence and deformation vibrations. It is possible to assume that interaction between ZnO and DOX takes place in the form of hydrogen bond, promoting the complexes formation. It is possible that both synergic and hydrogen-bonding ZnO with DOX increase the antitumor activity.

Conventional Acupuncture for Cardiac Arrhythmia：A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective：To exam the effect and safety of conventional acupuncture（CA） on cardiac arrhythmia.Methods：Nine medical databases were searched until February 2016 for randomized controlled trials.Heterogeneity was measured by Cochran Q test.Meta-analysis was conducted if I2 was less than 85% and the characteristics of included trials were similar.Results：Nine qualified studies involving 638 patients were included.Only 1 study had definitely low risk of bias,while 7 trials were rated as unclear and 1 as high.Meta-analysis of CA alone did not have a significant benefit on response rate compared to amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation（Af） and atrial flutter（AF） [relative risk（RR）：1.09;95% confidence interval（CI）：0.79–1.49;P=0.61;I2=61%,P=0.11].However,1 study with higher methodological quality detected a lower recurrence rate of Af in CA alone as compared with sham acupuncture plus no treatment,and benefits on ventricular rate and time of conversion to normal sinus rhythm were found in CA alone group by 1 study,as well as the response rate in CA plus deslanoside group by another study.Meta-analysis of CA plus anti-arrhythmia drug（AAD） was associated with a significant benefit on the response rate when compared with AAD alone in ventricular premature beat（VPB） patients（RR,1.19,95% CI：1.05–1.34;P=0.005;I2=13%,P=0.32）,and an improvement in quality-of-life score（QOLS） of VPB also showed in 1 individual study.Besides,a lower heart rate was detected in the CA alone group by 1 individual study when compared with no treatment in sinus tachycardia patients（MD –21.84 [–27.21,–16.47]） and lower adverse events of CA alone were reported than amiodarone.Conclusions：CA may be a useful and safe alternative or additive approach to AADs for cardiac arrhythmia,especially in VPB and Af patients,which mainly based on a pooled estimate and result from 1 study with higher methodological quality.However,we could not reach a robust conclusion due to low quality of overall evidence.

Designing the Financing System of the New-type Cooperative Medi-cal Service in Rural Areas

A total of 310 counties （and county-level cities） in 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in China had conducted experiments of new-type cooperative medical service in the rural areas by October 2004, coveting 95.04 million rural people. The actual number of peasants who joined the service is 68.99 million, accounting for 72.6% of the total, and 3.021 billion yuan was raised.